Jardiance (empagliflozin) / Eli Lilly, Lupin, Boehringer Ingelheim - LARVOL DELTA

Association of SGLT2 Inhibitor Use with Glycosuria, Pyuria, Urinary Symptoms, and Significant Urine Culture Positivity in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas)) - " Overall, 108 participants (43.0%) used an SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin, n = 51; empagliflozin, n = 57). The small number of culture-positive events precludes firm conclusions about culture-based outcomes; these analyses are exploratory and do not demonstrate the presence or absence of an association. Glycosuria alone should not be interpreted as an indicator of UTI."

Journal • Observational data • Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Metabolic and Lipoprotein Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Empagliflozin. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " Empagliflozin positively affected serum magnesium, iron metabolism, and inflammatory markers without altering lipoprotein profiles. Further research is needed to elucidate SGLT2i's molecular mechanisms underlying their pleiotropic-cardioprotective effects."

Journal • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • IL6

Empagliflozin shields brain from methotrexate toxicity: Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 activation prevents ferroptosis and chemo-brain in rats. (PubMed, Tissue Cell) - "EMPA mitigates MTX-induced neurotoxicity by re-engaging Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4, limiting iron-dependent lipid peroxidation (tissue iron,4-HNE) and dampening PTGS2/ACSL4-linked ferroptosis alongside inflammatory and apoptotic cascades. These findings support EMPA as a potential adjunct to reduce MTX-related cognitive impairment and warrant evaluation in chronic, clinically relevant regimens."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Inflammation • ACSL4 • BCL2 • CASP3 • CASP9 • GPX4 • PACERR • PTGS2

Preliminary Evaluation of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "In this preliminary study, we assessed the effects of canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin on metabolic activity, cell cycle distributions, migratory behavior, and SGLT2 expression in the human bladder cancer cell line T24. However, these findings do not establish SGLT2-specific mechanisms and were obtained at concentrations exceeding typical clinical plasma exposure. Further target-validation and mechanistic studies are required."

Journal • Bladder Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Rodent Models of Diabetic Nephropathy. (PubMed, Handb Exp Pharmacol) - "Clinical outcome studies have established sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin as nephroprotective agents in diabetic patients. Improvements in female animals tended to be weaker or absent for parameters that were consistently improved in male rodents. Whether this is a peculiarity of the rodent studies or a similar situation exists in diabetic patients remains to be tested."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Fibrosis • Glomerulonephritis • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 prevents sorafenib-induced depression-like behaviors by preserving hippocampal-dependent long-term potentiation. (PubMed, Pharmacol Biochem Behav) - "Co-treatment with empagliflozin effectively prevented these neurological and cellular changes. Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 prevents sorafenib-induced depression-like behaviors and suppresses the decline in synaptic transmission and LTP in the hippocampus, thereby contributing to the antidepressant effects of empagliflozin."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Comparative analysis of serious adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs and complications associated with type II diabetes mellitus. (PubMed, BMC Pharmacol Toxicol) - "Understanding the safety profiles of antidiabetic drugs is essential for optimizing treatment. The observed associations may help inform clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes. However, they should be interpreted as associations rather than causal relationships and warrant further investigation in well-designed prospective studies."

Adverse events • Clinical • Journal • Observational data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Retinal Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

EmpaCKM: Continuous Ketone Monitoring in People With Type 1 Diabetes Using SGLT2 Inhibitors (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=24 | Completed | Sponsor: McGill University | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 ➔ Apr 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 ➔ Apr 2026

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Versus SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Fibrotic MASLD With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Analysis of Hepatic and Mortality Outcomes (ACG 2026) - "Cohort 1 received GLP-1RAs (semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide); Cohort 2 received SGLT-2is (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin)... Post-matching cohorts were balanced (47.4% female, ~69% White). New cirrhosis did not differ significantly (0.11% vs. 0.15%; RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.48â1.13; p=0.16)."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Obesity • Pancreatitis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative Effectiveness of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Metabolic DysfunctionâAssociated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (ACG 2026) - "Fourteen studies comprising approximately 3,200 patients were included. GLP-1 receptor agonists, primarily semaglutide and liraglutide, were associated with greater reductions in liver fat content compared with SGLT2 inhibitors (mean difference â5.8% vs â3.1%), as well as greater weight loss (â8.5% vs â3.2%) and larger reductions in ALT (â18 U/L vs â11 U/L). SGLT2 inhibitors evaluated included empagliflozin and dapagliflozin."

HEOR • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Diagnostic Trap: Refractory Gastritis Mimicking Autoimmune and Eosinophilic Disease Caused by Olmesartan (ACG 2026) - "Medications included olmesartan, amlodipine, atorvastatin, empagliflozin, and cyanocobalamin. F. Post-cessation gastric body with atrophic oxyntic mucosa without evidence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis, mucosal eosinophilia, or intestinal metaplasia."

Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Eosinophilia • Eosinophilic Esophagitis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

SGLT-2 Inhibitors Are Associated With Reduced Hepatic Decompensation and Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis and Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Analysis (ACG 2026) - "Adults with cirrhosis and T2DM receiving dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, or canagliflozin were compared with matched controls receiving furosemide and spironolactone without SGLT2 inhibitor exposure. : After PSM, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significantly lower risk of the composite hepatic decompensation outcome at 3 years (2.3% vs 3.6%; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.49-0.69; p< 0.001). Individual analyses demonstrated lower risks of SBP (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31-0.58; p< 0.001) and peritoneal drainage/paracentesis-related procedures (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.76; p< 0.001). Independent assessment of variceal bleeding was limited by low event counts."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Fibrosis • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Solid Tumor • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Smilax glabra flavonoids ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating PKM2-dependent glycolysis and suppressing AIM2 inflammasome activation. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD for 20 weeks to establish a NASH model and concurrently treated with SGF (30 or 90 mg/kg/day) or empagliflozin (EMPA)...Macrophage PKM2 acts as a key mediator of pathogenic macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk, which is critical for the hepatoprotective effects of SGF against NASH. Overall, our study findings highlight SGF as a promising therapeutic option for this specific population."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Dyslipidemia • Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Obesity • IL1B • LDHA • PKM

Empagliflozin Targets NF-κB Signaling Through PTGS2 and TLR4 in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Drug Repurposing Study and Molecular Simulation. (PubMed, J Xenobiot) - "Empagliflozin showed strong binding affinities for PTGS2 (-9.0 kcal/mol) and TLR4 (-8.8 kcal/mol), while molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated stable protein-ligand complexes throughout the simulation. These findings suggest that empagliflozin may alleviate PCOS-associated inflammation by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB/PTGS2 signaling axis, supporting its potential as a repurposed therapeutic agent for PCOS and providing a foundation for future experimental validation."

Journal • Endocrine Disorders • Inflammation • Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome • IL1B • IL6 • PACERR • PTGS2 • STAT3 • TLR4

Real-World Prescribing Patterns and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin-Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Empagliflozin-based triple FDC therapy was prescribed among Indian patients with T2DM, particularly older adults with cardiometabolic comorbidities. Distinct prescribing patterns and clinical characteristics observed between ESM-25 and ESM-10 therapy may reflect individualized treatment selection in routine clinical practice."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

SGLT2 inhibitors and outcomes in the chronic Post-LVAD phase: a multicenter real-world cohort study. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "SGLT2i exposure (empagliflozin or dapagliflozin) was identified by prescription records. SGLT2i use was associated with lower risks of cardiovascular and kidney events in patients during the chronic post-LVAD phase, without increased adverse events. These findings support further evaluation of SGLT2i as part of long-term management after LVAD."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology

Plain language summary of a publication: the effects of vicadrostat given with or without empagliflozin for treatment of chronic kidney disease. (PubMed, Sage Open Chronic Dis) - "Where can I find more information on CKD? National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US): https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US; Spanish language): https://www.kidney.org/es/kidney-topics/pruebas-para-revisar-la-salud-renal National Kidney Foundation (US): https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd Kidney Care (UK): https://kidneycareuk.org/kidney-disease-information/kidney-conditions/ckd-chronic-kidney-disease/."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

SIDIA: Short-term Effects of an SGLT2 Inhibitor on Divalent Ions in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=16 | Completed | Sponsor: Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden | Recruiting ➔ Completed | N=40 ➔ 16

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease • Genetic Disorders • Nephrology • Polycystic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease

EASi-KIDNEY™ (The Studies of Heart & Kidney Protection With BI 690517 in Combination With Empagliflozin) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=11000 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Boehringer Ingelheim | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Aug 2028 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2028 ➔ Dec 2026

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Phase I/Ib study of inavolisib (INAVO) alone and in combination with endocrine therapy ± palbociclib (PALBO) in patients (pts) with PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (HR+, HER2– LA/mBC): Analysis of hyperglycemia (HG) in prediabetic/obese pts. (ASCO 2025) - P1 | "Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03006172 Background: INAVO, a highly potent and selective PI3Kα inhibitor that also promotes degradation of mutated p110α, is approved by the FDA in combination with PALBO + fulvestrant (FULV) for PIK3CA-mutated, HR+, HER2–, endocrine-resistant advanced BC... Adults ≥ 18 years of age received INAVO alone (Arm A), + letrozole (LET) + PALBO (Arm B), + LET (Arm C), + FULV (Arm D), + FULV + PALBO (Arm E), or + FULV + PALBO + primary prophylactic metformin (Arm F)...The most common anti-HG medications were metformin (52.7%; biguanide; concomitant use in Arm F excluded), empagliflozin (25.5%; SGLT-2 inhibitor), sitagliptin (22.7%; DPP-4 inhibitor), and pioglitazone (13.6%; thiazolidinedione); insulin was used in 8.2% of pts... A high proportion of prediabetic/obese pts were included in GO39374. In most of these pts, HG was manageable with dose interruptions and oral anti-HG medications, most commonly metformin. Data support the use..."

Clinical • Combination therapy • Metastases • P1 data • Breast Cancer • HER2 Breast Cancer • HER2 Negative Breast Cancer • HER2 Positive Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer • Obesity • Oncology • Solid Tumor • HER-2 • PIK3CA

Early versus delayed or no empagliflozin initiation after hospitalisation for heart failure in the United States: A target trial emulation. (PubMed, ESC Heart Fail) - "Early empagliflozin initiation was associated with lower risks of 1-year post-discharge all-cause mortality, worsening HF events, and all-cause hospitalisations compared with delayed or no initiation, and with lower acute care utilisation rates compared with no initiation."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce new-onset heart failure and death after myocardial infarction with a preserved ejection fraction following coronary intervention. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res) - "Among patients with AMI undergoing PCI and preserved LVEF, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significant reduction in new-onset HF events and improved survival outcome."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Myocardial Infarction • TNNI3

Empagliflozin attenuates PTZ-induced neurotoxicity and enhances the protective effects of levetiracetam: associations with NRF2/GPX4 and AMPK/ULK1/ LC3-II signaling. (PubMed, Neurotoxicology) - "EMPA was associated with antiseizure and neuroprotective effects in PTZ-induced kindling epilepsy, particularly when combined with reduced-dose LEV (100mg/kg). These findings suggest that EMPA may represent a promising candidate for further investigation as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in epilepsy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • GPX4 • MAP1LC3B • ULK1

Differential uptake of SGLT2 inhibitors in England following heart failure guideline expansion: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. (PubMed, BMJ Open) - "SGLT2 inhibitor uptake in English primary care has been highly heterogeneous. The marked acceleration in dapagliflozin prescribing from July 2023, against stable background trends for canagliflozin, is temporally consistent with expanded heart failure guideline recommendations. However, several important limitations preclude definitive causal attribution. First, because this study analysed aggregate prescribing data without patient-level indications, we cannot directly attribute observed changes to heart failure rather than to diabetes, chronic kidney disease or other factors. Second, the substantial concurrent reduction in dapagliflozin's NIC (from £1.38 to £0.35 per DDD) represents a competing explanation; exploratory adjustment for NIC attenuated the dapagliflozin estimate by approximately one-third, though this magnitude cannot be interpreted as a causal attribution because NIC may be endogenous. The observation that empagliflozin, which experienced a..."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

EMPOWER: Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in Patients With Euvolemic and Hypervolemic Hyponatremia (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=113 | Completed | Sponsor: University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Renal Disease