primaquine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Treatment of Relapsed Plasmodium vivax with High-Dose Atovaquone-Proguanil in the Setting of Long-Term Rifampin Use. (PubMed, Am J Trop Med Hyg) - "A 58-year-old man with a past medical history significant for cerebrovascular accident with residual quadriplegia and feeding-tube dependence, latent tuberculosis infection, and prior treated malaria who developed relapsed Plasmodium vivax infection while receiving rifampin-based therapy for latent tuberculosis is discussed. Primaquine 30 mg daily (standard dose) was started on hospital day 5 and continued for 14 days. This regimen achieved complete resolution of parasitemia and sustained clinical cure at follow-up."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Structural and Functional Impact of the G340S Mutation in Plasmodium falciparum Ferredoxin NADP⁺ Reductase: In silico Analysis and Molecular Docking. (PubMed, Gates Open Res) - "Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite, continues to burden health systems across sub-Saharan Africa, where artemether-lumefantrine remains a frontline treatment...To predict the structural and functional impact of the G340S substitution, this study integrated sequence conservation analysis, AlphaFold 3 structural modelling, structural superimposition, molecular dynamics simulation, NADPH and NADP + docking, HADDOCK docking with P. falciparum ferredoxin ( PfFd), and comparative docking of lumefantrine, primaquine, artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin...Together, these data support G340S as a redox-associated candidate variant that may reshape cofactor and partner-interface, but not as a validated lumefantrine-resistance marker until confirmed by biochemical, genetic and parasite-based assays. The findings define testable mechanisms for future functional assays of PfFNR in antimalarial response phenotypes."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Lactobionic Acid as a Biocompatibility Switch: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Copper(II)-Primaquine Complexes. (PubMed, Bioinorg Chem Appl) - "In cellular oxidative stress models, LAPQ showed a protective effect, preserving cell viability under ROS-generating conditions. In summary, by interacting with Aβ and exhibiting antioxidant activity, two properties relevant to several neurodegenerative and peripheral aggregation-related disorders, our novel compound LAPQ may provide a potential starting point for the development of therapies targeting Aβ-associated disorders."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Oncology

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Agents: Optimizing Combination Therapies to Overcome Resistance Mechanisms. (PubMed, J Clin Pharmacol) - "A discussion of PK/PD modeling across agents, including chloroquine, artemisinin and its derivatives, mefloquine, primaquine, and tafenoquine, highlights how inadequate drug exposure, mismatched partner drug kinetics, and host metabolic variability contribute to treatment failure. Collectively, the evidence suggests that refining combination regimens through PK/PD-guided dose optimization is crucial for maintaining efficacy and preventing resistance. Future research must prioritize host-specific factors, stage-specific drug activity, and optimized combination regimens to improve therapeutic outcomes and support malaria eradication."

Journal • PK/PD data • Review • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Hematological Disorders in Afghanistan: A Review. (PubMed, Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus) - "G6PD deficiency, predominantly the Mediterranean type, affects up to 8.9% of Pashtun males and make a barrier to cure malaria with primaquine...Major contributing factors include: (i) high consanguinity rates and genetic disorders (β thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, G6PD deficiency); (ii) environmental pollution and toxic exposures; (iii) conflict, war instability, and poor healthcare infrastructure; and (iv) rare blood disorders. The convergence of these factors creates distinct hematological disease hotspots across the country, with Pashtun and Tajik populations showing higher thalassemia carrier rates and conflict-affected regions facing diagnostic and treatment gaps."

Journal • Review • Beta-Thalassemia • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders

Avian malaria: an in-depth overview on its biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, economic impacts, diagnostic, treatment and control strategies. (PubMed, J Parasit Dis) - "Treatment options are limited, typically involving antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine phosphate, primaquine phosphate, mefloquine, sulfachloropyrazine, sulfaquinoxaline, Trimethoprim, and Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine combination along with supportive care and environmental management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and ecological consequences of avian malaria, with the goal of informing conservation and management strategies. The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01887-z."

HEOR • Journal • Review • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

A transcriptomics-based computational drug repurposing pipeline identifies simvastatin and primaquine as therapeutics for endometriosis. (PubMed, iScience) - "Moreover, simvastatin prescription was associated with a lower observed relative risk of endometriosis in our retrospective multi-center cohort study. These findings highlight their potential as repurposed therapeutics for endometriosis and support the effectiveness of computational drug repositioning in identifying treatment strategies."

Journal • Endometriosis • Gynecology • Pain • Women's Health

Mixed Plasmodium vivax and falciparum Malaria in a Young Infant: The Critical Role of Peripheral Smears in an Endemic Region. (PubMed, Cureus) - "This case emphasizes the critical importance of considering mixed plasmodial co-infections in pediatric patients presenting with non-specific symptoms and rapid clinical deterioration in endemic areas. Microscopic examination of peripheral smears by a trained pathologist remains the gold standard for early identification, which is essential to secure favorable outcomes in complex pediatric cases."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Pain • Pediatrics

Cobalt Oxide/Nickel Cobalt Sulfide/Poly(1,8-diaminonaphthalene) Electrochemical Sensor-Based Therapeutic Monitoring of Primaquine in Urine to Combat Low Treatment Adherence in Vivax Malaria Therapy. (PubMed, Chempluschem) - "Real sample analysis in urine demonstrated recovery ranges of 98.3%-101.1%. This study reports, for the first time, the synthesis of the Co3O4@NiCo2S4@poly(1,8-DAN) ternary nanocomposite and its application for the detection of primaquine."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

CQ-PQ: Efficacy of Chloroquine-Primaquine Treatment for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Vivax Malaria (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=192 | Completed | Sponsor: Jimma University

New trial • Infectious Disease • Malaria

A Plasmodium vivax Case Identified Solely via the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing. (PubMed, Am J Trop Med Hyg) - "After species identification and confirmation of normal G6PD activity, the patient received primaquine for hypnozoite eradication. This case highlights the diagnostic value of NGS in malaria and the limitations of relying solely on conserved 18S rDNA targets."

Biomarker • Journal • Next-generation sequencing • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Resolution of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria without corticosteroid therapy: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This report highlights an unusual presentation of P vivax malaria complicated by severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, which resolved with antimalarial therapy alone, without immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids. This finding suggests that corticosteroids may not always be necessary in certain cases and underscores the importance of early recognition and comprehensive immunohematological evaluation in malaria-related cytopenias."

Journal • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Fatigue • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Thrombocytopenia

Building the toolkit to address malaria resurgence and radical cure of vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a meeting report. (PubMed, Malar J) - "At the same time, new evidence supporting improved radical cure strategies, including high-dose primaquine and single-dose tafenoquine, alongside advances in molecular tools, offers opportunities to address persistent transmission and relapse. The meeting highlighted that, while more effective tools for P. vivax radical cure are available, their adoption in Ethiopia will depend on addressing key evidence gaps, particularly around relapse burden, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness. Given the current challenges, there is a pressing need for context specific research and continued dialogue between stakeholders, which will be critical to inform policy decisions and support progress towards malaria elimination."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria

ZIF-90-PQ-based cascade nanoplatform for multimodal cooperative treatment of breast cancer. (PubMed, Int J Pharm) - "In this study, CP@ZIF-PQ/Ce6 NPs, a ZIF-90-based multimodal nanosystem loaded with copper peroxide (CP) nanoparticles, the autophagy inhibitor primaquine phosphate (PQ) and the photosensitizer Ce6, were developed...CP@ZIF-PQ/Ce6 NPs successfully integrate PDT, CDT, oxygen-generating therapy, and autophagy inhibition, demonstrating potent antitumor activity and favorable biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides an innovative strategy and experimental evidence for multimodal collaborative antitumor therapy to overcome the limitations of monotherapy imposed by the tumor microenvironment."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Health-care provider compliance with a revised Plasmodium vivax radical cure algorithm incorporating tafenoquine and quantitative G6PD testing in the Peruvian Amazon: a prospective observational study. (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health Am) - "Historically, radical cure relied on multi-day primaquine regimens, often without prior glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing. These findings demonstrate that HCP at the participating facilities can successfully implement the revised radical cure algorithm, contributing to the operational evidence base informing its scale-up in Peru and the Americas. Unitaid (Grant number 2021-43-VIV)."

Compliance • Journal • Observational data • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Severe hyperkalemia and muscle weakness in HIV-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia treated with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroids: A case report. (PubMed, Respir Med Case Rep) - "After one hemodialysis session and switching to clindamycin-primaquine, potassium levels normalized within 2 days, and muscle weakness gradually improved and resolved after 4 days. Hemodialysis is an effective and safe intervention for hyperkalemia unresponsive to medical management. Close monitoring of electrolytes and muscle function is crucial in patients receiving high-dose TMP-SMX in combination with corticosteroids, particularly during the first 10 days of treatment."

Journal • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Myositis • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • CD4

Presumed Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Presenting With Thrombocytopenia in a Non-endemic Area: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) followed by primaquine for radical cure, resulting in clinical and hematologic improvement. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of presumed malaria relapse in non-endemic settings, particularly when overlapping clinical and hematological features with dengue infection may lead to initial misdiagnosis. Thorough travel history assessment, early recognition, and appropriate diagnostic testing are essential to ensure timely treatment and prevent complications."

