dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods - LARVOL DELTA

Virological and metabolic outcomes after switching to dolutegravir or rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV in Thailand: an open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia) - "We aimed to compare the virological and metabolic outcomes after switching from TDF/FTC/EFV to TDF/3TC/DTG or TDF/FTC plus RPV. This work was supported by The Royal College of Physicians of Thailand, (to R.K.). APC fee was supported by Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University and Mahidol University (to T.N.)."

Head-to-Head • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Virologic outcomes among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, 2018-2024: a comparison retrospective longitudinal analysis. (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health Afr) - "Long-term virologic outcome data of tenofovir fumarate disoproxil-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) versus tenofovir fumarate disoproxil-lamivudine-efavirenz (TLE) from resource-constrained settings remain limited...No specific funding was received for the analysis. HIV program support was provided by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the CDC."

Journal • Retrospective data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Switch to injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine given every 8 weeks in adolescents living with HIV with virological suppression in sub-Saharan Africa (LATA): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, 96-week non-inferiority trial. (PubMed, Lancet) - P3 | "In adolescents with HIV with virological suppression, LAI cabotegravir-rilpivirine was superior to TLD for maintaining virological suppression, with no new safety concerns observed. These findings support LAI cabotegravir-rilpivirine as a maintenance treatment option for this population."

Head-to-Head • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Osteosarcoma • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • Tuberculosis

Outcomes of Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir ART Roll-out in People with HIV-2 in Senegal, West Africa (IDWeek 2026) - No abstract available

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Antiretroviral therapy regimens initiated during pregnancy and risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. (PubMed, AIDS) - "Our observational study findings for the composite outcome were comparable to the IMPAACT 2010/VESTED trial in a real-world programmatic setting and enabled evaluation of additional regimen and broader set of outcomes. In settings where randomized trial data are limited, well designed observational emulations of trials using nonrandomized data can provide informative evidence. As Botswana expands use of TAF in pregnancy, these results provide reassuring evidence supporting its safety."

Adverse events • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Small for Gestational Age

Disseminated mpox with suspected immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a person living with HIV: A case report from South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. (PubMed, IDCases) - "A 42-year-old man from eastern South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with newly diagnosed HIV initiated tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir...A pragmatic management protocol consisting of a 6-week tapered course of oral prednisone, broad-spectrum oral antibiotics (levofloxacin and clindamycin), high-dose acyclovir, and supportive care led to progressive skin healing and clinical recovery while ART was continued...Although definitive confirmation of IRIS was not possible because of limited immunological investigations, the temporal association with ART initiation and the clinical course were consistent with this diagnosis. This case underscores the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, prospective evaluation of adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapies, and strengthened post-discharge community follow-up in resource-limited settings."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Nutritional status and functional capacity among people living with HIV in routine care: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Front Public Health) - "Most participants were receiving tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD)-based therapy (87.7%)...The coexistence of nutritional deficits and excess weight supports routine nutritional assessment within long-term HIV care. Given substantial missing laboratory data, lack of functional-status variability, and extreme sex imbalance, findings should be interpreted primarily as descriptive observations."

Journal • Retrospective data • Genetic Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Obesity • CD4

Longitudinal Hepatic and Metabolic Trajectories Following Dolutegravir Initiation in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Naïve People Living With HIV: A Prospective Cohort Study From South India. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Background Dolutegravir (DTG)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), specifically the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) regimen, is being widely prescribed for the management of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India and other low- and middle-income countries. In contrast, body weight and BMI increased progressively throughout follow-up, suggesting that hepatic and metabolic responses to DTG may follow distinct trajectories. Overall, ALT elevations were predominantly mild and self-limited, indicating favorable hepatic tolerability of DTG-based cART in this cohort while highlighting the need for continued metabolic monitoring."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in people living with HIV: distinct clinical presentations, triggers, and outcomes in three adult cases (AIDS 2026) - " Case 1: 38-year-old with advanced immunosuppression receiving tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TDF/3TC/DTG), presented with acute neurological symptoms, fever, dark urine, and profound anemia...Treatment with high-dose prednisone, rituximab, and paclitaxel resulted in complete clinical and hematologic remission without transfusion. Case 2: 40-year-old with poor ART adherence on TDF/3TC and atazanavir/ritonavir developed transfusion-refractory wAIHA following a self-limited human metapneumovirus pulmonary infection. He exhibited persistent hemolysis with IgG DAT positivity and improved progressively after methylprednisolone pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and ART optimization with darunavir-based therapy... These cases illustrate the heterogeneity, severity, and prognostic variability of AIHA in PLWH. Viral infections and lymphoproliferative disorders emerged as relevant triggers. Early recognition and subtype-specific management are essential, as..."

Clinical • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Diagnostic challenge of human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric Castleman disease in a patient living with HIV disease. (PubMed, BMJ Case Rep) - "He was diagnosed with HIV infection and started on tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir...The patient continued antiretroviral therapy and received rituximab 375 mg/m² every week for four cycles. He achieved complete resolution of the pleural effusions. This case illustrates the variable clinical presentation of HHV-8-associated MCD in a patient living with HIV."

Journal • Cough • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pain • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases

Pharmaco-economic profile, effectiveness, and safety of a dolutegravir based first line ART regimen among people living with HIV in South Gujarat. (PubMed, Indian J Med Res) - "Results Among 204 participants, 102 received TLD (tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir) and 102 TLE (tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz). Fourteen ADRs were reported for TLD group. Interpretation and conclusions Dolutegrevir-based regime demonstrated better cost effectiveness, lower annual cost, and more consistent viral load suppression, with comparable immunological recovery and a favourable safety profile, as compared to standard ART regime."

HEOR • Journal • Observational data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Dolutegravir-Associated Dyslipidemia and Atherogenic Lipid Changes Among Treatment-Naïve People Living With HIV: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study From Southern India. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Prospective data on dyslipidemia and atherogenic lipid indices among Indian PLHIV initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) remain limited. Conclusions DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (TLD) was associated with a 34.29% one-year incidence of dyslipidemia in ART-naïve Indian PLHIV, with significant adverse shifts in atherogenic indices. These findings support routine lipid and metabolic surveillance and consideration of statin therapy in eligible patients as essential components of monitoring care for PLHIV on DTG-based ART."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertriglyceridemia • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders

Antiretroviral Therapy in India (2025): Drugs, Indications, Contraindications, Mechanisms, and Prophylaxis (PEP/PrEP). (PubMed, J Assoc Physicians India) - "India's ART platform is strong and increasingly INSTI-based. Scaling PrEP, standardizing DTG-aligned PEP, fortifying viral load and resistance monitoring, and integrating long-acting prevention as it becomes available are the next priorities."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Emergence of dual bedaquiline and linezolid resistance during treatment of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: A case report from Zambia. (PubMed, IDCases) - "A 28-year-old HIV-positive Zambian man, virologically suppressed on tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir, was initially treated for drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis. Following relapse and treatment failure, rifampicin resistance was confirmed, and he was initiated on a second-line regimen...A six-month regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid was commenced...A salvage regimen comprising delamanid, ethambutol, cycloserine, clofazimine, and meropenem was initiated, and the patient remains on treatment under close clinical and laboratory monitoring...The simultaneous acquisition of resistance to bedaquiline and linezolid significantly limits treatment options. Strengthening adherence support, improving laboratory turnaround times, and enhancing pharmacovigilance systems are essential to preserve the effectiveness of novel regimens in Zambia and similar settings."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Every-8-weeks injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine is superior to daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir in adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: LATA 96-week results (AIDS 2026) - "BACKGROUND: Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) antiretroviral therapy (ART) has demonstrated high efficacy, safety and acceptability in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). LAI CAB/RPV was superior to TLD for maintenance of virological suppression in adolescents with HIV, showed no new safety concerns and was preferred."

Late-breaking abstract • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease

Dolutegravir in Latin America: comparative price analysis across Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia (AIDS 2026) - " For the TDF/3TC/DTG regimen, the annual cost per person was US$ 126.72 in Argentina (no patent in force, procurement through FE-OPS), US$ 936.05 in Brazil (patent in force; monopoly conditions reported), and US$ 128.47 in Colombia. Regional evidence indicates that patent and post-patent market arrangements can sustain extreme outlier price for DTG even in high-volume programmes, with direct implications for HIV budget sustainability. The Argentina-Brazil-Colombia contrast suggests that aligning procurement with regional reference mechanisms (FE-OPS) and using TRIPS public health safeguards where IP barriers sustain excessive prices can rapidly restore affordability."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

From price inequities to efficiency: ARV market dynamics and implications for sustainable HIV treatment scale‑up (AIDS 2026) - "Standard first-line regimen TDF+3TC+DTG remains among the most affordable (US$48–72 ppy in most settings), while patented combinations exceeded US$1,000–3,000 ppy, heavily influencing regional averages... Wide price disparities across countries, regions, and procurement channels highlight inefficiencies that threaten programme sustainability. As domestic financing becomes more prominent funding source, countries must: Strengthen procurement practices, avoiding emergency or fragmented purchasing that inflates prices; Prioritize WHO-recommended optimized regimens to maximize value for money; Expand access to pooled and generic markets, particularly for upper-middle-income countries facing steep premiums; Institutionalize price benchmarking, ARV procurement price monitoring and transparency mechanisms to prevent inefficiencies; and Shifting countries that pay higher prices toward average unit prices would generate substantial procurement efficiencies. These savings can..."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical novel HIV genotypic resistance test for people with confirmed virologic failure on TLD in sub-Saharan Africa (AIDS 2026) - "Base case value Range (sensitivity analyses) Prevalence of resistance, % 1,2 DTG-R NRTI-R Susceptible 2.3 28.5 69.2 0.6- 19.6 -- 51.9- 70.9 Incident DTG-R among NRTI-R cohort at each VF episode, % 3 6 -- ART efficacy: probability of suppression at 6m, % 4-6 TLD DRV/r+TDF/3TC DTG-R NRTI-R Susceptible 20 87 69 86 86 59 -- -- -- ART cost, monthly, $ 7 2.87 20.50 -- nGRT characteristics 8,9 Sensitivity, % Specificity, % Cost, $ Implementation, % 90.0 97.5 40 80 60-100 76-100 10-157 50-100 Abbreviations: TLD: tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir; VF, virologic failure; SSA: sub-Saharan Africa; DTG-R, dolutegravir-resistance; NRTI-R, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance; ART, antiretroviral therapy; DRV/r: darunavir/ritonavir; TDF/3TC: tenofovir-lamivudine; nGRT, novel genotypic resistance test. At WTP <$1,000/QALY, a novel GRT would be cost-effective if the test has high specificity and low cost, even at low DTG-R prevalence. At higher DTG-R prevalence among..."

Cost effectiveness • HEOR • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

From licensing to rolling out at scale: trends in affordable access to DTG-based HIV treatments in low- and middle-income countries, 2014-2025 (AIDS 2026) - "These include the WHO-recommended first-line fixed dosed combination of TDF/3TC/DTG (TLD) and the paediatric formulation of ABC/3TC/DTG (pALD)... MPP’s unique dataset, quarterly obtained from MPP licensees, provides a wealth of information on their pricing and supplies. Selected insights from this dataset are presented, showing price reductions as rollout progresses. More details (development/registration timelines and country-level insights) on other DTG based products will also be presented."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Engagement in care and viral load outcomes in the first 6 months after ART initiation: evidence from 18 South African clinics (AIDS 2026) - "Most initiated TDF/FTC/EFV (56%) or TDF/3TC/DTG (42%)...Initiation on dolutegravir-containing regimens was associated with higher suppression rates than efavirenz-containing regimens (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19)... Continuous engagement in the early treatment period, without interruptions >28 days, increased the likelihood of VL suppression at 6 months. Observational data suggest that suppression improved markedly between 2018 and 2023, potentially due to changes in treatment regimens, earlier VL testing, and/or other service delivery improvements. Programs should prioritize preventing even short treatment interruptions during the early treatment period and continue innovating service delivery approaches."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Durability of TLD-based ART among adolescents living with HIV in Cameroon: real-world insights into virological suppression, rebound, and programmatic gaps in low-income settings (AIDS 2026) - "BACKGROUND: Evidence are limited on programmatic gaps and long-term durability of tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) transitioning to this regimen in real-world settings... This real-world cohort underscores the durability of TLD in ALHIV, with about 95% achieving VS1000 and limited long-term VR200; poorer outcomes were observed among females. Adhering to transition guidelines and strengthening post-switch monitoring are essential to harness TLD’s benefits and preserve DTG efficacy as adolescents grow into adulthood."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Treatment trajectories across the HIV life course: a Brazilian cohort study (AIDS 2026) - "T-cell counts (<350 vs =350 cells/mm³), and ART regimen type (TDF/3TC/DTG versus simplified dual therapy with 3TC/DTG or 3TC/DRV/r)... Across the HIV life course, treatment trajectories marked by prolonged ART exposure, sustained immunologic stability, and regimen simplification were associated with superior virologic outcomes. Older adults emerged not as a population at increased clinical vulnerability, but as a reflection of durable engagement in care over time. These findings reinforce the importance of life-course–oriented HIV strategies that prioritize early linkage, long-term retention, and continuity of treatment as foundational determinants of sustained viral suppression."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Integrase strand transfer inhibitor transmitted drug resistance in the Philippines: first case report (AIDS 2026) - "The PWH had already been started on TDF/3TC/DTG for one week when the result came out, and a clinical decision was made to shift the DTG to LPV/r given the patient’s low CD4 count and advanced HIV status... INSTI transmitted drug resistance has now been documented in the Philippines. This highlights the need for routine surveillance of INSTI resistance to preserve the long-term viability of INSTI-based first-line ART. Standard treatment protocols for when INSTI TDR is detected in resource limited settings need to be formulated, especially when the availability of alternative antiretroviral agents is limited."

Case report • Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

HIV viraemia during pregnancy and breastfeeding: characteristics and clinical outcomes in a cohort of Kenyan women failing dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (AIDS 2026) - "Median age was 30.7 years (IQR 25.2-34.4), 99% were on dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and median time on dolutegravir was 46.9 months (IQR 24.4-59.3). Persistent viraemia during pregnancy and breastfeeding is an enduring challenge raising concern for transmission of drug resistant virus. In order to eliminate vertical transmission targeted interventions are needed for these women."

Clinical • Clinical data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Dynamics of HIV seroconversion following acute infection: time to first positive serology and persistence of seronegativity in a longitudinal cohort (AIDS 2026) - "Specifically, three were identified during post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) evaluation and transitioned from TDF/3TC/DTG initiated within the PEP window to ART after diagnosis, and two were diagnosed during pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) assessment, having received TDF/FTC for two days before adding dolutegravir. Rapid seroconversion occurred in most AHI individuals in our cohort, with a small subgroup remaining seronegative for months. Persistently non-seroconverting individuals were often diagnosed in the context of PEP or PrEP initial assessment, suggesting that ultra-early ART exposure may impact serological responses. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for AHI to enable timely diagnosis and immediate treatment initiation, which may have meaningful implications for viral reservoir formation."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4