nimodipine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Phase 1, randomized, crossover study comparing intravenous GTX-104 to oral nimodipine in healthy human subjects. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The average oral bioavailability for nimodipine capsules was 7%. These results enabled a Phase 3 safety study of GTX-104 in humans with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage."

Clinical • Journal • P1 data • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Unraveling NAGMA: A Case Series of Intravenous Nimodipine-Induced Metabolic Acidosis in Neuro-ICU Patients. (PubMed, Asian J Neurosurg) - "This phenomenon was later corroborated in a similar case from another hospital. The case highlights the importance of pharmacovigilance, postmarketing surveillance, and regulatory oversight in identifying rare drug-related adverse events, particularly in high-acuity settings like NICU."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Critical care • Hematological Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Vascular Neurology

Vasospasm During Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: Associated Factors, Impact on Outcomes, and the Effect of Intraarterial Nimodipine. (PubMed, Stroke) - "Younger patients who are active smokers, presenting with distal occlusions, and require multiple recanalization attempts are at higher risk. Intraarterial nimodipine appears to be a sensible treatment as it may mitigate neurological deterioration without signals of potential harm."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Ischemic stroke

Recurrent severe headache with a background of functional vomiting and normal brain MRI, in paediatric reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Sumatriptan had made his headaches worse...Results After the diagnosis of RCVS, he was started on oral Nimodipine and his headaches events reduce in frequency and severity to once a day...RCVS is easily mistaken for status migranosus. Triptan treatment could potentially worsen this condition due to vasoconstriction as part of its mode of action."

Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Migraine • Pain • Pediatrics

Nimodipine Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Glaucoma Management. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Background/Objectives: Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disease that can cause optic nerve damage and irreversible blindness. After a single topical ocular application, NMD-MCS NP eye drops induced a significantly superior effect to Timolol maleate eye drops with regard to the %IOP reduction and duration of action. Evaluation results of NMD-CS NP eye drops show their positive effect in a preclinical animal model as a promising glaucoma therapy."

Journal • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

Impact of cerebral vasospasm therapy on nimodipine exposure in subarachnoid hemorrhage: A population pharmacokinetic study. (PubMed, J Neurol Sci) - "Hemodynamic augmentation therapy per se did not significantly affect [Nimodipine]plasma in contrast to patient's BSA, and, to a clinically irrelevant extent, MAP level."

Journal • PK/PD data • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Calcium blockers protect against sensory epithelial damage and hearing loss in Cx26-cKO mice. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Strikingly, both verapamil- and nimodipine-treated groups demonstrated significant preservation of auditory function and hair cell survival. In summary, our results suggest that calcium blockers may be an important means of protecting hair cells from damage in Cx26-cKO mice, and this protective effect may even be extended to other inner ear disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • Otorhinolaryngology • GJB2

Potential for multidrug combination therapy in patients with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade V subarachnoid hemorrhage. (PubMed, Neurosurg Rev) - "This study aimed to investigate whether any of the drugs currently used in Japan, where nimodipine is not approved, are effective for WFNS grade V SAH patients...Multivariate analyses revealed that pre-onset mRS 1-2, admission modified Fisher grade 4, ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm, acute hydrocephalus, and older age were independently associated with poor outcomes, while combination drug therapy with fasudil hydrochloride (Rho-kinase inhibitor) + cilostazol (phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor) + eicosapentaenoic acid (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) or clazosentan (endothelin receptor subtype A antagonist) + cilostazol was the only independent determinant of good outcomes. The combination drug therapies were also independent inhibitors of delayed cerebral infarction (non-iatrogenic cerebral infarction on computed tomography after SAH), but not of cerebral vasospasm (≥ 50% angiographic vasospasm of a major cerebral artery) and rescue therapy (endovascular..."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Ventriculomegaly

Effects of Huayu Tongluo moxibustion on learning and memory ability and neuronal injury in the hippocampal CA1 region in vascular dementia rats via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway (PubMed, Zhongguo Zhen Jiu) - "The medication group was treated with nimodipine solution (12 mg/kg) via gavage...The Huayu Tongluo moxibustion could enhance learning and memory abilities in VD rats, inhibit excessive activation of microglia, and alleviate neuronal injury in the hippocampal CA1 region. Its mechanism may involve modulation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway, reduction of inflammatory responses."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Oncology • CXCL8 • IL1B • IL6 • NLRP3 • TNFA

