isoflurane / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Statement of Retraction: Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) regulates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by targeting miR-7-5p. (PubMed, Toxicol Mech Methods) - No abstract available

Journal • Cognitive Disorders • MEG3 • MIR7

Cardiorespiratory and cardiac biomarker responses to five anesthetic regimens in rats. (PubMed, Auton Neurosci) - "We compared five anesthetic regimens in adult male Wistar rats, tribromoethanol (TBE, 250 mg/kg i.p.), chloral hydrate (CH, 400 mg/kg i.p.), ketamine-xylazine (KX, 80/10 mg/kg i.p.), thiopental (TP, 80 mg/kg i.p.), and isoflurane (ISO, 4% induction, 2% maintenance), to investigate integrated cardiorespiratory and biochemical markers. During early recovery, KX and TP restored most variability indices, whereas CH, TBE, and ISO showed continued suppression of these indices. These findings highlight distinct profiles of cardiovascular depression and biomarker responses across anesthetics and underscore the importance of accounting for autonomic variability when selecting different anesthetics in experimental protocols."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Effects of Anesthesia Neurotoxicity on Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination: An In Vitro Study Using Primary Cultures. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "To better understand the potentially toxic effects of GA on brain development, this study uses oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from primary cultures to investigate the effects of isoflurane (ISO), a canonical inhaled GA, on oligodendrocyte development and myelination...In OPC/neuron co-cultures, ISO exposure reduced the sum length of oligodendrocyte processes wrapping the neuronal axon. In conclusion, early GA exposure substantially disrupts oligodendrocyte development and myelination, which probably contributes to cognitive disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Solid Tumor

Association between the EU desflurane phase-out and secondary market vaporizer prices: An observational time-series analysis. (PubMed, J Anesth Transl Med) - "We investigated whether the EU desflurane regulation was associated with changes in secondary market prices of anesthetic vaporizers, and whether any such changes were agent-specific or extended to non-regulated agents (sevoflurane, isoflurane). Desflurane vaporizer prices on eBay were associated with an agent-specific decline; non-regulated agents remained comparatively stable. These observational findings are consistent with, but do not establish, an effect of the EU desflurane phase-out and should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating, given the single-platform design, unmeasured confounders, small post-restriction sample size, and multiple trend tests."

Journal • Anesthesia

Intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y suppresses luteinizing hormone pulses in mice. (PubMed, J Neuroendocrinol) - "However, the same treatment in gonad-intact males yielded variable responses, and analysis in estradiol-replaced OVX female mice revealed an unexpected suppression of LH following brief isoflurane exposure...In further support of the hypothesis that NPY impairs KNDy cells, we found that animals pretreated with NPY or saline had the same response to exogenous kisspeptin, suggesting gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and gonadotrope cells remain fully responsive to stimulation. We conclude that NPY is sufficient to suppress LH secretion in OVX female and GDX male mice and that this suppression is likely mediated by the KNDy cells in the arcuate nucleus."

Journal • Preclinical

Biphasic acclimation for simultaneous wide-field fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and fMRI of awake mice. (PubMed, Imaging Neurosci (Camb)) - "Our approach comprised a two-phase (biphasic) acclimation protocol that results in high-quality multimodal data. Comparisons of cortex-wide neuronal activity (WF-Ca2+ imaging) and blood-oxygen-level dependent fMRI signals between isoflurane-anesthetized and awake mice reveal both convergent and divergent patterns in brain function between modalities and across time."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia

Effect of Sex, Anesthesia Method, Physiological Asymmetry, and Strain on Rat Lymphatic Vessel Contractility Assessed via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling. (PubMed, Microcirculation) - "Our results showcase that to create standard comparison criteria for rat popliteal lymphatic models, one consistent method of anesthesia is essential and for sex to be considered as a biological variable. These findings underscore the physiological variability that must be accounted for when modeling lymphatic function and disease."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia

A simple, anesthesia-free infusion technique for in vivo metabolic tracing. (PubMed, Sci Adv) - "Current methods may distort metabolism through isoflurane anesthesia, surgical stress, or complex procedures...Using U-13C6-cystine infusion, this method achieved robust cysteine labeling and downstream labeling comparable to jugular infusion while maintaining circulating cystine pools closer to physiological levels. This platform provides a practical approach for in vivo stable isotope tracing under more physiological conditions."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Metabolic Disorders

Validation of a dynamic evaporation technique for generating isoflurane/air gas mixtures standards to calibrate anesthetic gas monitors. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The method yielded a correlation coefficient of r² = 0.9998 over the full clinical range, an LOD of 0.08 vol%, and an LOQ of 0.27 vol%. All concentrations between 0.70 and 8 vol% complied with EN 1839 uncertainty requirements, confirming the suitability of this approach for routine calibration of isoflurane gas monitors."

Journal • Anesthesia

A simplified and reproducible protocol for percutaneous lumbar intrathecal injection in rats. (PubMed, J Neurosci Methods) - "This protocol provides a simple, reproducible, and refined method for low-volume intrathecal injection in rats, supporting reliable compound administration and promoting reproducibility and refinement in preclinical research."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia

Prolonged Administration of Volatile Anesthetics (Sevoflurane or Isoflurane) Appears Safe and Well Tolerated: Reconsidering the Evidence. (PubMed, Crit Care Med) - No abstract available

Journal • Anesthesia

Case Report: From critical trauma to functional recovery: a novel surgical and hand-rearing strategy in a neonatal Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "After initial stabilization, emergency surgery was performed under isoflurane anesthesia...This case highlights the importance of prompt stabilization, meticulous surgical intervention, and dedicated post-operative care in achieving favorable outcomes following severe anorectal trauma in neonatal non-human primates. It also contributes to the limited body of literature describing caudectomy and anorectal reconstruction in this age group."

Journal • Anesthesia • Hematological Disorders

Immune Checkpoint B7-H3 Inhibition Reprograms Acute Neuroinflammation and Protects the Brain After Acute Ischemic Stroke. (PubMed, Stroke) - "Poststroke neuroinflammation was reprogrammed with B7-H3 inhibition to balance neuroprotective anti-inflammatory mechanisms without compromising the immune response, which is crucial for preventing poststroke infections. The longitudinal assessment of blood-brain barrier, infarction, and proinflammatory cytokines demonstrates that B7-H3 induction during the acute period after stroke mediates poststroke neuroinflammation and secondary brain damage."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Vascular Neurology • CD276

Comparative analysis of anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats with sepsis-induced hemodynamic instability. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "Septic SHR were allocated into five anesthetic groups: ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-diazepam, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine, ketamine-dexmedetomidine, and inhaled isoflurane (2-3%), alongside an unanesthetized septic control. Isoflurane demonstrated superior cardiovascular safety in hypertensive rats during sepsis-induced instability. These findings suggest that while isoflurane is the preferred anesthetic for this specific model, protocol selection must be tailored to the experimental context."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock

Effects of two different fluid rates on tissue oxygenation and haemodynamic stability in anaesthetised horses. (PubMed, Equine Vet J) - "High-rate fluid therapy increased MAP, CVP, and urine output not StO2 or CO, and was associated with higher serum lactate. Tissue oxygenation improved over time regardless of fluid rate, suggesting limited benefit of aggressive crystalloid administration in anaesthetised euvolemic horses."

Journal • Anesthesia

A refined subclavian cardiac puncture method for longitudinal blood collection in mice. (PubMed, Sheng Li Xue Bao) - "Under isoflurane anesthesia, blood collection was performed on mice via SCP...The 22.5% TBV group also showed a later-stage decrease in blood pressure, with RBC, HGB, and HCT values below the normal reference ranges on day 21 of blood collection. These results suggest that the refined SCP enables safe, repeated, high-volume sampling in mice (with a safe blood collection volume of 15% TBV), supports pharmacokinetic and longitudinal biomarker studies, enhances data reliability, and reduces the number of animals used and stress."

Journal • Anesthesia • Hematological Disorders • Hypotension • Mood Disorders • Respiratory Diseases

T-wave over sensing in a pacemaker-dependent dog under general anesthesia caused by a change in T-wave morphology during infusion of dopamine and norepinephrine. (PubMed, Vet Anaesth Analg) - "The dog was premedicated with intravenous (IV) butorphanol tartrate (0.3 mg kg-1) and anesthesia was induced with propofol (1.25 mg kg-1, IV) and midazolam (0.3 mg kg-1, IV). Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane delivered in oxygen...Interrogation of the pacemaker revealed a change in T-wave morphology, which resulted in T-wave oversensing. Decreasing the lead sensitivity of the pacemaker corrected oversensing and restored the paced ventricular rate to 95 beats minute-1."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular

Agreement between invasive and oscillometric blood pressure measurements during controlled haemorrhage in anaesthetised horses. (PubMed, Equine Vet J) - "NIBP, as studied here, was deemed acceptable compared to invasive MAP in the MT, FA, and TFA under normotension and hypovolaemic hypotension but not a replacement for invasive blood pressure monitoring in horses."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Administration of 25% albumin improves prehospital survivability in a preclinical rat model of decompensated hemorrhagic shock. (PubMed, Transfusion) - "The current study indicates that 25% ALB enhances survival and maintains hemodynamics at only one-fifth the volume of plasma. The results also suggest that 25% ALB requires hemostatic agents or subsequent blood products to counteract the hemostatic deficiency caused by hemodilution."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Hematological Disorders

Laser Photoacoustic Detection of Pulmonary and Tracheobronchial Suture Leaks. (PubMed, Lasers Surg Med) - "In this rabbit thoracotomy model, laser photoacoustic SF6 leak detection is feasible, safe, and quantitatively reliable for intraoperative aerostasis assessment. The method offers high sensitivity and millimeter-scale spatial resolution when the operative field is systematically scanned, thereby complementing conventional aerostasis tests that rely on visual detection of air bubbles. These findings should be interpreted as proof-of-concept in an experimental setting. Further work is required to refine the human-machine interface, to assess performance in more complex operative fields and minimally invasive procedures, and to compare this approach with existing acoustic and gas-analysis techniques. The validated mass-balance framework provides a basis for scaling efflux-rate estimation to human ventilatory parameters and for future clinical studies linking intraoperative leak characteristics with PAL."

Journal • Anesthesia

Low observed perioperative complication rates associated with surgical sterilization of 1,011 heartworm-infected dogs using standard, unmodified anesthesia and surgical protocols. (PubMed, Parasit Vectors) - "Unmodified high-volume anesthetic and surgical protocols were associated with low perioperative complication rates in a selected population of dogs with Class 1-2 HWD. Sterilizing dogs with mild to moderate HWD before adulticide therapy appears safe when using standard spay-neuter protocols and supports earlier adoption, improved shelter throughput, and efficient resource use without compromising patient safety."

Journal • Retrospective data • Anesthesia

Simultaneous mesoscopic imaging of neural activity and hemodynamics reveals anesthetic modulation of neurovascular responses. (PubMed, Photoacoustics) - "We characterized neurovascular responses under isoflurane (ISO), dexmedetomidine (Dex), and low-dose ISO-Dex, and used focal 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) injections to examine seizure-associated responses across awake, ISO, and ISO-Dex conditions. In contrast, ISO-Dex reduced ISO-associated vasodilation and retained measurable seizure-associated neurovascular dynamics within this 4-AP seizure paradigm. These results demonstrate that anesthetic state is an active determinant of neurovascular signal fidelity and should be carefully considered when interpreting functional neurovascular imaging data."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

An Improved Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction Without Invasive Intubation. (PubMed, In Vivo) - "This improved mask ventilation technique provides a simple and effective method for inducing reproducible MI in rats. It allows a substantially longer procedural time duration (~10 min) for careful and effective LAD ligation intervention and, eliminating the need for complex endotracheal intubation while maintaining a high survival rate."

Intubation • Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Myocardial Infarction

Brief, Repeated Isoflurane Anaesthesia Elicits Sex-Dependent Behavioural, Cerebrovascular and Microglial Alterations in Mice. (PubMed, Eur J Neurosci) - "Together, these data reveal that even short, routine anaesthetic events produce biologically meaningful and sex-dependent effects on neural, vascular and immune systems. These results indicate that the anaesthetic regimen is an often overlooked but influential factor that deserves careful consideration in pre-clinical neuroscience."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Inflammation

Anaesthetic Management Including Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol in Dogs Undergoing ECG-Gated Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Case Series. (PubMed, Vet Sci) - "General anaesthesia was induced with propofol to effect (2-4.5 mg kg-1) IV and maintained with isoflurane in medical air and oxygen. No mortality was recorded within 48 h. Image quality was rated as excellent or good in most examinations, with moderate quality reported in two cases. A protocol including low-dose dexmedetomidine and butorphanol was feasible and was associated with acceptable recorded cardiovascular variables in this case series."

Journal • Retrospective data • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension