Butisol Sodium (butabarbital) / Viatris - LARVOL DELTA

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats normalize renal hemodynamics and oxygen consumption. (PubMed, Ups J Med Sci) - "DL-sulforaphane treatment increased cortical pO2 in diabetics. DL-sulforaphane treatment affects renal hemodynamics, improving cortical oxygen tension but not mitochondrial efficiency."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Chronic Kidney Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • NFE2L2

Elucidation of Degradation Behavior of Barbiturates in Artificial Gastric Juice: Study on Degradability of Drugs in Stomach (V). (PubMed, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)) - "The gastric stability of eight barbiturates (BARs) (barbital, primidone, allobarbital, phenobarbital, cyclobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, and thiobutabarbital (TBB)) was examined in artificial gastric juice using LC/UV detection. Furthermore, the degradation product of TBB was isolated, structurally analyzed, and finally identified as 5-butan-2-yl-5-ethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione, also known as butabarbital. The study elucidated that butabarbital was formed by substituting the sulfur atom of the carbonyl group at the 2-position of TBB with an oxygen atom under acidic condition."

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Analysis of Barbiturates in Urine by LC-MS/MS. (PubMed, Methods Mol Biol) - "This assay detects the presence of nine barbiturate drugs-amobarbital, barbital, butalbital, butabarbital, mephobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and thiopental. Since the frequency at which amobarbital and pentobarbital are observed in clinical populations is low, the shorter LC method helps gain efficiency in a high-volume laboratory environment. Additional features of this protocol that help in efficiency gain are automated extraction using Hamilton™ liquid handling system and algorithmic data review using Ascent™ software."

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Adenosine re-uptake inhibition reduces diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration via the adenosine A2 receptor. (PubMed, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol) - "Pretreatment with the adenosine A2a antagonist ZM241385 prevented intrarenal dilazep-mediated effects on glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction in diabetics. In conclusion, enhancing intrarenal adenosine signaling by dilazep normalizes diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration at least in part by activation of adenosine A2a receptors."

Journal • Anesthesia • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • ADORA2A

Effects of Fumarate on Blood Pressure and Renal Hemodynamics in Normotensive Rats: Possible Contribution of Sodium Potassium Co-transporter (NKCC). (PubMed, FASEB J) - "To determine renal sodium excretory mechanisms involved with fumarate, fumarate (1 mg/kg, po) was administered to normotensive rats treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (10 mg/kg, po) or furosemide (10 mg/kg, po), urine was collected hourly for five (5) hours and assayed for sodium. These data indicate that fumarate and its products elicited vasodilatory effects that reduced blood pressure and exerted vascular and tubular effects on renal hemodynamics. Also, the tubular effects, possibly involves inhibition of sodium potassium co-transporter (NKCC)."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Hypertension

Mice with Brain-Specific Deletion of Hsd11b2 have an impaired renal vascular and tubular response to high salt intake. (PubMed, FASEB J) - "Animals were humanely killed, the renal arteries were isolated and mounted on a wire-myograph to generate cumulative concentration-response curves to phenylephrine and the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside. We find that genetic amplification of mineralocorticoid signalling in the brain attenuates the normal renal vascular and tubular adaptation to high salt intake. This regulation of renal salt excretion by the central nervous system may have implications for salt-sensitive hypertension in humans."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Hypertension

Determinants of renal oxygen metabolism during low Na diet: effect of angiotensin II AT and aldosterone receptor blockade. (PubMed, J Physiol) - "Reducing Na intake reduces the partial pressure of oxygen in the renal cortex and activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In the absence of high blood pressure, these consequences of dietary Na reduction may be detrimental for the kidney. In a normotensive animal experimental model, reducing Na intake for two weeks increased renal oxygen consumption that was normalized by mineralocorticoid receptor blockade. Furthermore, blockade of angiotensin II AT receptor restored cortical partial pressure of oxygen by improving oxygen delivery. This shows that increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system contributes to increased oxygen metabolism in the kidney after two weeks of low Na diet. The results provide insights to dietary Na restriction in the absence of high blood pressure, and its consequences for the kidney."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypertension

Renal oxygenation during the early stages of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. (PubMed, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol) - "Renal expression of HIF-1α was less after 7 days of adenine treatment than after vehicle treatment while expression of HIF-2α did not differ significantly between the two groups.Renal dysfunction was evident after 7 days of adenine treatment, with glomerular filtration rate 65% less and serum creatinine concentration 183% greater in adenine-treated than vehicle-treated rats. Renal cortical tissue hypoxia may not precede renal dysfunction in Ad-CKD, so may not be an early pathological feature in this model."

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