calcipotriol / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Betacellulin, a member of the EGF family, ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like symptoms via EGFR-JNK/ERK-mediated activation of autophagy. (PubMed, Allergol Int) - "BTC is a promising therapeutic candidate for AD through the activation of EGFR-JNK/ERK-dependent autophagy, highlighting the potential of BTC for clinical translation in AD management."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • ADAM17 • BTC • EGFR

IL-31 Blockade Elevates TARC by Lifting LAMP3+ CD1c+ Mature Dendritic Cells from CGRP-CALCRL Neuroimmune Suppression in Atopic Dermatitis. (PubMed, J Allergy Clin Immunol) - "Findings support an IL-31-dependent CGRP-CALCRL neuroimmune brake that restrains DC maturation and TARC. IL-31RA blockade disinhibits this circuit, linking antipruritic therapy to DC-driven chemokine programs and offering a rationale for stronger TARC responses in patients than in the MC903 model. Monitoring TARC and neuroimmune context may aid management of nemolizumab-treated patients with AD."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Pruritus • CALCRL • CD123 • CD1C • CD63 • CDK1 • IL31RA • LAMP3 • OSMR

A Multi-Target Combinatorial Therapy of MDBA Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis via Synchronized Immunosuppression and Barrier Repair. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "In a calcipotriol (MC903)-induced mouse and guinea pig models of AD-like dermatitis, topical application of MDBA significantly ameliorated disease severity, as evidenced by reduced EASI scores and epidermal thickness...Safety assessment revealed no significant organ toxicity or functional abnormalities. Thus, MDBA is a promising AD therapy that targets the PI3K/AKT pathway to deliver concurrent immunosuppressive and barrier-repairing effects."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immune Modulation • Immunology • CD4 • CLDN1 • FLG • IL13

Momordin Ic alleviates inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction of atopic dermatitis in vitro and in vivo. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "The results showed that Momordin Ic can effectively reduce inflammation and skin barrier damage associated with AD, suggesting that it may be an option for AD treatment."

Journal • Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • IFNG • JAK1 • OCLN • TJP1 • TNFA • TRPA1

A 308-nm Excimer Lamp Ameliorates MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis With Reductions of Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density and Expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin. (PubMed, J Dermatol) - "These findings indicate that 308-nm excimer lamp therapy ameliorates AD-like dermatitis through dual mechanisms: suppression of intraepidermal nerve fibers and downregulation of epithelial-derived TSLP, together with enhanced regulatory T-cell infiltration. This study provides new mechanistic insights into the immunological and neurocutaneous effects of excimer phototherapy, supporting its clinical use in AD and potentially other inflammatory skin diseases."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Pruritus • FOXP3 • IL10 • IL13 • IL4 • TSLP

Selective STAT6 Disruptors Block Type 2 Inflammation and Improve Atopic Dermatitis in Mice (AAAAI 2026) - "In the MC903-induced mouse model of AD, oral administration of STAT6 disruptors significantly reduced serum IgE—reflecting inhibition of STAT6-dependent B-cell class switching—and attenuated ear thickening and back-skin irritation...Together, these results demonstrate that selective small-molecule STAT6 inhibitors can effectively block Type 2 inflammation and ameliorate AD in vivo. This work established the first proof-of-concept for pharmacologic disruption of the IL-4Rα–STAT6 interface and suggests an orally available alternative to current anti-IL-4Rα/IL-13 biologics for allergic diseases."

Preclinical • Asthma • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Pruritus • Respiratory Diseases • IL13 • IL4 • STAT6

Streptococci in the commensal skin microbiome of children can promote Atopic Dermatitis (AAAAI 2026) - "Selected isolates were then tested for inflammatory activity in a MC903 mouse model of AD...Conclusions These findings reveal a previously unknown role for commensal Streptococci in promoting pediatric AD, suggesting that colonization with certain Streptococcus species/strains may make children more susceptible to SA-induced damage and atopic disease flares. These observations may explain the higher incidence and distinctive pattern of AD seen in children."

Clinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • IL4

An IgG-Macrophage Axis Suppresses IgE-Mediated Itch (AAAAI 2026) - "An MC903-induced atopic dermatitis model examined efficacy against basophil-leukotriene-mediated itch...Mechanistic studies employed enzymatic Fc glycan removal, macrophage depletion using clodronate liposomes and anti-M-CSF antibodies, and behavioral scratching assessments...Conclusions The study establishes a unifying neuroimmune axis where protective IgG antibodies interrupt diverse IgE-driven itch circuits through FcγR activation on macrophages. This IgG-FcγR-macrophage pathway represents a promising therapeutic target, suggesting strategies to boost protective IgG responses or directly modulate activating FcγRs could provide durable relief for chronic pruritic disorders."

Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Immunology • CSF1

Targeting ROCK2 for Atopic Dermatitis Relief. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "This Viewpoint summarizes the discovery of compound 10d, a natural product-inspired selective ROCK2 inhibitor, whose design was guided by the identification of a novel hydrophobic surface unique to ROCK2. The compound demonstrates compelling efficacy in a mouse model of MC903-induced AD, positioning selective ROCK2 inhibition as a promising strategy for this condition."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Oxidative stress induced TSLP production via TRPV4 regulates type 2 inflammation and pruritus in MC903 induced atopic dermatitis mouse model. (PubMed, J Dermatol Sci) - "Our findings showed that TRPV4 mediates the expression of keratinocyte-derived TSLP and increases Th2 immunity and pruritus, highlighting TRPV4 as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD."

Journal • Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Pruritus • Psoriasis • IL13 • IL4 • TRPV4 • TSLP

Skin sensitisation to gluten in the absence and presence of atopic dermatitis drives changes in skin and systemic T cell phenotype composition in a rat model of food allergy. (PubMed, Mol Immunol) - "Here Brown Norway rats were sensitised to hydrolysed gluten though the skin in the absence or presence of AD-like skin inflammation induced by topical application of MC903...This systemic effect of AD had a minor effect on M1/M2 differentiation but did not affect cytokine production by intraperitoneal-derived macrophages. These findings highlight some systemic effects of skin sensitisation and AD that potentially could affect non-skin immune responses."

Journal • Preclinical • Allergy • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Food Hypersensitivity • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology

Bifidobacterium Breve Yang08 Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis By Enriching Akkermansia Muciniphila and Inhibiting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation In Mice. (PubMed, Adv Sci (Weinh)) - "In MC903-induced AD-like mouse models, Yang08 outperformed a standard strain, ameliorating disease severity, including reduced ear thickening, epidermal hyperplasia, and mast cell infiltration in a manner dependent on viable bacteria and an intact gut microbiota...Its therapeutic benefits were reversed by neutrophil depletion, NET degradation, or PAD4 inhibition. Overall, Yang08 alleviates AD by enriching A. muciniphila and inhibiting skin NETosis, emerging as a promising prophylactic candidate prevention for AD prevention."

Journal • Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Palmitic acid aggravates atopic dermatitis by regulating SGK1/NEDD4L-involved cutaneous neuroimmune inflammation through driving TRPV1 and MRGPRB2 S-palmitoylation. (PubMed, Inflamm Res) - "The increased cutaneous PA exacerbates AD by promoting TRPV1 S-palmitoylation and SP production in nociceptor, followed by MRGPRB2 S-palmitoylation and tryptase release in MCs. S-palmitoylation promotes TRPV1 whereas inhibits MRGPRB2 reduction via lysosome when NEDD4L and its upstream SGK1 are not phosphorylated."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • TRPV1

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delivered via a thermosensitive hydrogel ameliorate atopic dermatitis by mitigating keratinocyte mitochondrial damage through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "In a MC903-induced AD mouse model, local administration of the hUCMSC-exo hydrogel significantly improved AD-like symptoms and lowered serum IgE and Th2 cytokine levels. Compared to the topical steroid mometasone furoate, our formulation demonstrated comparable efficacy with a superior safety profile. Our study is the first to combine a thermosensitive hydrogel with hUCMSC-exo for local delivery, providing a safe and effective new therapeutic strategy for AD."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • IL4 • TNFA

Keratinocyte HIF-1α Orchestrates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Inflammation by Promoting Type 3 Inflammation. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "HIF-1α deficiency attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and type 3 inflammation in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform model but had little effect in DNFB-induce contact hypersensitivity and MC903-induced atopic dermatitis model. In IMQ-treated skin, HIF-1α deficiency led to reduced Il17, Il23 and neutrophil-attracting chemokine transcript levels and diminished Ly6G+ neutrophil infiltration. These findings identify keratinocyte HIF-1α as a central regulator of psoriasiform inflammation and suggest that epithelial HIF signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Contact Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis • HIF1A • IL17A • IL23A

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Potent and Selective ROCK2 Inhibitor for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "In a mouse model of MC903-induced AD, 10d effectively suppressed inflammation and achieved therapeutic efficacy superior to the model group, while maintaining a favorable safety profile. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that 10d attenuates AD pathology by downregulating S100A9, highlighting the ROCK2-S100A9 axis as a novel pathway in AD pathogenesis. Collectively, these findings establish 10d as a highly active and selective inhibitor, marking the first exploration of ROCK2-targeted therapy for AD treatment."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • S100A9

Neuronal pentraxin 2 in peripheral sensory neurons drives chronic itch through potentiation of the interleukin-31/interleukin-31 receptor pathway in atopic dermatitis. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "Additionally, PD98059 also significantly reduced the upregulation and release of NPTX2 caused by IL-31 stimulation. Our results offer a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic pruritus in the MC903-induced AD model, highlighting NPTX2-dependent signaling as a key therapeutic strategy for refractory itch disorders."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Pruritus

Sophocarpine alleviates chronic itch in mouse atopic dermatitis by inhibiting spinal astrocyte reactivity and pro-inflammatory signaling. (PubMed, Acta Pharmacol Sin) - "AD-like chronic itch was induced in mice by topical application of MC903 solution (2 nmol in ethanol) on the shaved nape skin once daily for 14 consecutive days...Schematic summary of the main findings illustrating that SPC alleviates chronic itch in AD by inhibiting spinal astrocyte reactivity and pro-inflammatory signaling. Specifically, SPC suppresses the activation of spinal astrocytes in the dorsal horn, reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and thereby decreases scratching behavior in AD mice."

Journal • Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Oncology • Pain • CCL2 • CXCL1 • IL1B • IL6 • TRPA1

IL-27 signaling mediates skin inflammation in experimental psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. (PubMed, Cell Biosci) - "Our findings identify IL-27 signaling in keratinocytes as a pivotal regulator of skin inflammation in both psoriasis and AD. This highlights IL-27 as a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory skin diseases."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Oncology • Psoriasis • STAT1 • TNFA

Atopic Dermatitis-like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903. (PubMed, JID Innov) - "Our findings suggest that clinical S. aureus strains from patients with AD differ in their capacity to modulate skin inflammation, particularly within a type 2-skewed environment. These results highlight the potential value of incorporating clinically relevant S. aureus isolates into early-stage in vivo models to better understand AD immunopathology and to inform microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation

Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract alleviates MC903-induced atopic dermatitis and reduces IL-4/IL-13-induced tight junction disruption and inflammation by regulating the phosphorylation of STAT6. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "Our study demonstrates that Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract alleviates MC903-induced atopic dermatitis and reduces IL-4/IL-13-induced tight junction disruption and inflammation by regulating the phosphorylation of STAT6. Our findings provide preliminary experimental evidence supporting the potential application value of GJFE in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, particularly in terms of its anti-inflammatory and barrier-repairing functions."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Fatigue • Immunology • Inflammation • CLDN1 • CLDN4 • IL13 • IL33 • IL4

A novel polypeptide molecule attenuates atopic dermatitis by targeting CCR8-CCL1 axis. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "We found that applying SP-TG02 to the skin ameliorated MC903 and OXA-induced skin AD-like symptoms and histological damage, reduced mast cell infiltration and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue. Collectively, SP-TG02 may be a promising novel CCR8 polypeptide inhibitor for the treatment of atopic dermatitis."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • CCR8

Sympathetic nerve dysfunction exacerbates skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. (PubMed, J Allergy Clin Immunol) - "Our data revealed a detrimental cycle between AD skin inflammation and sympathetic nerve dysfunction."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • HOXB6 • PHOX2B

Effect of CD4+T cell-specific methyltransferase-like 3 gene knockout on calcipotriol-induced atopic dermatitis in mice (PubMed, Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi) - "The proportion of T helper 2 cells (Th2) was lower, with no significant difference [(0.7%±0.2%) vs (0.8%±0.7%), P>0.05]. CD4+T cell-specific deletion of Mettl3 modulates IL-4, IL-10, and FLG expression, alters the Th2/Treg cell ratio, and thereby attenuates MC903-induced AD-like dermatitis in mice."

Journal • Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • CD4 • FLG • IL10 • IL4 • METTL3

Obesity alters inflammatory responses in S. aureus-induced atopic dermatitis (ISDS 2025) - "Studies conducted in the MC903 mouse model of AD have linked obesity with increased predominance of interleukin 17A (IL17A)-mediated inflammation and resistance to IL4 and IL13-targeted treatment...Data collection is still ongoing, but our results thus far suggest that the relationship between obesity and AD could be context dependent. Future experiments will examine the effect of diet-induced obesity on cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression in the skin of S. aureus-sensitized mice, as well as on the relative efficacy of IL4/IL13, IL9, and IL17A-targeted immunotherapy."

IO biomarker • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Obesity • IL13 • IL17A • IL4 • IL9