Veltassa (patiromer) / CSL Behring - LARVOL DELTA

Hyperkalemia in Hemodialysis: Use of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate - A Single-center Experience (PubMed, G Ital Nefrol) - "Recently, two new medications have been introduced for chronic potassium control: Patiromer and Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate, the latter approved for use in haemodialysis. We conducted an observational study at our dialysis unit on 28 chronic haemodialysis patients, where after detecting hyperkalaemia, therapy with Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate was initiated. We evaluated the potassium levels over time, changes in home treatments, and the drug's tolerability."

Journal • Observational data • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Changes in natriuretic peptide levels following patiromer-enabled optimization of medical therapy in heart failure: A post hoc analysis of the DIAMOND study. (PubMed, Eur J Heart Fail) - "In this post-hoc analysis of DIAMOND, patients with HFrEF and elevated (>1000 ng/ml) NT-proBNP at screening experienced clinically meaningful NT-proBNP reductions following a RAASi optimization strategy that included patiromer during the run-in phase, with no significant differences observed between patiromer and placebo groups during the randomized withdrawal phase."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Pathology of Melanoma: New Concepts (2025 Update). (PubMed, Dermatol Clin) - "The American Cancer Society estimates that nearly 105,000 new cases of invasive melanoma of the skin and over 107,000 new cases of melanoma in situ will be diagnosed in the United States in 2025...Among this population, overall 5 year survival rates have improved from 82% in 1975 to 1997 to 94% in 2014 to 2020. As expected, disease that is only local at diagnosis confers an excellent greater than 99% 5 year survival, whereas melanoma that has metastasized regionally or distant confers only a 75% or 35% 5 year survival, respectively."

Journal • Review • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Real-World Effectiveness of Patiromer Among Hemodialysis (HD) Patients Prescribed Various Treatment Schedules Over a One-Year Follow-Up (ERA 2025) - "In a real-world analysis of adult, prevalent HD patients, various treatment schedules were prescribed for PAT, although the most common was once a day with 8.4 g per packet. All treatment schedule groups had a decrease in mean sK, an increase in the percent of patients achieving < 5.5 mEq/L and a decrease in patients receiving at least one treatment with 1K dialysate bath."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world effectiveness • Real-world evidence

Outcomes and Resource Utilization in Hyperkalemic Emergency Department Patients Treated With Patiromer or Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate. (PubMed, J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open) - "Patients receiving patiromer had lower in-hospital mortality. Patients receiving SZC had lower 30-day all-cause and hyperkalemia-related hospitalization risks."

HEOR • Journal

Guideline-Recommended Disease-Modifying Therapies for Patients with Cardiorenal Disease: A Call-to-Action Narrative Review. (PubMed, Adv Ther) - "Hyperkalemia can be managed and optimal RASi dosing can be continued by using novel potassium binders, such as sodium zirconium cyclosilicate or patiromer. In doing so, the guideline targets achievement of the "quadruple aim" of GDMT in CKD, i.e., enabling optimal use of RASi and SGLT2i in most patients, along with nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease. This manuscript constitutes a call to action to raise awareness of the growing clinical and economic burdens of CKD and to promote a united approach to the early detection and optimal treatment of CKD through stricter adherence to GDMT."

Journal • Review • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Practice Patterns of Potassium-binding Agent Use for Severe Acute Hyperkalemia in Intensive Care Units (ATS 2025) - " Using PINC AI Healthcase Database, we identified adults (age ≥18) with severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium ≥6.0 mmol/L) admitted to ICUs May 2018 - September 2022 and received any of three potassium-binding agents: Sodium polystyrene sulfate (SPS; Kayexalate®), sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC; Lokelma®), or patiromer. Few ICU patients with severe acute hyperkalemia received a potassium-binding agent on presentation, but if used, there was significant variation between hospitals in the choice of agent. We theorize this may be partly explained by the high cost of new potassium-binding agents relative to SPS. Notably, the use of new potassium-binding agents increased although no comparative effectiveness clinical trials have been completed to date."

Cardiovascular • Critical care • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Economic Evaluation of Patiromer in Patients with Concomitant Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease in Italy. (PubMed, Pharmacoecon Open) - "Applying DIAMOND data, patiromer is deemed to be cost-effective at a willingness-to pay threshold of €40,000 per QALY gained in Italy."

HEOR • Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease

scCompass: An Integrated Multi-Species scRNA-seq Database for AI-Ready. (PubMed, Adv Sci (Weinh)) - "By applying standardized data pre-processing, scCompass integrates and curates transcriptomic data from nearly 105 million single cells across 13 species...Different scalable datasets are provided that can be easily adapted for AI model training and the pretrained checkpoints with state-of-the-art single-cell foundation models. In summary, scCompass is highly efficient and scalable database for AI-ready, which combined with user-friendly data sharing, visualization, and online analysis, greatly simplifies data access and exploitation for researchers in single-cell biology (http://www.bdbe.cn/kun)."

