midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

EEG-based Cross-subject Prediction for Consciousness State Transitions under Sedation using a Deep Learning Framework. (PubMed, IEEE J Biomed Health Inform) - "This study aims to classify three conscious states, such as consciousness, transitions, and unresponsiveness under sedation with propofol and midazolam, based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals...By identifying robust and drug-independent EEG signatures of transitions, this study highlights the potential for more granular and reliable intraoperative monitoring beyond binary assessment. The enhanced generalizability and sensitivity of Deep-ConTrans enable anesthesiologists to precisely identify critical transitions, thus improving anesthetic man agement, minimizing the risk of intraoperative awareness, and facilitating personalized sedation protocols based on real-time EEG dynamics."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders

Virtual reality and hypnosis to alleviate anxiety and pain in patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: A randomized controlled trial (ASH 2025) - P=N/A | "VR effectively reduced immediate pre-procedural anxiety in patients undergoing BMAB, highlighting itspotential as a feasible, non-pharmacological adjunctive intervention. Further studies should exploreoptimal timing and customization of these interventions to maximize patient benefit."

Biopsy • Clinical • Anesthesia • Hematological Disorders • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Evaluating sedation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A meta-analysis of inhaled versus intravenous agents. (PubMed, J Clin Anesth) - "Inhaled sedation with volatile anesthetics may offer advantages over intravenous sedation in reducing ICU stay and mechanical ventilation duration in ARDS patients. However, the associated alterations in gas exchange parameters warrant cautious interpretation. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings and to optimize sedation strategies in this population."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Anesthesia • Critical care • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Incidence and Risk Factors of Delirium and Subsyndromal Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients: An Observational Study. (PubMed, Nurs Crit Care) - "Implementing routine screening and addressing modifiable risk factors may prevent SSD progression to delirium and enhance ICU patient outcomes."

Journal • Observational data • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Pain

Critical care primary services are associated with reduced midazolam use in the intensive care unit. (PubMed, World J Crit Care Med) - "Continuous midazolam infusion was more likely in patients admitted to the ICU under an open unit with a non-CCM physician with an intensivist consult available, despite guided order-sets and checklists integrated into the EMR."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Pain

Remimazolam as an Adjunct to General Anesthesia During Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease in a Pediatric Patient With a Family History of Malignant Hyperthermia. (PubMed, J Med Cases) - "Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine which possesses sedative, anxiolytic, and amnestic properties similar to those of midazolam. We present anecdotal experience with the use of remimazolam as an adjunct to general anesthesia during the intraoperative care of a 6-month-old patient undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease with cardiopulmonary bypass. Previous reports regarding the use of remimazolam in MH-susceptible patients are reviewed, and its role in this clinical scenario is discussed."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Pediatrics

Oxidative Stress Effects of TIVA, CIVA, and Balanced Anesthesia in VATS (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ataturk University

New trial • Anesthesia

Median effective dose of rocuronium for the prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation: an age-stratified study. (PubMed, BMC Anesthesiol) - P=N/A | "Prophylactic intravenous rocuronium effectively prevents succinylcholine-induced fasciculation, with the median effective dose remaining consistent across age groups (18-44, 45-59, and 60-80 years)."

Journal • Anesthesia • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain

TKA: Nalbuphine Timing Effects on Hemodynamics and Analgesia in Elderly Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=162 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Qianfoshan Hospital

New P4 trial • Orthopedics • Pain

Electroconvulsive Therapy Under Mechanical Ventilation for Catatonia-associated Respiratory Failure. (PubMed, J ECT) - "We report the case of a male patient in his 30s with schizophrenia who developed severe catatonia following discontinuation of clozapine...During this time, the catatonia improved with high-dose lorazepam and midazolam; however, a spontaneous awakening trial (SAT) revealed that the catatonic symptoms had rapidly recurred following a reduction in the sedative dosage...Rather than delaying ECT because of its medical conditions, the treatments, including mechanical ventilation to protect the airway, should be carefully coordinated to enable the safe administration of ECT. Furthermore, SAT can serve as a valuable clinical tool for determining the appropriate timing and the need for ECT in catatonic patients under mechanical ventilation."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases • Schizophrenia

Impact of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Outcomes in Head and Neck Free Flap Surgery. (PubMed, Ann Plast Surg) - "The use of DEX following head and neck cancer resection with immediate microvascular free flap reconstruction may enhance the quality of postoperative care in the ICU by reducing delirium, agitation, and length of ICU stay without increasing surgical complications."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Head and Neck Cancer • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

Severe venlafaxine poisoning successfully rescued with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report. (PubMed, World J Clin Cases) - "In cases of massive venlafaxine ingestion, continuous intensive monitoring, particularly of QTc, is essential for at least 24 hours, even when initial clinical signs are mild. If refractory ventricular arrhythmias occur, prompt initiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Ventricular Tachycardia

Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam versus Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam in Awake Endotracheal Intubation for Difficult Airway Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "All patients first received 0.1μg/kg of sufentanil intravenously for basic analgesia. Remimazolam provides effective sedation for awake tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways. It exerts minimal impact on respiratory and circulatory function, is associated with fewer adverse events, and yields a higher intubation success rate, making it a favorable option for this patient population."

Clinical • Intubation • Journal • Anesthesia • Pain

Comparative efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for conscious sedation in blind nasotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Sixty patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group (1.0 μg/kg, 15 min of infusion + pethidine 1.0 mg/kg) and the midazolam (MID) group (0.02 mg/kg + pethidine 1.0 mg/kg)...The intraoperative fentanyl dosage, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) were recorded, and postoperative numerical rating scale (NRS) score, satisfaction and adverse reaction incidence were evaluated...The dosage of sufentanil, the postoperative NRS score, and adverse reactions (nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression) were reduced in the DEX group (p  0.05). Dexmedetomidine used for blind nasotracheal intubation for oral and maxillofacial surgery can provide comprehensive anesthesia effects, significantly reduce the stress response of tracheal intubation and the dosage of intraoperative opioids, while maintaining good hemodynamic stability."

Intubation • Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Otorhinolaryngology • Psychiatry

Assessing the Influence of a Statewide Dosing Reference Aid on Prehospital Pediatric Medication Dosing Errors: A Mixed-Methods Simulation-Based Investigation. (PubMed, Prehosp Emerg Care) - "Each crew completed three high-fidelity simulations (infant seizure, infant cardiac arrest and child burn) requiring two doses of midazolam, epinephrine, or fentanyl. Immediate causes of error involve incorrect weight, administering air, and improper dilution, which tools like the MI-MEDIC dosing reference aid do not address. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive strategies addressing the active errors identified in our study."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Deep and continuous sedation until death in the French overseas departments. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "This first population-based study of CDSUD in the French overseas departments highlights the need to improve access to this practice, particularly for older adults and those receiving end-of-life care at home. Further prospective and qualitative research is needed."

Journal • Retrospective data • Alzheimer's Disease • Anesthesia • Cognitive Disorders

Remimazolam vs Midazolam to Reduce Delirium in Adults ≥65 Undergoing CPB Valve Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=300 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Yonsei University

New P4 trial • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders

SMILE: Sustained Mood Improvement With Laughing Gas Exposure (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=120 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Women's College Hospital

New P3 trial • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Prediction of human hepatic clearance with HepaSH monolayers for low-turnover compounds. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "This culture system successfully monitored the depletion of low (such as diazepam and quinidine) and moderate-to-high CLint drugs (midazolam). Two low-clearance drugs, disopyramide and warfarin, showed no depletion over 168 hours, indicating limitations in the application of this method for clearance evaluation...In conclusion, a functionally stable culture method for HepaSH monolayers is highly effective for evaluating low-clearance compounds by greatly extending the metabolic reaction time and will be a valuable tool for determining the pharmacokinetic properties of new drug candidates. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrated that combining highly functional HepaSH monolayers with extended drug incubation enables accurate monitoring of low-turnover compound clearance, an outcome that has been difficult to achieve with traditional assays."

Journal

Outcomes of Non-Anesthetist Led Conscious Sedation for 2000 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantations. (PubMed, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv) - "Non-anesthetist-led conscious sedation can be delivered safely in most patients undergoing percutaneous transfemoral TAVR. The need for emergency anesthetic support is low."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

To Determine the Effect of CYP Induction Following Administration of Nirogacestat in Healthy Adult Male Participants (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=16 | Recruiting | Sponsor: SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc.

New P1 trial

Ketamine Versus Midazolam for Recurrence of Suicidality in Adolescents (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=50 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center | N=114 ➔ 50 | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 ➔ Aug 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 ➔ Jul 2025 | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

JAK1 Variant of Uncertain Significance in Super-Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Potential Clue to Tofacitinib Responsiveness (AES 2025) - "At the referring hospital, he was received ten days of intravenous (IV) antiviral therapy and continuous sedation (midazolam and propofol), with a clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) score of 24...Despite immunotherapies—including high-dose IV corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulin (IVIG), and rituximab—followed by cyclophosphamide, tocilizumab, and a ketogenic diet, nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE)—manifested by electrographic seizures and burst–suppression with highly epileptiform bursts—persisted for six months... A heterozygous JAK1 variant of uncertain significance was identified in a patient with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis presenting as new-onset refractory status epilepticus. Although this mutation may be benign and its clinical relevance remains unclear, targeted JAK1 inhibition with tofacitinib produced a marked clinical improvement in an otherwise treatment-refractory case. This report underscores the value of genetic or..."

IO biomarker • Alzheimer's Disease • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Epilepsy • Immunology • Psychiatry • JAK1

Dexmedetomidine for Alcohol Withdrawal: Looks Can Be Deceiving. (PubMed, Cureus) - "He received chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and phenobarbital with resolution of his symptoms. He was later started on dexmedetomidine (0.2 mcg/kg/hr), with no other therapy, during which time he appeared sedated with a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/minute, blood pressure (BP) of 126/80 mmHg, and respiratory rate (RR) of 18 breaths/minute...Maximal sedation was 50 mcg/kg/min of propofol and 14 mg/hr of midazolam...Although dexmedetomidine controls the autonomic instability and behavior associated with alcohol withdrawal, it does not address the underlying pathophysiology, leaving patients to suffer the psychological effects of withdrawal. The role of dexmedetomidine remains to be determined, with studies that address cognitive and long-term outcomes of alcohol withdrawal rather than just vital signs, behavior, and doses of other medications used."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Epilepsy

Nitrous oxide for the treatment of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, EBioMedicine) - "N2O demonstrates rapid, reproducible antidepressant effects in early-phase trials. Its future clinical value depends on whether these effects can be sustained over time through optimised dosing and extended/repeated use. Improved trial design, outcome standardisation, and population diversity is required to clarify its full potential for the treatment of depression."

Journal • Retrospective data • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry