Branigen (acetyl-L-carnitine) / Tanabe Pharma, Dong-A, Leadiant Biosci - LARVOL DELTA

Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=100 | Completed | Sponsor: Khyber Medical University Peshawar | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • LEP

Effectiveness of Periodic Repolishing on the Surface and Mechanical Properties of Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials After Different Cycles of Combined Simulated Toothbrushing and Mechanical Cycling. (PubMed, J Esthet Restor Dent) - "Intraoral repolishing at yearly recall intervals may help control surface degradation, maintain smoother surfaces, and preserve microhardness over time, particularly for indirect restorations fabricated from resin-based CAD/CAM materials."

Journal • Fatigue

Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=100 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Khyber Medical University Peshawar

New trial • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • LEP

Forest-cultivated Epimedium koreanum Nakai mitigates organotin-induced renal injury and the exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy via the SIRT1/NRF2/PPARγ signaling pathways. (PubMed, Chem Biol Interact) - "These findings establish the SIRT1/NRF2/PPARγ axis as a mandatory mediator of renal resilience against organotin-exacerbated diabetic nephropathy. EKF mitigates injury by recruiting the SIRT1 metabolic sensor to restore renal equilibrium. EKF supplementation represents a strategic intervention to decouple environmental pollutant exposure from metabolic disease progression in high-risk populations."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • GSTP1 • PPARG

GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NASOPHARYNGEAL PNEUMOCOCCAL LINEAGES IN COLOMBIAN CHILDREN, 2008 - 2011 (ISPPD 2026) - "Before the introduction of PCV10 (2012), the most frequent lineages of invasive isolates in children under five years old in Colombia, based on the analysis of 267 isolates, were GPSC6 (14, 9V, 19A), (30%), GPSC31 (1), (6.7%), GPSC12 (3), (6%), GPSC5 (23F, 23B, 19A), (4.5%), and GPSC11 (18C, 15B/C, 19A), (3.0%). Twenty-four isolates (49%) clustered in GPSC4 (10.2%):19B ST17316, 19A ST199, 15B ST645, 14 ST200; GPSC6 (6.1%): 14 ST156; GPSC13 (6.1%): 6A ST473 and novel ST, 6D ST1135; GPSC11 (6.1%): 15B/C ST16315; GPSC23 (6.1%): 6B ST96 and novel ST; GPSC3 (6.1%): 11A ST62; GPSC16 (4.1%): 9N ST66, 23F novel ST; GPSC131 (4.1%): 15C ST766 and ST8495.Conclusions Genomic analysis of NPI in Colombian children revealed a wide variety of GPSCs, with only two lineages (GPSC6 and GPSC11) that were also frequently detected in invasive isolates during the same period. Continued molecular surveillance will provide additional information to evaluate vaccine impact."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Association between the gut microbiome and plasma metabolites linked to vocalization-based temperament in Merino sheep. (PubMed, Microbiome) - "Our study provides the first large-scale multi-omics evidence linking the rumen microbiome to a dimension of emotional reactivity in livestock, while underscoring the need for longitudinal and experimental validation to establish causal mechanisms. Video Abstract."

Journal

Elevated serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethyllysine in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): An exploratory case-control study. (PubMed, IBRO Neurosci Rep) - "Most ALS patients were receiving acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) supplementation, suggesting that ALCAR intake may contribute to the observed metabolite profiles. Overall, these findings indicate alterations in trimethylammonium-containing compound metabolism in ALS and underscore the need for larger, well-controlled studies to determine whether such changes reflect disease-related mechanisms, treatment effects, or their interaction."

Journal • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis • CNS Disorders • Inflammation

Acetyl-carnitine improves hyperactivity and learning deficits in KAT6A haploinsufficient mice. (PubMed, Life Sci Alliance) - "Our results suggest that some individuals with ARTHS might benefit from ALCAR treatment. However, the suitability of ALCAR treatment would depend on the specific KAT6A variant and should be discussed with health professionals."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • KAT6A

Lipid deregulation impacts hematopoietic stem cell functions during aging (ASH 2025) - "To understand the effect of reduced Taz expression on HSC functions, we useda doxycycline inducible, sh-RNA mediated TAZ knock-down (KD) mouse model...In competitive transplant assay, while mid-agedWT HSC treated with vehicle gave rise to a myeloid-bias graft, Alcar supplemented mid-aged WT HSC gaverise to a more balanced graft with increased ratio of lymphoid to myeloid cells in the peripheral blood 16weeks following transplantation, albeit the rescue was partial.This study indicates that HSC lipid composition becomes abnormal with aging which causes a decline inHSC function and highlights the critical role of mitochondrial CL in HSC functions. It implies thatmetabolite supplementation is a viable option for restoring age-related HSC functional defects."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Disorders • TAFAZZIN

Low Bioavailability and High TMAO Production: Novel Insights Into Acetylcarnitine and Carnitine Metabolism. (PubMed, Mol Nutr Food Res) - "Acetylcarnitine has significantly lower bioavailability than carnitine. The intake of both supplements resulted in substantial TMAO production, raising potential health concerns."

