nimodipine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

An all-optical platform for naturalistic visual information encoding and decoding in in vitro biological neural networks (Neuroscience 2026) - "Preliminary pharmacological experiments suggest that blocking NMDA receptors (D-AP5), L-type calcium channels (Nimodipine), and GABA-B receptors (CGP55845) reduces stimulus decoding accuracy and modified Z-score separability analysis, indicating these pathways contribute to stimulus information retention. This all-optical BNN platform provides a framework for spatiotemporal biocomputing with naturalistic sensory inputs and a tool for probing the pharmacological mechanisms underlying biological information processing, contributing toward OI systems."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Ion Channel Mechanisms Regulating Frequency-Current Relationship and Exercise Endurance in Rat Spinal Motoneurons (Neuroscience 2026) - "Riluzole (2 μM) reduced slope. Swim tests demonstrated that intraperitoneal nimodipine (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced time to exhaustion, whereas Bay K8644 (2 mg/kg) prolonged it. Collectively, MN firing frequency is differentially modulated by potassium, sodium, and calcium channels, with calcium channels playing a dominant role in regulating exercise endurance, highlighting them as key targets for motor function modulation."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Blockade of persistent inward currents does not affect spinal motor unit activity during voluntary muscle contractions in rodents (Neuroscience 2026) - "In five animals tested thus far, no significant change (p = 0.52) was observed in motor unit firing rates following nimodipine injection (mean ± SD, pre-nimodipine: 20.5 ± 6.2 Hz, post-nimodipine: 22.2 ± 7.4 Hz). The most straightforward interpretation of these preliminary findings is that PICs play little role during normal voluntary contractions under low stress conditions."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity in the mouse auditory cortex (Neuroscience 2026) - "To identify the molecular mediators of this plasticity, we pharmacologically blocked L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs) during the baseline and induction period using bath application of nimodipine and D-APV, respectively...This is also observed with hippocampal BTSP (Bittner et al. Science 2017), and we have determined that LTCCs and NMDARs are required for cortical BTSP induction."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Nimodipine Attenuates Paclitaxel- and Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice (Neuroscience 2026) - "This interaction was supported by high-performance liquid chromatography and siRNA knockdown experiments, indicating that ENT1 inhibition contributes to its antinociceptive effects, likely through modulation of adenosine signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that nimodipine produces robust, dose-dependent analgesia in neuropathic pain models and highlight ENT1 inhibition as a previously underrecognized mechanism, supporting its potential repurposing as a therapy for neuropathic pain."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Neuralgia • Pain • Peripheral Neuropathic Pain • SLC29A1

Engineering iNSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Fused with Platelet Membranes for Ischemic Stroke Therapy (Neuroscience 2026) - "Inspired by platelets' natural targeting of injured vasculature, we developed a platelet membrane (PM)-decorated, Nimodipine (NIM)-loaded induced neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (PM-EV-NIM) for ischemic stroke therapy. PM was obtained via freeze-thaw cycles; iNSC-EV was isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by bio-TEM, DLS, and WB... PM-EV-NIM offers significant translational potential by enhancing targeted drug delivery and providing multimodal treatment, offering promising new strategies for ischemic stroke management."

CNS Disorders • ITGB3 • PDGFRB

Coordination of CaMKII binding at NMDARs and L-Type Calcium Channels Supports Excitation-Transcription Coupling (Neuroscience 2026) - "The longevity of pCaMKII in dendritic spines is abbreviated when LTCC gating is blocked with nimodipine...We are testing a scenario that features a molecular handoff of CaMKII from GluN2B-CTD to CaV1-NTD, facilitated by Ser1303 phosphorylation. This would enable convergence of glutamate signals that activate NMDARs and depolarization that triggers LTCCs, appropriate to support E-T coupling and BTSP."

CNS Disorders • GRIN2B

Pharmacokinetic Variability of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Calcium Channel Blockers: A Comparative Analysis of Exposure Data from Clinical Studies. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Among DOACs, edoxaban exhibited the lowest PK variability, whereas dabigatran showed the highest. CCBs demonstrated a broad variability spectrum, ranging from predictable agents (amlodipine and felodipine) to highly variable compounds (nisoldipine, isradipine, nimodipine, diltiazem, and verapamil)... These findings suggest that fixed-dose strategies may not be universally appropriate for DOACs and CCBs, particularly in high-risk subgroups where altered exposure may lead to sub- or supratherapeutic concentrations and compromise clinical outcomes. Therefore, clinicians should avoid evaluating individual risk factors in isolation and instead consider the patient's complete profile when selecting and adjusting pharmacotherapy."

Journal • PK/PD data

Adropin Reduces Early Brain Injury and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Mouse Model. (PubMed, J Am Heart Assoc) - "Adropin confers robust neurovascular protection after severe SAH when administered within a clinically relevant early therapeutic window. These findings highlight adropin as a promising candidate for mitigating endothelial dysfunction, vasospasm, and long-term neurological deficits following SAH, with timing of intervention playing a critical role in therapeutic efficacy."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Psychiatry • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Thrombosis • Vascular Neurology • NOS3 • OCLN

Early dexmedetomidine and postoperative RASS-defined examinability after microsurgical clipping for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a time-resolved 24-h landmark cohort study. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "After microsurgical clipping for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), sedation should preserve neurological examinability without compromising hemodynamics or nimodipine delivery. Its descriptive concentration during 24-48 h was not confirmed by the formal interaction test and remains hypothesis-generating, with bradycardia as the principal trade-off. The findings remain vulnerable to confounding by indication and do not establish a drug-specific causal effect or downstream clinical benefit."

Journal • Retrospective data • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Monotropein alleviates neuroinflammation in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis: an integrated in vivo and in silico analysis. (PubMed, 3 Biotech) - "Animals were distributed into five arrays: Control, I/R-alone, I/R + Nimodipine (ND, 1.4 mg/kg bw), I/R + MT (40 mg/kg bw), and MT (40 mg/kg bw) alone...In silico molecular docking demonstrated robust binding affinities of MT for target proteins, with docking scores of -8.5 kcal/mol (JNK), -7.4 kcal/mol (CARD), -7.1 kcal/mol (NLRP3), -5.8 kcal/mol (p38), and - 4.2 kcal/mol (NF-κB), reaching Induced Fit Docking scores of -9.4 kcal/mol (JNK) and - 8.7 kcal/mol (CARD). Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations confirmed high complex stability (RMSD/RMSF analysis) and persistent hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions throughout the simulation trajectory."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • BCL2 • CASP3 • IL6 • NLRP3 • TNFA

Effect of Intravenous Nimodipine-Induced Controlled Hypotension on Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=124 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University

New trial • CNS Disorders • Hypotension

Transcriptomic integration reveals immune heterogeneity in vascular dementia and identifies ELF2 as a candidate therapeutic target. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Molecular docking analysis suggested strong binding affinities between ELF2 and nicergoline (-7.23 kcal/mol), nimodipine (-6.92 kcal/mol), and donepezil (-6.29 kcal/mol). This integrative transcriptomic study reveals disrupted immune balance and neuroglial-vascular cell homeostasis in vascular dementia, and prioritizes ELF2 as a candidate regulator associated with immune heterogeneity in VaD."

Heterogeneity • Journal • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Solid Tumor • CD4

Perioperative Intravenous Nimodipine Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=40 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University of Ioannina | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 ➔ Dec 2026

Trial primary completion date • Anesthesia • Pain

Nimodipine in catheter flush solutions is associated with reduced vasospasm risk in endovascular stroke treatment. (PubMed, J Neurointerv Surg) - P | "Use of nimodipine in catheter FS is associated with a lower risk of vasospasm and improved functional outcomes. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings."