Journal • Dengue Fever • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Pain • Thrombocytopenia

A combination of artemisinin, moxidectin, and doxorubicin drugs can selectively and efficiently induce apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic and chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and ex vivo. (PubMed, Med Oncol) - "The first step determines the lowest EC50 for each drug (e.g., artemisinin, chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, ivermectin, moxidectin, doxorubicin, and minocycline) by analyzing four cell endpoints (e.g., cell cycle, sub-G1, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), autophagy (lysosomes), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3)) on K562 cells. The combined drugs were innocuous to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) (S phase = 40%; G2/M = 26%; ΔΨm = 4%; lysosomes = 3%; CC3 = 4%; n = 3). Our approach to combining drugs has the potential to provide a new pharmacological treatment for leukemias."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • CASP3

Therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine plus single low dose primaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a high transmission setting, Western Ethiopia. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The efficacy observed in this study, although remaining above the WHO policy change threshold after PCR correction, may indicate a potential decline in AL's effectiveness in this high transmission setting. However, because antimalarial drug concentrations were not measured and evening doses were not fully directly observed, reduced drug exposure or imperfect adherence cannot be excluded as possible contributors to the observed treatment outcomes Therefore, we suggest regular therapeutic efficacy monitoring and further investigation using advanced molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), to enable early detection of resistance-associated parasite variants that may compromise treatment efficacy."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Mangiferin in combination with primaquine reduces disease progression and transmission potential while alleviating cerebral pathology through suppression of neural cell apoptosis in experimental cerebral malaria. (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "This was associated with decreased activation of calpains (calpain-1 and calpain-2), inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced cytochrome-c release, and suppression of apoptosis. So, these findings suggest that the primaquine-mangiferin combination can offer a promising strategy for simultaneously reducing malaria transmission and protecting against CM-associated brain injury."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Malaria • Metabolic Disorders • Vascular Neurology • CAPN1 • CAPN2

Management of Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax Malaria in a Pregnant Patient With G6PD Deficiency. (PubMed, Cureus) - "In this case, standard radical cure was not feasible during pregnancy, and a seven-day course of quinine and clindamycin was initiated for treatment of the acute blood-stage infection while G6PD results were awaited...Given presumed chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium vivax, chloroquine remains the preferred agent for suppressive therapy during pregnancy. However, hydroxychloroquine was subsequently selected due to its more favorable side effect profile and improved tolerability for prolonged use...It highlights the critical role of early and precise G6PD assessment, with quantitative assays in females being particularly essential, to inform safe administration of antimalarial therapy. These findings emphasize the necessity of individualized management strategies, especially for vulnerable migrant populations, and the importance of a structured follow-up plan to prevent relapse and ensure the delivery of definitive treatment."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Metabolic Disorders • Pain

Primaquine-derived 5,6-orthoquinone concentrations in urine associated with CYP2D6 genotype-predicted phenotype and blood methemoglobin levels. (PubMed, Antimicrob Agents Chemother) - P4 | "Our findings accord with the hypothesized utility of urinary 5,6-orthoquinone primaquine concentrations and methemoglobin levels as pharmacodynamic markers of primaquine bioactivation. Understanding and measuring the impacts of CYP2D6 polymorphisms will aid in interpreting clinical trials and optimizing primaquine dosing strategies.CLINICAL TRIALSThis study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03916003."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Repurposing primaquine diphosphate for imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia via targeting BCR-ABL and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (PubMed, iScience) - "Furthermore, PRQ effectively induced differentiation, inhibited colony formation of primary CML blasts, and suppressed the neoplastic growth of imatinib-resistant CML cells in a murine xenograft model. These findings suggest that the antimalarial drug PRQ may have potential for overcoming imatinib resistance in CML, warranting further evaluation as a repurposed candidate."

Journal • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • ABL1 • BCR

Anti-malarial contact dependent blocking of transmission of Plasmodium vivax by Anopheles darlingi mosquito vector. (PubMed, PLoS Pathog) - "Among the antimalarials evaluated were Atovaquone (ATQ), Tafenoquine (TQ), Chloroquine (CQ), Mefloquine (MQ), Primaquine (PQ), and the compound Nanchangmycin (NCG). In addition, MQ also significantly reduced infection intensity, but there was no difference in infection prevalence. No significant differences were observed for the other antimalarials."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Effect of higher dose primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesia: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. (PubMed, Lancet Reg Health West Pac) - "However, increased daily doses slightly increased risks of gastrointestinal discomfort and haemolysis. NDM Tropical Network Fund, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria