SPX-106T / Dominari Holdings - LARVOL DELTA

Combined proteomics and transcriptomics analysis of Lactococcus lactis under different culture conditions. (PubMed, J Dairy Sci) - "Low pH may be beneficial to homofermentation of L. lactis, which may also metabolize galactose through the tagatose pathway and the Leloir pathway. Fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly downregulated under calcium ion and palmitic acid. The purine metabolism was upregulated under fructose treatment and downregulated under palmitic acid treatment."

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Using galactitol dehydrogenase coupled with water-forming NADH oxidase for efficient enzymatic synthesis of L-tagatose. (PubMed, N Biotechnol) - "Compared with the current chemical and biocatalytic methods, the strategy developed avoids by-product formation and achieves the highest yield of L-tagatose with low costs. It is expected to become a cleaner and more promising route for industrial biosynthesis of L-tagatose."

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Biocatalytic Synthesis of D-Allulose Using Novel D-Tagatose 3-Epimerase From Christensenella minuta. (PubMed, Front Chem) - "The 500 g/L D-fructose, which corresponded to 30% conversion rate. With these interesting catalytic properties, this enzyme could be a promising candidate for industrial biocatalytic applications."

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1H NMR metabolic phenotyping of Dipterocarpus alatus as a novel tool for age and growth determination. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "We found that decreasing levels of certain metabolites including tagatose, 1'kestose and 2'-fucosyllactose exhibited the promising patterns. In conclusion, panel metabolites involved in the sucrose biosynthesis can precisely determine the age and growth of Dipterocarpus alatus."

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Dual-Enzyme Metal Hybrid Crystal for Direct Transformation of Whey Lactose into a High-Value Rare Sugar D-Tagatose: Synthesis, Characterization, and a Sustainable Process. (PubMed, ACS Biomater Sci Eng) - "Therefore, the developed hybrid system was observed to be efficiently reused more than 5 times in a batch level conversion. Hence, the developed dual-enzyme-based hybrid crystal provides a platform for direct transformation of whey lactose into rare sugar D-tagatose."

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Engineered Bacillus subtilis harbouring gene of d-tagatose 3-epimerase for the bioconversion of d-fructose into d-psicose through fermentation. (PubMed, Enzyme Microb Technol) - "After optimizing the fermentation conditions of the recombinant strain, the yield of d-psicose reached up to 4.56 g/L, representing an over 8-fold increase in the yield compared to unoptimized conditions, with a d-fructose conversion rate of 56.26 % when the strain was cultured at 35 ℃ for 24 h with 5 g/L d-fructose and 5 mM of Mn. In addition, 30 g of wasted apple hydrolysate were fermented by engineered B. subtilis and gained 7.76 g/L of d-psicose at a conversion rate of 25.86 % (w/w)."

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Use of Metabolomic Profiling to Understand Variability in Adiposity Changes Following an Intentional Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults. (PubMed, Nutrients) - "Change in the VAT mass was significantly associated with the baseline abundance of α-aminoadipate (p = 0.0007) and an additional mass spectrometry peak that may represent D-fructose, myo-inositol, mannose, α-D-glucose, allose, D-galactose, D-tagatose, or L-sorbose (p = 0.0001). This hypothesis-generating study reflects the potential of metabolomic biomarkers for the development of personalized dietary interventions."

Clinical • Journal • Obesity

Naturally occurring rare sugars are free radical scavengers and can ameliorate endoplasmic reticulum stress. (PubMed, Int J Vitam Nutr Res) - "Treatment of cells with 5.5 or 27.5 mM of D-allulose, D-allose, D-sorbose and D-tagatose reduced SO generation (all p < 0.05)...However, unlike other three rare sugars, D-sorbose did not inhibit tunicamycin-induced eIF2α phosphorylation. Naturally occurring rare sugars are free radical scavengers and can reduce ER stress."

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Site specific mutations of GalR affect galactose metabolism in Streptococcus pneumoniae. (PubMed, J Bacteriol) - "We have shown that both the Leloir and tagatose-6-phosphate pathways are necessary for pneumococcal growth in galactose, and demonstrate GalR-mediated interplay between the two pathways. Moreover, the three putative phosphorylation sites in the transcriptional regulator GalR play a critical role in galactose metabolism and are important for pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx, middle ear and lungs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

A Preliminary Study on Metabolome Profiles of Buffalo Milk and Corresponding Mozzarella Cheese: Safeguarding the Authenticity and Traceability of Protected Status Buffalo Dairy Products. (PubMed, Molecules) - "The same was observed for mozzarella samples with the proportion of some metabolites (talopyranose, 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate, etc.,) higher in PDO samples while others (tagatose, lactic acid dimer, ribitol, etc.,) higher in non-PDO samples. The findings establish the utility of GC-MS together with mass spectral libraries as a powerful technology platform to determine the authenticity, and create market protection, for "Mozzarella di Bufala Campana.""

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High resolution and high throughput analytical methods for d-tagatose and process related impurities using capillary electrophoresis. (PubMed, Anal Biochem) - "At these optimum conditions, good separation between the sugars is achieved in less than 20 min for high resolution and less than 4 min for high throughput methods. The developed methodology is validated as per ICHQ2R1 guide lines and successfully applied for monitoring d-tagatose during the enzymatic conversion of Lactose/d-galactose to d-tagatose and also to determine the unknown amounts of d-tagatose in crystallized samples and further, it is used in identifying the d-tagatose in fruits."

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L-Xylo-3-hexulose, a new rare sugar produced by the action of acetic acid bacteria on galactitol, an exception to Bertrand Hudson's rule. (PubMed, Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj) - "Bertrand Hudson's rule is a well-known theory in polyhydric alcohols oxidation by PQQ-dependent membrane-bound dehydrogenase in acetic acid bacteria. In this study, galactitol oxidation by a PQQ-dependent membrane-bound dehydrogenase represents an exception to the Bertrand Hudson's rule. Further identification of the associated enzymes and deciphering the explicit enzymatic mechanism will prove this theory."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

Non-nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "There is inconclusive evidence of very low certainty regarding the effects of NNS consumption compared with either sugar, placebo, or nutritive low-calorie sweetener consumption on clinically relevant benefit or harm for HbA1c, body weight, and adverse events in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Data on health-related quality of life, diabetes complications, all-cause mortality, and socioeconomic effects are lacking."

Journal • Review • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

D-Tagatose Effectively Reduces the Number of Streptococcus mutans and Oral Bacteria in Healthy Adult Subjects: A Chewing Gum Pilot Study and Randomized Clinical Trial. (PubMed, Acta Med Okayama) - "However, S. mutans was significantly reduced in volunteers chewing gum containing both D-Tagatose and xylitol. Thus, D-Tagatose inhibited the growth of S. mutans and many types of oral bacteria, indicating that D-Tagatose intake may help prevent dental caries, periodontitis, and many oral diseases."

Clinical • Journal • Dental Disorders • Periodontitis

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of metabolites in commercial and inoculated pickles. (PubMed, J Sci Food Agric) - "The CPs and IPs had different flavor characteristics, especially in the composition and content of volatile components, and the inoculation method reflected some fermentation advantages, which could reduce the bitterness and increase umami and obtain a higher score of sensory preference. This will be helpful for industrial production."

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[VIRTUAL] Surpassing thermodynamic, kinetic, and stability barriers to biocatalytic isomerization of galactose to tagatose (ACS-Fall 2020) - "This is among the highest conversions and productivities reported to date for tagatose production using a mesophilic enzyme. Such an approach is expected to be applicable to other biocatalytic systems where similar trade-offs between kinetics, thermodynamics, and/or stability pose hurdles to process development."

Diabetes

The rare sugar D-tagatose protects plants from downy mildews and is a safe fungicidal agrochemical. (PubMed, Commun Biol) - "D-Tagatose 6-phosphate sequentially inhibits phosphomannose isomerase, causing a reduction in D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate, common substrates for glycolysis, and in D-mannose 6-phosphate, needed to synthesize mannan and related products. These chain-inhibitory effects on metabolic steps are significant enough to block initial infection and structural development needed for reproduction such as conidiophore and conidiospore formation of downy mildew."

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Characteristics of a fructose 6-phosphate 4-epimerase from Caldilinea aerophila DSM 14535 and its application for biosynthesis of tagatose. (PubMed, Enzyme Microb Technol) - "The K and V values of GatZ using fructose 6-phosphate as substrate were 5.66 mM and 0.0329 mmol/L min, respectively. An in vitro multi-enzyme system containing GatZ was constructed, and 1.75 g/L tagatose was produced from 5 g/L maltodextrin after 10 h. This biosystem could potentially enrich the application of C4 epimerases in rare sugar bioproduction."