Clinical • Journal • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

SPARC-Targeted ZnS/BSA Nanoparticles For Multi-Mechanistic Mitigation of Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "In a rat SAH model, ZnS/BSA NPs significantly improved learning, memory, and motor function, outperforming nimodipine. This work highlights SPARC as a viable druggable target and represents a "targeted, multi-mechanistic" nanotherapeutic paradigm for EBI after SAH."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Inflammation • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Vascular Neurology • CASP3 • NLRP3

Refractory Vasoplegia Following Nimodipine Administration in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Series. (PubMed, J Pharm Pract) - "Mild to moderate hypotension requiring vasopressor support should be expected. In cases of refractory vasoplegia resulting in cardiovascular collapse, we recommend cessation of nimodipine and treating as calcium channel blocker toxicity along with the use of nitric oxide scavengers given nimodipine's mechanism of action and the mechanism of vasoplegia."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Critical care • Hematological Disorders • Hypotension • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Preliminary Exploration on Melatonin-Mediated Protective Effects in Intracranial Aneurysms: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Profiling of Cerebral Vascular Tissues Combined with in vivo Animal Experiments. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, IA model, IA model+MLT, and IA model+nimodipine groups...Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggest that Npy may be a key molecule in regulating IA progression and mediating MLT therapeutic effects, and its potential value is further supported by our immunohistochemical validation results. Multi-omics integrative analysis preliminarily revealed that the potential mechanisms of MLT may involve the regulation of inflammatory response, vascular remodeling, extracellular matrix remodeling, neuropeptide activity, oxidative stress, metabolic pathways, and post-transcriptional/translational regulation."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Vascular Neurology • ELANE

Rare circle of Willis variants associated with multiple intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This is the first documented case report from Syria, and possibly the first ever, detailing such Circle of Willis variants associated with cerebral aneurysms. It underscores the need for further studies exploring the relationship between the type of variants and the number and size of cerebral aneurysms, which is important for a better understanding of the epidemiology of cerebral aneurysms."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Pain • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Vascular Neurology

Cerebral Vasospasm After Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas)) - "This paper presents key characteristics and differences between tSAH and aSAH, available diagnostic approaches, and treatment options, including nimodipine, milrinone, and stellate ganglion block. Owing to the lack of specific clinical guidelines for tSAH, current management strategies often rely on recommendations and experiences from aSAH. Further research is needed to better define risk factors for vasospasm following tSAH, optimize diagnostic pathways, and evaluate targeted treatment strategies."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Vascular Neurology

Intra-arterial nimodipine and outcomes in delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. (PubMed, Brain Spine) - "However, mortality did not differ significantly between single and repeated IAN groups. Earlier treatment was not associated with improved outcomes."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Pharmacological interventions targeting cognition and related clinical outcomes in vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Pharmacol) - "Galantamine and memantine showed small short-term cognitive effects; EGb 761® suggested a fragile, very low-certainty signal; patient-important benefits remain uncertain."

Clinical • Clinical data • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia

Intravenous Milrinone for Refractory Cerebral Vasospasm in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (ASA 2026) - "Despite standard oral nimodipine, hypervolemia and hypertensive augmentation, her neurological status declined further post-embolization. After 72 hours, she experienced significant neurological recovery (GCS 15) and stabilized cerebral perfusion on transcranial doppler. This case demonstrates milrinone's efficacy as a potent rescue option for managing severe vasospasm when conventional interventions are unsuccessful."

Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Development and validation of a comprehensive prognostic model for 28-day ICU mortality in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: an analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database. (PubMed, J Clin Neurosci) - "Our ICU 28-day mortality prognosis model demonstrated robust performance in predicting ICU 28-day mortality in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The model, through the nomogram, provides individualized risk assessment, aiding clinical decision-making and patient stratification."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

TEAD1 Knockdown Ameliorates Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction in Rats and Is Associated With Modulation of Calcium Signaling-Mediated Contractile Machinery. (PubMed, Drug Dev Res) - "The calcium channel blocker Nimodipine could reverse the improvement of erectile function in DMED rats and the transformation of CCSMC phenotype caused by TEAD1 knockdown. TEAD1 knockdown promotes the transformation of CCSMCs from a synthetic to a contractile phenotype and is associated with modulation of calcium signaling-mediated contractile machinery, contributing to the relief of DMED."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Erectile Dysfunction • Metabolic Disorders • TEAD1