Acute ethyl acetate exposure suppresses spontaneous locomotor activity and exploration behaviour and impairs reference memory performance in rats: No evidence to support a role for L-type calcium channels. (PubMed, Toxicol Ind Health) - "However, administration of nimodipine at the given doses did not block these effects of ethyl acetate. The findings suggest that L-type calcium channels may not contribute to the mechanism(s) responsible for the acute toxicity of ethyl acetate in rats regarding their central nervous system depression and memory disturbances although it should be more thoroughly investigated in further studies."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Antinociceptive effect of nimodipine in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (Neuroscience 2025) - "These findings suggest that nimodipine exhibits antinociceptive properties in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. However, further studies using L-type calcium channel blockers as potential therapeutics for PINP needed to be done."

CNS Disorders • Neuralgia • Pain

Continuous intracisternal nimodipine administration as rescue therapy for refractory vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. (PubMed, Acta Neurochir (Wien)) - "Continuous intracisternal administration of nimodipine may be a viable rescue therapy option for patients with refractory CVS but is associated with an increased risk of treatment related complications."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Post-traumatic vasospasm: Epidemiology, specificities, risk factors, and therapeutics. (PubMed, J Intensive Med) - "Treatment options include nimodipine and endovascular therapies, such as angioplasty and milrinone, though these require careful management due to their invasive nature and potential hypotensive effect. Although current strategies, such as nimodipine and intra-arterial therapies, have shown promise, further research is needed to refine these approaches and improve outcomes. Enhanced understanding of PTV's pathophysiology, along with the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools, is essential for advancing patient care in TBI."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Giant Cell Arteritis • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Vascular Neurology

VENLAFAXINE-ASSOCIATED REVERSIBLE CEREBRAL VASOCONSTRICTION SYNDROME MIMICKING MOYAMOYA (WSC 2025) - "She was treated with nimodipine and verapamil; venlafaxine was discontinued. RCVS should be considered in young patients with multifocal stenoses and serotonergic drug use. Prompt diagnosis may prevent irreversible deficits."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Immunology • Musculoskeletal Pain • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology

A CHALLENGING RESISTANT VASOSPASM IN HIGH-GRADE SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (WSC 2025) - "High-dose vasopressors maintained CPPopt (80-100 mmHg), limiting enteral nimodipine administration...Despite milrinone infusion and three endovascular procedures with various techniques including verapamil (figure 1) and angioplasty, vasospasm recurred... Management in differentiated neurocritical care units with multimodal brain monitoring significantly improves functional outcomes in aSAH. This case demonstrates the effective management of refractory vasospasm through a patient-centered, multimodal approach."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND STATUS EPILEPTICUS IN A 19-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE (CHEST 2025) - "Of note, the patient's SCD was being managed with hydroxyurea, folic acid and Oxbryta (voxelotor), a medication used to increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen...A subarachnoid hemorrhage protocol, including nimodipine administration and fluid management to achieve net euvolemia, was initiated... Sickle cell disease predisposes patients to various neurological complications, including subarachnoid hemorrhage, making early diagnosis and timely management essential. This case emphasizes the need for vigilance in managing SCD patients and underscores the importance of ongoing assessment, especially in light of recent drug safety concerns."

Anesthesia • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Migraine • Respiratory Diseases • Sickle Cell Disease • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

QbD-driven RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers in pharmaceuticals. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "A rapid, sensitive, and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers, namely: amlodipine (AML), nifedipine (NIF), lercanidipine (LER), nimodipine (NIM) and nitrendipine (NIT) using Quality by Design approaches (QbD). The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of these drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations, with recovery values ranging from 99.57 to 100.07% and without significant interference from excipients. Greenness and practicality evaluations detected using AGREE, MoGAPI, complex MoGAPI, AGSA, CaFRI, BAGI and CACI tools which were, indicating the method's environmental friendliness and excellent practical applicability for routine pharmaceutical quality control analysis."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Treatment of Therapy-Refractory, Symptomatic Vasospasm in a Radial Artery Bypass Graft With Balloon Angioplasty in a Patient With Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Study. (PubMed, Neurosurg Pract) - "Endovascular balloon PTA should be considered a rescue measure for vasospasm in extracranial-intracranial bypasses, particularly with RA grafts post-SAH. Owing to its muscular structure, the RA graft is especially prone to spasm, potentially compromising graft patency. When pharmacological treatments fail, balloon PTA offers a targeted intervention to restore vessel caliber, stabilizing blood flow and preventing ischemic complications, thus supporting the bypass's long-term success."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Critical care • Hematological Disorders • Ophthalmology • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

