rifampicin/isoniazid/ethambutol/pyrazinamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Isolated epididymal tuberculosis presenting as a chronic hydrocele: A rare manifestation of genitourinary TB. (PubMed, IDCases) - "The patient completed nine months of standard anti-tuberculosis therapy comprising intensive phase (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for two months) followed by continuation phase (rifampicin and isoniazid for seven months) with complete clinical and radiological resolution...In tuberculosis-endemic regions, maintaining high clinical suspicion for tuberculosis even in routine scrotal pathology is essential. Epididymal tuberculosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of chronic hydrocele, particularly in endemic areas, and routine histopathological examination of all surgical specimens with multidisciplinary collaboration remains crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

AIPH-TB-RCT-P2: AIPH-TB: AI-Optimised Pyrazinamide-Hydroxychloroquine vs Standard RIPE for Drug-Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis - A Phase II RCT (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=200 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

New P2 trial • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

BIOMARK4TB: Clinical trial in multiple hospitals to explore new ways to diagnose and monitor tuberculosis treatment (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P4 | N=75 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Fundacion Para La Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz

Biomarker • New P4 trial • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for Evaluating Regulatory Compliance of Drug Information and Clinical Trial Protocols. (PubMed, CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol) - "The drug information for adalimumab, insulin glargine, atorvastatin calcium, sertraline, and alprazolam was evaluated for compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical pharmacology guidance for indications, use in specific populations, and warnings and precautions. The reasons for the withdrawal of rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and troglitazone were elicited. The clinical trial protocol evaluation system was used to assess a Phase-2a clinical trial protocol of Rifafour in tuberculosis with the FDA E9 and E9 (R1) guidance documents...The findings aligned with manual protocol reviews. RAG-based AI methods can improve the usefulness of LLMs in document-restricted settings and are a promising approach for evaluating the compliance of clinical pharmacology documents."

Compliance • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Chasing shadows: case series of six posterior segment manifestations of ocular tuberculosis. (PubMed, AME Case Rep) - "All patients received standard RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) therapy with a tapered oral corticosteroid course...In endemic regions, early suspicion supported by TST/IGRA and multimodal imaging, followed by RIPE plus corticosteroids, can control inflammation and mitigate vision-threatening complications. Vigilance for secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and timely surgical intervention is essential."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders • Tuberculosis • Uveitis • Vasculitis

Miliary tuberculosis complicated by tuberculous vasculitis and ischemic stroke in a 16-year-old female patient: a case report. (PubMed, J Med Case Rep) - "This case highlights the challenges of managing miliary tuberculosis with complications such as vasculitis and ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment approach, including antituberculosis therapy and rehabilitation, led to significant improvement. It underscores the need for strengthened healthcare systems and timely interventions to improve outcomes in complex tuberculosis cases."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Cough • Infectious Disease • Ischemic stroke • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Vasculitis

Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability and Early Bactericidal Activity of RESP30TB in Tuberculosis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=24 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Thirty Respiratory Limited | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Cerebral Abscess Masquerading as Tuberculoma in a Post-Renal Transplant Chronic Kidney Disease Patient: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "Laboratory investigations revealed significant renal impairment, persistent hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and subtherapeutic tacrolimus levels (2.50 ng/mL), reflecting challenges of CKD and chronic immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. Treatment included intravenous ceftriaxone, dexamethasone, and a CKD-adjusted anti-TB regimen (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide), alongside phenytoin and continued immunosuppressants. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of distinguishing cerebral abscesses from tuberculomas in post-transplant patients, highlighting the pivotal role of multi-modal imaging (MRI, MRS) and tailored therapy to manage infection, immunosuppression, and comorbidities effectively."

Journal • Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Glioma • Heart Failure • High Grade Glioma • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Organ Transplantation • Solid Tumor • Transplantation

NEW-STRAT TB: Testing New Strategies for Patients Hospitalised With HIV-associated Disseminated Tuberculosis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=732 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: University of Cape Town | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 ➔ Mar 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 ➔ Dec 2025

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

1H-NMR-based metabolomics study of Rifafour in a healthy Kramnik (C3HeB/FeJ) tuberculosis mouse model. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "That is, these findings highlight the need to distinguish drug-induced metabolic abnormalities from those resulting from infections, consequently aiding the interpretation of metabolomic data in tuberculosis research and improving the development of more accurate therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Hence, future studies can focus on the perturbed metabolites from TB and account for metabolites resulting from anti-TB medication, as shown in this study."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Hepatic disseminated mycobacterium infection: a case report and a literature review. (PubMed, AME Case Rep) - "Following diagnosis, the patient was treated with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and clarithromycin. For patients with multi-organ disseminated infection involving the liver, conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs are less effective, and the infection continues to pose a serious threat that should be considered a high priority. When formulating NTM chemotherapy regimens, combination therapy should be selected based on drug susceptibility testing results, and ongoing monitoring of both drug sensitivity and safety should be ensured throughout the treatment process."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Lower Lobe, Higher Suspicion: An Atypical Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was discharged home on standard RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) therapy for six months and instructed to follow up with his primary care physician. This case highlights the atypical nature of this patient's presentation regarding the location of their TB infection, as well as the absence of traditional risk factors associated with TB. In this case, we will discuss the diagnostic challenges associated with atypical TB cases and how occupational exposures may contribute to the onset, severity, or location of TB infection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

A Rare Case of Hepatic Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Patient (ACG 2025) - "Patient was initiated on RIPE therapy (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)...Definitive diagnosis requires liver biopsy showing caseating granulomas.Figure: Figure 1: Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Image confirming5.2 x 3.3 cm heterogenous mass in the liver. Figure 2: Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Image showing complete resolution of hepatic mass"

