carbidopa / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

5-HTP only: Effects of 5HTP on the Injured Human Spinal Cord (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=6 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: University of Alberta | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=30 ➔ 6

Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • CNS Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Integrating Box-Behnken and Plackett-Burman designs for the robust impurity profiling of levodopa and carbidopa tablets. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "Under the optimized conditions mobile-phase pH, column (temperature 26°C, flow rate 0.9 mL/min, UV 280 nm, gradient runtime 75min), baseline separation of the critical impurity pairs was achieved, and system suitability confirmed adequate selectivity, including a resolution between levodopa related compound C and carbidopa in the System Suitability Test (SST) solution. Method robustness was further assessed using a Plackett-Burman design to identify parameters most sensitive to deliberate variation, supporting reliable performance under routine analytical conditions and across potential raw-material/formulation variability."

Journal

Inhaled Levodopa for the Management of OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. (PubMed, Pharmacoeconomics) - "Inhaled LD may be an economically dominant treatment strategy when compared with dispersible LD and no-ODT. When compared with SC and SL apomorphine, cost-savings with inhaled LD may outweigh potentially fewer QALYs, resulting in an NMB."

HEOR • Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Sulfonyl-PYBOX/ErCl3 complex enable highly enantioselective synthesis of α,α-dialkyl and α-alkyl-α-aryl hydrazinonitriles. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "This method enables the shortest catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of L-carbidopa, a drug that could treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, with 82% overall yield in four steps. These adducts are valuable synthons to various α-tertiary hydrazines and related azacycles that are interesting targets for medicinal studies and pesticide research. From our biological analysis, a chiral α-hydrazino nitrile with good insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (LC50 = 15.11 mg∙L-1) was identified, rivaling commercial insecticides."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Aspartame promotes intestinal tumor progression via Akkermansia muciniphila -mediated 5-hydroxytryptophan production. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Culture supernatants from aspartame-treated A. muciniphila promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation, an effect that was specifically blocked by carbidopa, an inhibitor of 5-HTP to 5-HT conversion. These findings reveal a novel aspartame-microbiota-serotonin axis that promotes intestinal tumor progression, challenging the perceived safety of long-term aspartame consumption and highlighting the need for reevaluation of current safety guidelines."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Comparison of blood dopamine in Parkinson's patients treated with levodopa carbidopa entacapone vs levodopa benserazide: A randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "In this study, no significant difference was observed in the short-term effects of LCE and LB combinations on plasma dopamine levels in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease with unilateral involvement. Further large-scale, multicenter studies with extended follow-up are required to assess long-term clinical outcomes, including motor response duration and adverse effects."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

RECHMPL23_0426: Prospective pilot study of L-dopa treatment in patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder linked to a pathogenic variant of the CTNNB1 gene (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1/2 | N=7 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Montpellier | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases • CTNNB1

Exploiting the Danio rerio model and bioinformatics to explore the effects and molecular networks of Parkinson's disease drugs in human melanoma. (PubMed, Eur J Cell Biol) - "Drugs commonly used in Parkinson's disease treatment, including amantadine, rasagiline and carbidopa (C-DOPA), have gained attention for their potential anticancer properties. Further development and investigation are needed to explore the potential effects of PD drugs on human melanoma and to better understand the complex association between both diseases. The use of zebrafish as a xenotransplantation model offers great opportunities to investigate such drugs and their effects on melanoma cells in a living organism."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Melanoma • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • Transplantation

Successful Treatment of Refractory Gastroparesis-related Nausea in Parkinson’s Disease with Mirtazapine (AAN 2026) - "Proton pump inhibitors and ondansetron were ineffective. Importantly, nausea occurred independently of levodopa dose timing and did not improve with typical management including additional carbidopa, reduction of dopaminergic medications, or administration with food, suggesting symptoms were unrelated to dopaminergic therapy. EGD revealed a 14 mm GE junction stricture (dilated to 15–18 mm) and a 4 cm hiatal hernia...Trials of CBD/THC, scopolamine, and vagal nerve stimulation (GammaCore) provided limited benefit...Conclusions Mirtazapine may offer a valuable off-label option for treating refractory nausea related to gastroparesis in PD. Its multimodal serotonergic and noradrenergic effects may enhance gastric motility and antiemetic response where standard agents fail."

CNS Disorders • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Sleep Disorder

Dopamine Bidirectionally Biases Incentive and Aversive Salience in Humans. (PubMed, Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging) - "These drug-induced bidirectional shifts indicate that dopaminergic tone operates as a valence-dependent salience regulator, prioritizing gain- versus loss-predicting cues. Dysregulation of this calibration, as in addiction, may simultaneously amplify cue-triggered "wanting" while blunting sensitivity to adverse consequences, thereby promoting compulsive use despite harm."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Resolving spectral overlaps in Anti-Parkinson drug combinations: a green spectrophotometric approach for entacapone determination. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "A selective and eco-friendly spectrophotometric approach was developed for the quantitative determination of entacapone (ENT) in the presence of its co-formulated drugs carbidopa (CAR) and levodopa (LEV) which exhibit severe spectral overlap...In addition, the environmental impact of the developed methods was comprehensively evaluated using multiple greenness assessment tools such as Analytical Eco-Scale, NEMI, GAPI, and AGREE tools confirming their excellent sustainability profile. In conclusion, the developed spectrophotometric methods provide a simple, accurate, precise, and green alternative for determining entacapone in the presence of spectral similar compounds without the need for separation or sophisticated instrumentation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Evidence Based on Sleep Disorder Exacerbating Postoperative Pain via Kynureninase. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "Furthermore, in preclinical models, carbidopa treatment effectively reduced both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We conclude that the upregulated expression of KYNU is associated with the exacerbation of postoperative pain due to sleep deprivation and identified the compound carbidopa as possessing significant analgesic potential."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Neuralgia • Pain • Sleep Disorder • KYNU

CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSION OF FOSLEVADOPA/FOSCARBIDOPA) FOR PEOPLE WITH ADVANCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A REAL WORLD SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE. (ADPD 2026) - "Aims: Continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa a novel treatment of severe motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease(1). We demonstrate the initial "real world" experience with a novel CSCI for PD in a single center in Ireland. Dosing rates differ in the majority from the initial calculated dose. Common reasons for discontinuation are skin site reactions and neuropsychatric side effects."

Clinical • Metastases • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

[18F]F-DOPA Imaging in Patients With Autonomic Failure (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=40 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Daniel Claassen | Trial completion date: Feb 2026 ➔ Feb 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2026 ➔ Feb 2027

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Lewy Body Disease • Movement Disorders • Multiple System Atrophy • Parkinson's Disease

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-Parkinson drugs in geriatric patients : Key for optimization of treatment (PubMed, Z Gerontol Geriatr) - "The decarboxylase inhibitors benserazide and carbidopa possess different t1/2...Absorption and elimination of entacapone and opicapone are similar to levodopa...Rasagiline and selegiline are irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B. Therefore, in spite of their short t1/2 they are dosed once daily...Clinically established dopamine agonists activate D1/D5 dopamine motor receptors less strongly than the dopaminergic receptors of D2/D3/D4group. This is a probable reason for their numerous adverse effects particularly in older people with Parkinson's disease."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Geriatric Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease in the outpatient clinic of a regional hospital in Peru. (PubMed, Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica) - "All received tablets with 250 mg of levodopa and 25 mg of carbidopa...The most frequent non-motor symptoms were anxiety (93.2%), depression (88.6%), and mild cognitive impairment (>60%). These findings highlight the opportunity to optimize the treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies focused on improving the quality of life of PD patients residing in the Arequipa region."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Bioequivalence of Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa continuous subcutaneous infusion to arm, thigh, or flank versus abdomen in healthy and advanced Parkinson's disease individuals. (PubMed, Clin Park Relat Disord) - P1 | "The pharmacokinetics of levodopa and carbidopa demonstrated that the abdomen, arm, thigh, and flank are interchangeable sites for CSCI of LDp/CDp. There were no concerning patterns of adverse events."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Effects of Dopaminergic therapy with levodopa (L-DOPA) on fear and Anxiety-Related circuits and symptoms in patients with depression and higher inflammation. (PubMed, Brain Behav Immun) - "Leveraging data from our studies in medically-stable, unmedicated adults with a primary MDD diagnosis, we tested the hypothesis that acute (250 mg; Study 1, n = 30) and sub-chronic (150-450 mg/day/week; Study 2, n = 18) L-DOPA (administered with carbidopa) versus placebo would increase right amygdala-vmPFC resting state (rs)FC (using a targeted, a priori approach) in patients with higher (but not lower) inflammation, in relation to comorbid anxiety and PTSD symptoms...Similarly, L-DOPA decreased PSTD symptom severity versus placebo across all four PSTD symptom clusters (B-E) in patients with significant PTSD symptoms at baseline (n = 11; all p < 0.05), with right amygdala-vmPFC rsFC responses to L-DOPA versus placebo negatively correlating with improved Intrusion symptoms (r = -0.81, p < 0.05). These findings suggest a role for DA in the effects of inflammation on fear and anxiety-related circuits and symptoms, while supporting the use of right amygdala-vmPFC rsFC..."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Inflammation • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • CRP

Serotonin modulates lineage plasticity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer via epigenetic reprogramming. (PubMed, Cancer Discov) - "Mechanistically, high level of intracellular serotonin promotes histone serotonylation at H3K4me3Q5, reconfiguring the H3K4me3 chromatin landscape and downstream gene expression, which drives induced NE differentiation and is associated with suppressed androgen receptor signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis using the FDA-approved DDC inhibitor carbidopa significantly impairs tumor growth and prolongs survival in both genetically engineered and patient-derived xenograft models, highlighting histone serotonylation as a druggable vulnerability in NEPC."

Journal • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • SLC6A4

Baseline AHR expression shapes immune response to pharmacological modulation in PBMCs from pancreatic cancer patients. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with PDAC and healthy donors were isolated and treated ex vivo with two AHR agonists (Carbidopa and Tapinarof) and one antagonist (BAY 2416964). Baseline AHR expression critically shapes the immune response to pharmacological modulation in PBMCs from PDAC patients. These findings suggest that AHR profiling may serve as a clinically relevant biomarker for stratifying patients and guiding personalized immunotherapy approaches for PDAC."

IO biomarker • Journal • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma • Solid Tumor • AHR • IL10 • PD-1 • PD-L1

High-dose carbidopa achieves sustained levodopa pharmacokinetics and efficacy in Parkinson's disease models. (PubMed, J Pharm Pharmacol) - "High-dose carbidopa co-administration is a promising approach to achieve sustained clinical efficacy of levodopa while mitigating the risk of motor complications."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Evaluating dispensing patterns of Parkinson's medications from 2012 to 2024 in Australia: insights from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme concessional database. (PubMed, J Prim Health Care) - "The findings highlighted a preference for Levodopa-based therapies, combined with Benserazide or Carbidopa, and suggest shifts in prescription patterns. By identifying the dispensing patterns of Parkinson's medication, the study contributes to developing treatment trends for further analysis of these medications' distribution and consumption."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

L-dopa induced iron accumulation in the ventral midbrain: the roles of sex and iron repletion (Neuroscience 2025) - "Vehicle (0.1% ascorbic acid), carbidopa+L-DOPA (5/20 mg/kg), or selegiline (0.3mg/kg) was administered via subcutaneous injection in all groups. These findings suggest that L-DOPA administration under iron-depleted-repleted conditions disrupts iron homeostasis by promoting iron uptake and reducing iron storage capacity, particularly in males. This sex-specific vulnerability to iron accumulation highlights the need for personalized PD therapies that consider both iron status and biological sex."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • GFAP • TFRC

Docking-MD Polypharmacy Screening Study of Loop D of Human Aquaporin 1 (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "The results necessitate experimental validation but could represent new adjunctive options in the treatment of some cancers and compounds to avoid in peritoneal dialysis. The best docked position of famotidine (A), carbidopa (B), lisinopril (C), and bendroflumethiazide (D) with loop D of human AQP1."

AQP1

ENHANCEMENT OF STROKE REHABILITATION WITH LEVODOPA – SIX-MONTH RESULTS FROM THE ESTREL TRIAL (WSC 2025) - "A total of 610 participants were enrolled within 7 days of stroke onset and randomized to receive either levodopa (100 mg) and carbidopa (25 mg) or placebo, three times daily for 39 days, alongside standardized rehabilitation...Six-month outcome data are now available and will be presented at the conference.ConclusionsThe ESTREL trial is of high impact due to its potential to establish levodopa as an adjunctive treatment in stroke rehabilitation, addressing a critical gap in current stroke recovery strategies. If positive results are observed, it may lead to significant improvements in patient outcomes and rehabilitation practices."

Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Hematological Disorders