From Stroke Suspicion to Genetic Confirmation: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type 2 as a Rare Stroke Mimic With Persistent Hemiplegia. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient improved in consciousness and language after nimodipine therapy but had persistent hemiplegia at discharge...Radiological findings may resemble ischemic stroke, underscoring the importance of comprehensive evaluation. This case highlights the need for increased awareness of FHM2 as a rare but important stroke mimic, and further studies are warranted to clarify optimal therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Ischemic stroke • Migraine • Pain • CACNA1A

Efficacy and safety of balloon Angioplasty and Intra-Arterial calcium channel blockers in the management of Cerebral Vasospasm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Neurosurg Rev) - "Retreatment rates were 26% for nimodipine, 46% for nicardipine, and 45% for verapamil. IA CCBs, particularly nicardipine, offer good clinical and radiological outcomes with lower complication rates but require more frequent retreatments. Further randomized trials are needed to optimize treatment strategies."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

THUNDERCLAP HEADACHE FROM AN UNRUPTURED ANEURYSM: A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA (CHEST 2025) - "The patient had attempted various remedies, including acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketorolac, muscle relaxants, and heating pads, but experienced minimal relief...The patient was started on IV vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and acyclovir and given a one-time dose of dexamethasone...The patient was started on nimodipine for 21 days, leading to the eventual resolution of her symptoms... This report highlights a case of intractable headaches due to vasospasms and micro-hemorrhages from a PCOM aneurysm. Early identification and treatment of unruptured aneurysms are imperative to reduce the risk of more severe complications."

Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Migraine • Mood Disorders • Obesity • Pain • Pneumococcal Infections • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor • Vascular Neurology

A STORM IN THE BRAIN: REVERSIBLE CEREBRAL VASOCONSTRICTION SYNDROME PRESENTING AS INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE: A CASE REPORT (CHEST 2025) - "Kcentra was given for Eliquis reversal...Due to the high suspicion of RCVS, the patient was initiated on Nimodipine 60mg every 6 day for 1 week, 60mg every 8 hrs/day for the next week, 60mg twice daily for the following week, and 60mg once a day for last week, with improvement in her symptoms. The patient's home medication, Effexor, was reduced by 50%, given its vasoconstriction properties, and weaned off by the second week... This case indicates it is crucial to include RCVS in the differential diagnosis of sudden-onset headaches and seizures, as treatment is moderately benign. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications of this reversible neurological disease."

Case report • Clinical • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Migraine • Respiratory Diseases • Thrombosis • Vasculitis

A STROKE WITHOUT A SOURCE? UNMASKING VASOSPASM AND ARTERIAL EMBOLIZATION IN ICAD (CHEST 2025) - "Nimodipine was initiated for suspected vasospasm...Given the extensive intracranial atherosclerosis, concurrent vasospasm, and absence of a conventional embolic source, we believe the diffuse vasospasm was secondary to arthroemoblic stroke from the diffuse intracranial atherosclerosis which had precipitated vasospasm, The patient was subsequently initiated on dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) and a high-intensity statin... This case challenges conventional stroke paradigms, demonstrating that diffuse cerebral vasospasm can occur secondary to intracranial atherosclerosis and serve as a trigger for embolic stroke. Recognizing this mechanism is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes."

Atherosclerosis • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage • Thrombosis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Urinary Incontinence • Urology • Vascular Neurology

Severe symptomatic arterial vasospasm following pituitary surgery: a rare case and systematic review of the literature. (PubMed, Pituitary) - "Symptomatic arterial vasospasm after pituitary surgery, though rare, carries a high risk of mortality and long-term disability, making early recognition and aggressive management in high-risk patients essential to improving outcomes."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Oncology • Pituitary Gland Carcinoma • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

CA-074 methyl ester, an inhibitor of cathepsin B, combined with the calcium channel blocker Nimodipine inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviates the lesions of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "As for the NLRP3 protein detected by immunoblotting, the (CA-074Me + Nimodipine) group was significantly lower than that in the control group; The relative expression of Aβ protein in CA-074Me group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In animal experiments on AD transgenic mice, CA-074Me alone or in combination with the calcium channel blocker Nimodipine effectively suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby inhibiting the progression of AD."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • CASP1 • CTSB • IL18 • IL1B • NLRP3