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Expression and characterization of L-arabinose isomerase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus for improved activity under acidic condition. (PubMed, Protein Expr Purif) - "A low-calorie sugar-substituting sweetener, D-tagatose, can be produced by L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) from the substrate D-galactose...Thus, the improvement of activity at pH 6.0 is probably caused by the change in the binding pocket area involving residue 234. This study offers insight into the importance of residue 234 in improving the activity under acidic conditions."

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Influence of sodium chloride on growth and metabolic reprogramming in nonprimed and haloprimed seedlings of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). (PubMed, Protoplasma) - "The candidate metabolites were aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-asparagine, DL-isoleucine, L-homoserine, citrulline, L-ornithine, D-altrose, D-allose, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, fructose, tagatose, sucrose, D-glucose, maltose, glycerol-1-phosphate, D-sorbitol, benzoic acid, shikimic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, arbutin, succinic acid, pipecolic acid, fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, oxalic acid, glyceric acid, maleamic acid, adenine, guanosine, lauric acid, stearic acid and porphine...Overall, we report, for the first time, 35 contributory candidate compounds that constituted core fundamental metabolome invoking salinity tolerance in nonprimed and haloprimed blackgram. These metabolites may be targeted by biotechnologists to produce high vigour salt-tolerant transgenic blackgram via genetic engineering."

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Physical Properties and Consumer Evaluation of Cocoa Bean Shell-Functionalized Biscuits Adapted for Diabetic Consumers by the Replacement of Sucrose with Tagatose. (PubMed, Foods) - "Finally, the biscuits were evaluated by performing a consumer acceptance evaluation, and their perceptible sensorial differences were studied by performing a Napping sensory characterization. CBS-based biscuits represent an interesting possibility for cocoa by-product revalorization, although an optimized recipe is recommended, especially when employing tagatose."

Journal • Diabetes

[VIRTUAL] PHOSPHORYLATION OF GALR IS CRITICAL FOR GALACTOSE METABOLISM IN STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE (ISPPD 2020) - "The pneumococcus possesses two functional pathways for galactose metabolism, the Leloir and the Tagatose-6-phosphate (T6P) pathways... We have shown the GalR phosphorylation sites S317 and T319 play an essential role in the utilisation and regulation of galactose metabolism in the pneumococcus. Further, we have shown for the first time that the Leloir and T6P pathways are linked, with both pathways potentially regulated by GalR. RNAseq will now provide greater insight into this link and the wider role of GalR in carbohydrate metabolism."

Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Ribose-5-phosphate isomerases: characteristics, structural features, and applications. (PubMed, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol) - "In recent years, Rpi has received considerable attention as a multipurpose biocatalyst for production of rare sugars, including D-allose, L-rhamnulose, L-lyxose, and L-tagatose...Furthermore, structural features, catalytic mechanism, and molecular modifications of Rpis are summarized based on extensive crystal structure research. Additionally, the applications of Rpi in rare sugar production and the role of Rpi in trypanocidal drug design are reviewed.Key points• Fundamental properties of various ribose-5-phosphate isomerases (Rpis).• Differences in crystal structure and catalytic mechanism between RpiA and RpiB.• Application of Rpi as a rare sugar producer and a potential drug target."

Journal • Review

Preparation of CLEAs and magnetic CLEAs of a recombinant l-arabinose isomerase for d-tagatose synthesis. (PubMed, Enzyme Microb Technol) - "The best results were achieved when the m-CLEA was produced with 20 mg of MNP, 7.69 U. g of enzymatic activity, 7.61 % of recovered activity, 99 % of yield of immobilization. On the other hand, the enzyme immobilized onto MNP-APTES, presented only 2.12 U. g of enzymatic activity, 32.3 % of recovered activity, and 15 % of yield of immobilization."

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Stabilization of immobilized L-arabinose isomerase for the production of D-tagatose from D-galactose. (PubMed, Biotechnol Prog) - "Immobilized derivatives subjected to both treatments were used for the bioconversion of 18 g/L D-galactose to D-tagatose at 80°C in a packed bed reactor in three repeated cycles and showed a better operational stability compared to literature data. This study shows that a post-immobilization stabilization treatment with glutaraldehyde and ethylenediamine can stabilize the multi-subunit structure of an enzyme immobilized on a metal-chelate epoxy support with an increase of its operational stability, results that are not easily achievable with the sole immobilization on epoxy or metal chelate-epoxy supports in the case of complex multimeric enzymes with geometric incongruence with the support."

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