Journal

Microbiology and epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from UK residents in England, 2016-2023: what are the risks to public health? (PubMed, J Med Microbiol) - "The most common sequence types (STs) were ST34 (n=202/1,402, 14.4%), ST10 (n=185/1,402, 13.2%), ST200 (n=183/1,402, 13.1%) and ST678 (n=101/1,402, 7.2%), and the most common serotypes were O92:H33 (n=130/1,402, 9.3%), O175:H31 (n=78/1,402, 5.6%) and O99:H10 (n=78/1,402, 5.6%)...AMR was detected in 1,030 out of 1,402 (73.5%) isolates with resistance to fluoroquinolone (n=810/1,402, 57.8%) and beta-lactam (n=807/1,402, 57.6%) antibiotics being the most common.Conclusion. Given the burden of disease caused by EAEC in the community, the high proportion of infections in children and travellers, the risk of the emergence of hybrid STEC/EAEC pathotypes and the high proportion of AMR, we recommend that EAEC should be part of the diagnostic algorithm in the UK."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Decline in Cardiolipin in Hematopoietic Stem Cell during Aging Alters Their Regenerative Potential (ASH 2023) - "To understand the effect of reduced Taz expression on HSC functions, we used a doxycycline inducible, sh-RNA mediated TAZ knock-down (KD) mouse model...In competitive transplant assay, while mid-aged WT HSC treated with vehicle gave rise to a myeloid-bias graft, Alcar supplemented mid-aged WT HSC gave rise to a more balanced graft with increased ratio lymphoid to myeloid cells in the peripheral blood 16 weeks following transplantation, albeit the rescue was partial. This study indicates that HSC mitochondrial membrane lipids become abnormal with aging which causes a decline in HSC function and highlights the critical role of mitochondrial cardiolipin in HSC functions. It implies that metabolite supplementation is a viable option for restoring age-related HSC functional defects."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Transplantation • TAFAZZIN

REPURPOSING MITOCHONDRIA PROTECTIVE TARGETS FOR ADJUVANT THERAPY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (UEGW 2025) - "Aims & Cellular toxicity of the drugs Acipimox, AICAR, ALCAR, Bezafibrate, Epi-743, Idebenone, Metformin, SS-31 and TUDCA was assessed in the intestinal epithelial cell line Mode-K and murine wild-type (WT) small intestinal (SI) organoids. Selected drugs targeting mitochondrial functions restored seeding efficiency, differentiation, and stemness of intestinal organoids from inflamed tissue sections of TNFΔARE mice, TNFΔARE pigs, and CD patients. These findings clearly support the potential of metabolic drug repurposing for adjuvant IBD therapy and indicate putative risks for Metformin."

Clinical • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Metabolic Disorders • IL10

HEPATIC MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM ASSESSED IN VIVO BY HYPERPOLARIZED [1-13C]- AND [2-13C]PYRUVATE WITH EX VIVO ISOTOPOMER ANALYSIS (AASLD 2025) - "[1-13C]Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) appeared only in fed livers, serving as a PDH-specific biomarker... HP [2-13C]pyruvate could monitor mitochondrial metabolic shifts in the liver by resolving HP products specific to gluconeogenic and oxidative pathways, whereas HP [1-13C]pyruvate could not distinguish these individual routes. The ex vivo isotopomer analysis confirmed the sensitivity of these approaches to nutritional state, demonstrating reduced PDH flux and enhanced redistribution of 13C through the TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis during fasting."

Preclinical • PCK2

Molecular-based evidence for school transmission of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among apparently healthy children attending nursery, infant, and primary schools in Madrid (Spain). (PubMed, Eur J Pediatr) - "Apparently healthy Spanish schoolchildren may be carriers and potential spreaders of certain EAEC subtypes with gastrointestinal/extra-intestinal pathogenic potential. While transmission within school settings appears to be the most likely explanation for the EAEC genomic clusters identified, particularly among toddlers, extra-school infections through alternative pathways cannot be entirely ruled out."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of Clostridium perfringens of animal origin. (PubMed, Microb Pathog) - "Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) defined sequence types (STs) of two Indian isolates (ST126 and ST200) whereas the remaining two isolates were novel., Pangenome analysis indicated an open genome structure, with 18.28% core genes and 81.72% accessory genes. AMR gene analysis revealed tetracycline resistance as the most prevalent, with several strains harbouring multidrug resistance genes. This study underscores the genetic diversity, adaptive evolution, and One Health significance of C. perfringens in animals and highlights the importance of genomics in understanding host-specific virulence and resistance patterns for effective disease surveillance and control."