Clinical • Anesthesia • Cough • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Unraveling the Diagnosis: Mycobacterial Infection Presenting as Suspected Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ACG 2025) - "She was treated with RIPE therapy (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) and azithromycin for MAC, with symptom resolution. (B) Histology of ileum with active ileitis, ulceration, and non-necrotizing granulomas. (C) AFB stain positive for acid-fast bacilli.​"

Crohn's disease • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

A RARE CASE OF CONSTRICTIVE TUBERCULOSIS PERICARDITIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT (CHEST 2025) - "Given concern for TB, rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE) and colchicine were initiated, and the patient was subsequently discharged. TP is a rare extrapulmonary complication of TB. Early treatment as a result of early diagnosis and clinical suspicion leads to improved patient outcomes. In addition to multidisciplinary care, knowledge of national reference lab capabilities and other available resources is integral to optimizing TB diagnosis and management."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Cough • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTION IN THE SETTING OF IDIOPATHIC CD4 LYMPHOCYTOPENIA (CHEST 2025) - "16S rRNA sequencing identified Mycobacterium tilburgii, and the patient began empiric antimycobacterial therapy (with Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) along with outpatient Amikacin infusions. Invasive NTM infections continue to be an important consideration in patients presenting with unexplained systemic and GI symptoms as well as weight loss, particularly with diagnostic evidence of immunocompromise. Treatment often remains empiric and based on a limited amount of case reports – additional research is needed to guide diagnosis and choice of therapy for these organisms."

Lymphopenia • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • CD4 • CD8

TB OR NOT TB? WITH A PNEUMOTHORAX ON THE SIDE (CHEST 2025) - "Infectious disease initiated fluconazole, rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol pending final AFB culture results. Significant pleural effusion in addition to risk factors with tobacco use should prompt additional studies for underlying malignancy. Although pneumothorax is not a common complication of chest tube placement, this should be a consideration if no improvement is noted."

Congestive Heart Failure • Cough • Heart Failure • Infectious Disease • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Thyroid Gland Carcinoma • Tuberculosis

TUBERCULOSIS-IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME WITH WORSENING LYMPHADENOPATHY AND PULMONARY INFILTRATES IN HIV-NEGATIVE, IMMUNOCOMPETENT INDIVIDUAL (CHEST 2025) - "RIPE (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) regimen was initiated, leading to clinical improvement with weight gain...RIPE was therefore continued with added intravenous linezolid and levofloxacin. Prednisone was initiated for suspected TB-IRIS and within two days, symptoms improved, including reduced neck swelling and odynophagia... Identifying clear predictive factors and clinically proven treatment for TB-IRIS can ultimately prevent excessive inflammation and clinical deterioration despite anti-TB treatment. Additional studies are needed to characterize and optimize management of TB-IRIS in HIV-negative, immunocompetent patients."

Clinical • Cough • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

A TENUOUS TRAJECTORY FROM TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE OF TUBERCULOSIS SEPSIS (CHEST 2025) - "Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, intravenous levofloxacin, and intravenous vancomycin were initiated 27 hours after presentation. The use of corticosteroids may be considered for tuberculosis sepsis but remains an area of additional study. Prompt initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy is paramount in reducing sepsis related mortality."

Clinical • Bronchiectasis • Cachexia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cough • Diabetes • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypotension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia • Metabolic Disorders • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Pulmonary Embolism • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Tuberculosis • IL2RA • ISG20

THE GREAT MASQUERADER: PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS MIMICKING MALIGNANCY (CHEST 2025) - "The lung biopsy further confirmed tuberculosis with chronic inflammation and granulomas seen on histologic examination and malignancy was ruled out as there was only benign tissue.Our patient was initially treated with azithromycin and ceftriaxone for suspected pneumonia, the patient continued to have persistent fevers and tachycardia, prompting a switch to piperacillin-tazobactam...Once tuberculosis was confirmed, he was placed airborne precautions and started on anti-TB therapy, including rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and pyridoxine... The complexity of pulmonary tuberculosis is seen in this case. The initial negative TB tests and the presence of nodules and pleural effusion shows the importance of a broad differential. This case supports the importance of considering tuberculosis in atypical presentations, particularly in patients from endemic regions, to ensure timely and effective management."

Coronary Artery Disease • Cough • Infectious Disease • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Tuberculosis

DISSEMINATED TB MASKING AS ACUTE ABDOMEN, PERFORATE VISCUS, AND MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS (CHEST 2025) - "Patient is being treated with rifampin, amikacin, linezolid, and metronidazole while on the ventilator multiple vasopressors, unable to tolerate oral therapy. He will be treated with Rifampin-isoniazid-pyrazinamide-ethambutol therapy as soon as able... Tuberculosis causing abdominal compromise is a diagnostic challenge. Often peritoneal TB mimics other pathologies including malignancy. Physician awareness about this rare manifestation and a high index of suspicion is required prompt diagnosis and management"

Cardiovascular • Cough • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CRP

The case of cutaneous TB in person living with HIV from Eastern European country of Georgia (EACS 2025) - "Combination therapy with rifampicin/isoniazid/ethambutol/pyrazinamide was started... In HIV-infected patients with chronic skin lesions cutaneous tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis and appropriate investigations should be performed for the timely diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis. Pic.A Pic.2"

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Tuberculosis • CD4

MCC124. Medically Challenging Cases 124: Critical Care - Monitor 4 (ASA 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Critical care

QI04. MCC Quality Improvement Projects 4: Cardiac Anesthesia - Monitor 4 (ASA 2025) - No abstract available

Anesthesia

MCC84. Medically Challenging Cases 84: Cardiac Anesthesia/Professional Issues - Monitor 4 (ASA 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Anesthesia