Journal

PAT-CHINA-303: Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Patiromer in Chinese Subjects (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=290 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma | N=200 ➔ 290

Enrollment change • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Updates in chronic kidney disease management: A systematic review. (PubMed, Pharmacotherapy) - "Currently, SGLT2i have demonstrated consistent benefits with large effect sizes in preventing the progression of CKD, solidifying this class as a first-line treatment along with RASi. Subsequent consideration for GLP-1RA, finerenone, and sacubitril/valsartan should be dependent on patient-specific comorbidities, while potassium binders may allow for longer use of RASi."

Journal • Review • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

The Impact of Patiromer on Heart Failure Treatment With Angiotensin Inhibitors and MRAs. (PubMed, J Am Coll Cardiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Reply: The Impact of Patiromer on Heart Failure Treatment With Angiotensin Inhibitors and MRAs. (PubMed, J Am Coll Cardiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

PRINCE: Patiromer and Diet/hrQoL in Chronic Dialysis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=40 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research

HEOR • New P3 trial • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

PAT-CHINA-303: Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Patiromer in Chinese Subjects (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=200 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 ➔ Sep 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Jun 2025

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Comparison Among Potassium Binders on the Management of Hyperkalemia on Chronic Dialysis Patients: A Protocol for Systematic Review. (PubMed, G Ital Nefrol) - "The main aim is to evaluate the difference in serum potassium concentration after treatment with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate or patiromer compared to placebo/sodium polystyrene sulfonate/calcium polystyrene sulfonate. Conclusions. The present protocol for a systematic review will consider all existing evidence from published RCTs about the efficacy of HIF-PHIs on hemodialysis patients."

Journal • Renal Disease

Efficacy and safety of patiromer for hyperkalemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. (PubMed, Clin Exp Nephrol) - "Patiromer can improve hyperkalemia by lowering sK-level and can suppress the recurrence of hyperkalemia with continued administration, and is safe and easy-to-use for a wide range of patients."

Journal • P3 data

EMERALD 2: Patiromer for Treatment of Hyperkalaemia in Children Under 12 Years of Age (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=36 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Vifor Pharma, Inc. | Trial completion date: Aug 2028 ➔ Dec 2030 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2027 ➔ Dec 2029

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for MRAs optimization in HFrEF: lessons learned from the REALIZE-K trial. (PubMed, Heart Fail Rev) - "Patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), two novel potassium binders, have emerged as highly effective and safe tools for managing hyperkalemia and enabling the optimization of MRA therapy. This mini-review critically examines the findings of the recently published REALIZE-K (Randomized Withdrawal Trial Evaluating Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for the Management of Hyperkalemia in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Receiving Spironolactone) trial, placing it within the broader context of current evidence on potassium binders and their potential role in mitigating hyperkalemia to optimize MRA treatment. Moreover, it explores other significant barriers to MRA optimization, including clinician concerns over the risk of hyperkalemia, a consistent and pervasive issue that often leads to treatment inertia. By addressing both physiological and psychological barriers, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of..."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease

The role of cation-exchange resins in hyperkalemia management. (PubMed, Med J Armed Forces India) - "The management of hyperkalemia has evolved, incorporating calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) and newer agents such as sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) and patiromer alongside traditional treatments. The findings suggest a shift toward newer potassium-binding agents in clinical practice, underscored by the need for individualized treatment approaches based on patient-specific factors. This article aims to guide clinicians in optimizing hyperkalemia management, ensuring effective, safe, and patient-centered care."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE POTASSIUM EXCHANGERS IN THE ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERKALEMIA: SODIUM ZIRCONIUM CYCLOSILICATE, SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE, AND PATIROMER. (WRMC 2025) - "Conclusions More patients who received SPS achieved a post-intervention potassium level ≤ 5.5 mmol/L, but this finding was not statistically significant likely due to our small sample size. Authors plan to finalize data collection and analysis in the coming months."

HEOR • Cardiovascular • Diabetes

EMCREG-International Multidisciplinary Consensus Panel on Management of Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Heart Failure. (PubMed, Cardiorenal Med) - "We convened a consensus panel to describe the optimal management across multiple clinical settings when caring for patients with hyperkalemia. This consensus emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to managing hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with cardiovascular kidney metabolic (CKM) syndrome, to avoid fragmentation of care and ensure comprehensive treatment strategies. The primary goal of this manuscript is to describe strategies to maintain cardiovascular benefits of essential medications while effectively managing potassium levels."

Journal • Review • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

The Association of Heart Failure and Edema Events between Patients Initiating SZC or Patiromer (CVCT USA 2024) - No abstract available

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

A Retrospective Study of Patiromer as Adjunct to Insulin Therapy for Acute Hyperkalemia in the Emergency Department. (PubMed, Open Access Emerg Med) - "In this study of patients with acute hyperkalemia in the ED setting, concurrent administration of patiromer did not result in more sustained potassium reduction compared to insulin alone in the overall cohort. The trend in favor of adjunct patiromer in the subgroup with adequate renal function warrants further investigation."

Journal • Retrospective data • Renal Disease

Evaluation of Current Utilization and Dosing Strategies of Patiromer in Pediatric Patients (ASHP 2024) - No abstract available

Clinical • Pediatrics