Journal

Challenges in the Treatment of Narcolepsy and the Positive Impact of Acetyl-L-Carnitine: A Case-Based Review with 20-Year Follow-Up (WSS 2025) - "Initial pharmacologic management included antidepressants, Modafinil, Armodafinil, Adderall, Concerta, Jornay, Vyvanse, and sodium oxybate (Xyrem). This case highlights the multifaceted challenges in narcolepsy management and proposes acetyl-L-carnitine as a potential adjuvant therapy in refractory cases. Given its safety profile and observed benefit in this case, ALCAR warrants further investigation through controlled clinical trials."

Clinical • Review • Barrett Esophagus • Cataplexy • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Longitudinal Brain Structural, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Immature Rat Brain with ALCAR Treatment. (PubMed, Neurochem Res) - "The TBI + ALCAR group performed significantly better compared to TBI + vehicle group in both sensory motor and hippocampal dependent recognition memory. Further studies with the longer duration of ALCAR administration are necessary to adequately assess the efficacy of ALCAR following pediatric TBI."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics • Vascular Neurology

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections from Aberdeen, Scotland, and their comparison to isolates from England. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "The bla CTX-M was observed in 71% (33% plasmid-borne), bla TEM in 42%, with all isolates resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and cefuroxime...MLST identified 21 strains, with ST-13 and ST-200 being the most common...The close relatedness of human and cattle ST432 strains suggests potential zoonotic transmission, emphasizing the role of livestock as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and the need for genomic epidemiology studies to elucidate transmission pathways and interspecies exchange. A One Health approach integrating human, animal and environmental surveillance would enhance our understanding of the molecular dynamics and evolutionary trajectory of Klebsiella pneumoniae, reinforcing the need for targeted interventions to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • ST13 • ST14

Acetyl L-Carnitine Protects Zebrafish Embryos From Verapamil and Inorganic Arsenic-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Developmental Toxicity With No Effect on Supernumerary Motor Neuron Development. (PubMed, J Appl Toxicol) - "Furthermore, acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR) completely abolished both developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite and verapamil cotreatment. We show for the first time that ALCAR prevents toxicities induced by arsenic and verapamil cotreatment in zebrafish embryos, a vertebrate model for investigating chemical toxicity."

Journal • Cardiovascular

Hybrid strains of enterotoxigenic/Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, United Kingdom, 2014-2023. (PubMed, J Med Microbiol) - "The most common sequence types were ST329 and ST200 (n=24 each), and the most frequently detected serotype was O187:H28 (n=25)...Phylogenetic analysis and long-read sequencing of the outbreak strain provided insight into the stepwise acquisition of st and stx and the evolutionary history of STEC-ETEC pathotypes. The integration of epidemiological data and whole-genome sequencing for routine surveillance of gastrointestinal pathogens is key to understanding the emergence of zoonotic hybrid DEC pathotypes and monitoring foodborne threats to public health."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Acetyl-l-carnitine alleviates valproate-induced autism-like behaviors through attenuation of hippocampal mitochondrial dysregulation. (PubMed, Neuroscience) - "Collectively, our results indicate that oral administration of ALCAR ameliorates autism-like behaviors, partly through its targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. This suggests that ALCAR may have potential benefits ASD managing."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • CAT

Co-occurrence of triple carbapenemase genes, blaVIM-2, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-48 in Enterobacter hormaechei clinical isolates -first report from Croatia. (PubMed, J Chemother) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed susceptibility only to colistin and amikacin. Detailed analysis by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of short reads by Illumina and long reads by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) was additionally performed and showed that both isolates belonged to ST200. They were separated by 98 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) having variations in the number of blaVIM-2 genes on the chromosome, the number of blaNDM-1 genes on the plasmid, non-identical blaNDM-1 plasmids, different plasmid content in general, and only one isolate carried a 94 kb prophage."

Journal

Increasing histone acetylation improves sociability and restores learning and memory in KAT6B-haploinsufficient mice. (PubMed, J Clin Invest) - "Both compounds improved sociability in Kat6b+/- mice, and ALCAR treatment restored learning and memory. These data suggest that a subset of SBBYSS individuals may benefit from postnatal therapeutic interventions."

Epigenetic controller • Journal • Preclinical • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Mental Retardation • KAT6B

Investigation of the effect of carnitine on cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) can be found in brain tissue and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier...Basilar artery wall thickness increased in all groups except the control group (p < 0.05). In light of all these findings, it was concluded in our study that Carnitine was effective in the resolution of vasospasm in the experimental SAH model."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage