azithromycin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

First-line treatment with low-dose ruxolitinib, pirfenidone, and low-dose calcineurin inhibitors leads to significant improvement in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after allogeneic transplantation (ASH 2025) - "Traditional treatments for BOS rely on glucocorticoids combined with FAM regimens ( fluticasone + azithromycin + montelukast ) and calmodulin phosphatase inhibitors ( CNIs ), but they have limited efficacy with an even lower overall remission rate ( ORR ) and poor prognosis once progression to steroid-refractory cGVHD (SR-cGVHD) is achieved...Methods A retrospective analysis of 14 patients, 11 males and 3 females, with a median age of 19 years (7-54 years), who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with BOS at Henan Cancer Hospital from 2018 to 2025, including 6 cases of mild BOS, 3 cases of moderate BOS, 5 cases of severe BOS, Among them, 6 cases of mild, 3 cases of moderate, and 5 cases of severe BOS were treated with low-dose rucotinib ( 5 mg qd po) combined with piroxicam (200 mg tid po), small-dose CNI (half of the effective therapeutic concentration), and FAM first-line treatment...Conclusions In conclusion, the first-line treatment of BOS..."

Clinical • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Transplantation

Rhabdomyolysis in patients taking isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors for R/R Acute Myeloid Leukemia (ASH 2025) - "She was started on treatment with azacitidine, venetoclax, and magrolimab and achieved MRD-negative CR after cycle 1, then went on to complete 6 cycles of therapy, followed by 4 cycles of maintenance therapy with combination decitabine/cedazuridine and venetoclax prior to relapse. She was then treated with combination decitabine/cedazuridine, venetoclax, and ivosidenib...Azacitidine was discontinued after C33, at which time she continued on enasidenib monotherapy...She was on a stable dose of atorvastatin at the time of this event and had recently started azithromycin for symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection...al 2015). We hypothesize that rhabdomyolysis observed with IDH inhibitors may reflect a convergence of metabolic stressors, particularly in susceptible populations such as elderly patients with low muscle mass, and those on concomitant statins."

Clinical • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Brain Cancer • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Glioma • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Musculoskeletal Pain • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia • IDH1 • IDH2

A rare case of gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow secondary to untreated hypothyroidism and congestive heart failure (ASH 2025) - "He was empirically treated with cefepime and azithromycin for presumed sepsis...He was started on levothyroxine 25 mcg, Jardiance 10 mg, and spironolactone 25 mg for HFpEF...Diagnosing GTBM requires a high index of suspicion and exclusion of other pancytopenia causes. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying disorder can reverse both GTBM and associated cytopenias."

Clinical • Aplastic Anemia • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Endocrine Disorders • Heart Failure • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pituitary Gland Carcinoma • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • IL2

Babesiosis masquerading as ITP in a patient with CLL (ASH 2025) - "Patient's home medications included only ramipril and metoprolol succinate...Patient was started on atovaquone and azithromycin...And patient was diagnosed with Babesiosis. This case highlights how Babesiosis can masquerade as ITP and present as severe thrombocytopenia without any symptoms suggestive of infection."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Coronary Artery Disease • Dyslipidemia • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Thrombocytopenia • HP

Babesia induced cytokine storm: A rare cause of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (ASH 2025) - "Initially, this was thought to be a tick-borne illness such as anaplasmosis and doxycycline was empirically started...Treatment with Dexamethasone and Etoposide was initiated per HLH-94 guidelines (Henter et al., 2007)...The tick panel was positive for Babesia, and antibiotics were switched to Azithromycin and Atovaquone...Early identification can prevent further spread including CNS spread and prevent the need for hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Screening tools like HScore distinguish hemophagocytic syndromes such as HLH from sepsis or acute hematologic malignancies, allowing for earlier HLH diagnosis and improved outcomes (Fardet et al., 2014)."

Cytokine storm • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Rare Diseases • Septic Shock • Thrombocytopenia • IL2 • IL2RA

Revisiting acute chest syndrome (ACS) associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) vaso-occlusive pain episodes (VOE): Insight from a prospective, multicenter Phase-3 randomized controlled trial (ASH 2025) - P3 | "ACSseverity was defined a priori as mild (no oxygen (O2) use or RBC transfusion), moderate (O2 use ortransfusion), or severe (bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) use, intubation, or pediatric intensive careunit (PICU) transfer). 271 patients enrolled (median age 15[11,18] years, 51% male; 74% HbSS/Sb°; 76% onHydroxyurea (HU)...Across all sites, 96% of patients receivedantibiotics (50% ceftriaxone, 28% ampicillin-sulbactam, 7% vancomycin, 11% other) and 82% receivedazithromycin. Site-level use ranged from 0-100% for ceftriaxone and 50-100% for azithromycin... ACS remains common in patients with SCD-VOE (20%), with 14% of ACS diagnosed duringtheir hospital stay. Two-thirds of subjects who developed ACS had a CXR done in the ED that wasnegative. ACS may have been missed in patients who did not get a CXR, and radiographic changes oftenlag behind symptoms."

Clinical • P3 data • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Cardiovascular • Cough • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Pain • Respiratory Diseases • Sickle Cell Disease

Tailoring Nanoparticle Surfaces Empowered by Multivariate Techniques for Detection of Multiple Antibiotic Fingerprints in Real Samples Using Hand-Held Colorimetric Signal Readout. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "With 100% accuracy, the sensor array successfully discriminates between eight antibiotics (amoxicillin, azithromycin, neomycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin), with detection limits ranging from 1.7 to 8.3 μM. Further, for the real-time applications, we have developed prototypes for colorimetric analysis and also modified the previously developed 96-well plate reader, which functions similarly to the UV-visible absorption spectrophotometer. These on-site sensing methods, with straightforward preparation, quick response, exceptional sensitivity, and consistently stable high-throughput signal output, show significant potential for practical use in food forensics and for environmental remediation."

Journal

The single-center retrospective analysis of steroid-free rmap regimen (ruxolitinib, montelukast, azithromycin, and pirfenidone) treating moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). (ASH 2025) - "The steroid-free RMAP regimen demonstrated promising efficacy in moderate-to-severe BOS,enabling rapid steroid withdrawal while improving quality of life and long-term survival. However, giventhe small sample size and retrospective design, further prospective studies are warranted for validation."

Retrospective data • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: An underrecognized contributor to anemia and hemolysis in babesiosis infection (ASH 2025) - "Most received the standardantibiotic regimen of atovaquone, azithromycin and doxycycline. Data was analyzed for 406 patients. Median age was 73 (range 2 to 103) with a malepredominance (67.5%; 264/406). Asplenia was seen in 10.7% (42/406), and 32.5% (127/406) had Lyme-coinfection."

Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease

Impact of biannual azithromycin on weight-for-age z-score among infants in the AVENIR cluster-randomised trial. (PubMed, BMJ Paediatr Open) - "These findings align with prior large-scale trials that demonstrated mortality benefits but no sustained effects of azithromycin on growth. Taken together, the results suggest that while azithromycin MDA reduces childhood mortality, it is unlikely to provide medium-term improvements in weight gain, highlighting the need for complementary nutritional interventions to address undernutrition in similar settings."

Clinical • Journal

Penicillin remains an effective agent against Group A Streptococcus in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance and associated genes. (PubMed, S Afr Med J) - "This review comprehensively characterises the latest evidence on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Strep A in LMICs. Strep A in LMICs continues to be highly susceptible to antibiotics in vitro, primarily to penicillins. Strep A macrolide resistance patterns in LMICs are similar to those observed in high-income countries. The findings of this review may serve to inform effective treatment decisions and public health interventions."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review

Estimating macrolide antibiotics use in a typical region of Taihu Lake Basin, China through wastewater-based epidemiology. (PubMed, Environ Geochem Health) - "The concentrations of four MLs-erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin-were determined. A significant increase in antibiotic usage was observed in January 2023 that the other sampling months, accompanying with low ambient temperatures. The data set on MLs consumption provides valuable insights for evaluating antibiotic usage patterns under varying temporal and climatic conditions."

Journal

Nanocurcumin: An Innovative Strategy to Combat Virulence and Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Wounds. (PubMed, Iran J Med Sci) - "The 50 selected isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cloxacillin, oxacillin, and azithromycin. No significant changes were seen in fnbA and ftsZ. Nanocurcumin inhibits S. aureus virulence and resistance genes, reducing biofilm formation and toxin production, but lacks effect on fnbA and ftsZ, requiring further research."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Sheep-Derived Mannheimia haemolytica in Northwestern China. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin, while resistance was observed for tiamulin and enrofloxacin. These findings indicate a high prevalence and strong pathogenicity of ovine M. haemolytica in Shaanxi, underscore the presence of key resistance traits, and provide a genomic and pathogenic reference to guide region-specific surveillance, therapeutic decisions, and vaccine-oriented control in small ruminant herds. Importantly, these results highlight the need for region-specific monitoring and judicious antibiotic use, which are essential to forestall the spread of resistant strains and to ensure sustainable disease management strategies."

Journal • Respiratory Diseases

SWIFT: Sanitation, Water, and Instruction in Face-washing for Trachoma I/II (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=47605 | Completed | Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | N=340000 ➔ 47605 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Dec 2024

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Ophthalmology

Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae isolates from Africa: a PulseNet Africa initiative using nanopore sequencing to enhance genomic surveillance. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "AMR gene analysis revealed genes associated with resistance to trimethoprim in 96% of isolates and genes associated with resistance to quinolones in 83%, while genes associated with resistance to azithromycin, rifampicin and tetracycline remained low (≤7%). The widespread presence of genes associated with resistance to trimethoprim and quinolones raises concerns for treatment efficacy, although azithromycin and tetracycline remain viable options. WGS enables precise identification of species and genotyping, reinforcing PulseNet Africa's pivotal role in advancing genomic surveillance and enabling timely public health responses to cholera outbreaks."

Journal • Cholera • Infectious Disease

Evaluation of Azithromycin-Bicarbonate against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Topical Murine Models of Infection. (PubMed, ACS Infect Dis) - "These findings establish AZM-BIC as a promising therapeutic approach, offering a targeted, effective solution for pulmonary infection management and wound care amid the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, given that azithromycin is a well-established antibiotic and bicarbonate is a physiological component that is safe and well-tolerated, AZM-BIC represents a readily translatable strategy for clinical implementation."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Resistance and Hematological Profiles in Diabetic Foot Infections. (PubMed, Clin Lab) - "This study examined the characteristics of DFU-associated MRSA infection, particularly its multidrug resistance features. MRSA infection demonstrated 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid. The findings suggest that combined detection of MCHC, D-dimer, ALB, ALP, Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ may serve as a valuable reference for the early identification of DFU-associated MRSA infection in clinical settings. Clinicians should be mindful of MRSA infection risks in patients with DFU and develop individualized anti-infection regimens based on drug sensitivity profiles to improve prognosis."

Journal • Retrospective data • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease

Antisense Oligomer Targeting the Antibiotic Resistance Gene ermC Augments Erythromycin, Azithromycin, and Virginiamycin Sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus. (PubMed, ACS Infect Dis) - "The specific effect of the ASO is evident as a decrease in the methylation activity of the ErmC protein. Sequence comparisons reveal a subset of bacterial species where both the ErmC protein and the antisense target site on the ermC mRNA are strictly conserved."

Journal

A Case of Legionella Pneumonia Suspected as Typical Pneumonia After Lung Cancer Surgery, Diagnosed by a Repeat Urinary Legionella Antigen Test. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Outpatient urinary antigen tests for pneumococcus and Legionella were negative, and oral garenoxacin was initiated...Broad-spectrum β-lactams (sulbactam/ampicillin, followed by piperacillin/tazobactam) were ineffective...Subsequent targeted therapy with azithromycin (days 6-8 and 13-15), alongside levofloxacin, resulted in clinical improvement...This case report highlights that a single negative urinary antigen test does not rule out Legionella infection. We accordingly recommend early repeat antigen testing, ideally within one week, for postoperative pneumonia unresponsive to β-lactams, together with prompt macrolide or fluoroquinolone therapy."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Lung Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

Changes in Immunosuppressive Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Results from a Survey within Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (ASH 2024) - "Since the last survey, ruxolitinib (rux) has been approved and other agents are explored in treatment of cGVHD...For BOS, systemic and inhalative corticosteroids, montelukast and azithromycin (FAM), rux (14/19), ECP (16/19), CNI (9/19), and abatacept (9/19) are frequently applied agents, while belumosudil (7/19), imatinib (5/19) and ibrutinib (2/19) are used as salvage option in selected patients. In case of new sclerotic manifestations after failure of 2nd line treatment including steroids, CNI and rux, most centers would use ECP (13/19), whereas subsequent or alternative salvage treatment of sclerotic manifestations remains heterogenous comprising belumosudil (12/19), ibrutinib (5/19), imatinib (5/19), rituximab (4/19), cyclosporine (3/19), tacrolimus (3/19), everolimus (3/19), sirolimus (3/19), MTX (3/19) and MMF (3/19)...ECP is used in case of contraindication for rux and both agents are also used in progressive onset cGVHD. In contrast, treatment of BOS and..."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Transplantation

Adapting global guidelines to local contexts: optimising community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) specific prescribing in Pakistan to counter antimicrobial resistance. (PubMed, BMJ Open Respir Res) - "Most physicians were unaware of the exact prevalence of causative pathogens and their resistance patterns in Pakistan due to the unavailability of robust local data. Consequently, international guidelines were adapted to local challenges including resistance patterns, limited diagnostics and resource constraints. Physicians prioritised beta-lactam antibiotics use and restricted moxifloxacin and azithromycin to mitigate resistance propagation linked to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant typhoid. Efforts to improve antimicrobial utilisation for CAP in Pakistan need to address implementation barriers and focus on enhancing diagnostic access, vaccine coverage and funding for treatment optimisation."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Comparative effect of chemoprevention in malaria infection during pregnancy: A network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "The findings suggest that there is moderate certainty of evidence of the effect of IPTp-SP monthly single dose on maternal parasitaemia and anaemia. Future research should include a head-to-head comparison with adequate samples and evaluate the effectiveness, safety, operational feasibility and cost-effectiveness of IPTp for SP, DP, azithromycin and other potential antimalarials as either monotherapy or combination therapy. Information from endemic regions outside Africa, such as Asia and Latin America, is recommended."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Development of an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin in wastewater. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Application of the validated method to hospital and livestock wastewater samples revealed macrolide concentrations up to 13.36 mg L-1 (CLR), 11.27 mg L-1 (ERY), and 7.80 mg L-1 (AZM). The developed HPLC-PDA method is therefore suitable for routine environmental monitoring, providing a simple and reliable tool for assessing macrolide antibiotic contamination in wastewater."

Journal

Targeted LC-MS/MS method for quantifying respiratory pharmaceuticals in wastewater. (PubMed, Environ Sci (Camb)) - "Application to 12 neighborhood-level wastewater samples detected 9 of the 10 target compounds, with 6 (albuterol, amoxicillin, azithromycin, cetirizine, diphenhydramine, and fexofenadine), detected above their quantification limits. Fexofenadine was the most abundant, reaching 3309 ng L-1. This robust, low-volume, high-throughput LC-MS/MS method enables the reliable detection of respiratory pharmaceuticals in wastewater, supporting WBE applications for pharmaceutical use surveillance."

Journal • Respiratory Diseases