ethosuximide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A CASE OF CLASS V LUPUS NEPHRITIS REQUIRING DIFFERENTIATION FROM DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS CAUSED BY ETHOSUXIMIDE (ISN-WCN 2026) - "Prednisolone (PSL) was administered from the second week, and maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was added from the fourth week. Furthermore, the presence of nephrotic-range proteinuria is an indication for renal biopsy, which led to the diagnosis of class V LN in this case. Even when it is difficult to distinguish between DILE and SLE, if there is significant proteinuria, the possibility of LN should be considered, and prompt evaluation, including renal biopsy, should be performed."

Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Glomerulonephritis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology

Patterns of Response to Treatment and Outcome of Childhood Absence Epilepsy: A Multicenter Study From Saudi Arabia. (PubMed, Pediatr Neurol) - "CAE patients in Saudi Arabian tertiary care centers demonstrate favorable outcomes, with high response rates with monotherapy. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve prognosis, as suggested by the trend toward higher recurrence rates in patients diagnosed at older ages."

Clinical • Journal • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Parkinsonism and Breakthrough Seizures in Medically Refractory Epilepsy: A Case Report (AAN 2026) - "Previously, multiple alternative antiseizure medications including Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Ethosuximide, Zonisamide, and Levetiracetam were ineffective or poorly tolerated.The patient had received two cycles of Cemiplimab (March–April 2025) for SCC, after which his tremors and rigidity progressively worsened. This case underscores that seizures and subacute parkinsonism are rare, but significant ICI related complications. Symptom stabilization was achieved with a combination of Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, Clobazam, and Corticosteroids after other antiepileptics were poorly tolerated."

Case report • Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Immunology • Movement Disorders • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures Secondary to Forced Normalization Phenomenon in a Patient with Eyelid Myoclonia with Absence Epilepsy (Jeavons Syndrome): A Case Report (AAN 2026) - "Psychosis is most common, but other manifestations, including PNES, may occur.Design/ A 26-year-old female with long-standing, drug-resistant EEM began experiencing eyelid myoclonia and absence seizures at age 10, refractory to multiple antiseizure medications (oxcarbazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, lacosamide)...Ethosuximide was discontinued, while levetiracetam and clobazam were maintained... This is the first reported case of PNES as a manifestation of FN in EEM, representing the close interaction between epilepsy control and emergent psychiatric symptoms. Ethosuximide may act as a pharmacological trigger in susceptible patients. Early recognition of FN is crucial for preventing misdiagnosis and optimizing interdisciplinary management strategies."

Case report • Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders

Validation of Pediatric Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Diagnoses from the Danish National Patient Register During 1994-2019 (AAN 2026) - "Adding ethosuximide prescription before age 8 years improved the PPV for childhood absence epilepsy to 59%, but sensitivity remained low (17%)... The Danish National Patient Register and the Danish Prescription Database are not reliable for identifying idiopathic generalized epilepsy subtypes in children, except juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, which can be identified with acceptable accuracy but should be interpreted with caution. Without chart review, register data can only identify the broad category of "any epilepsy" (ICD-10: G40–G41) rather than specific idiopathic generalized epilepsy subtypes."

Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Pediatrics

"The cure better not worse than the illness" - lessons from ethosuximide in irritable bowel syndrome. (PubMed, Gastroenterology) - No abstract available

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Clinical features associated with a response to ethosuximide in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation in sleep. (PubMed, Epilepsy Behav) - "A trend towards an association of ETX responder and normal MRI was seen but did not reach statistical significance. Overall, our data supports the use of ETX in (D)EE-SWAS, and that it is possible to predict ETX responders based on clinical factors."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Sleep Disorder

Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures: genetic aetiologies, outcomes and prognostic indicators. (PubMed, Brain Commun) - "The most effective drugs were valproate, ethosuximide, benzodiazepines and phenobarbital, used in different combinations, whereas the newer drugs offered no benefit. Our findings expand its genetic landscape and highlight the prognostic value of prompt overall neurodevelopmental assessment at clinical onset. Whole exome sequencing should be prioritized for early diagnosis and counselling."

Biomarker • Journal • Absence Seizure Disorder • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • YWHAG

Ethosuximide and Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Related Abdominal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (PubMed, JAMA Netw Open) - P2 | "These findings do not support the use of ethosuximide for IBS pain management but highlight the need for development of more selective and better-tolerated T-type calcium channel modulators. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02973542."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Pain • Sleep Disorder • CAV3

Psychiatric and behavioural side effects of antiseizure medications in epilepsy. (PubMed, J Neurol) - "PBSEs can often be anticipated, mitigated, and frequently reversed. A risk-stratified prescribing strategy-monotherapy first, enzyme-neutral or mood-friendly medications for vulnerable patients, folate supplementation for inducers, and early switch from offending agents-can safeguard mental health without compromising seizure control."

Adverse events • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Correlations between antiseizure medications and interictal epileptiform discharges in the idiopathic generalized epilepsies: A retrospective exploratory analysis of home video-electroencephalographic studies. (PubMed, Epilepsia) - "Carbamazepine is associated with increased interictal event rate, whereas the valproate and lamotrigine combination is associated with reduced interictal event rate and burden. Our findings also demonstrate that increased IED outcomes are associated with seizure occurrence."

Journal • Retrospective data • Video • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Spike-wave discharges are uncoupled with cognitive outcome in aged Long-Evans rats. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "Together these findings provide evidence that the disrupted excitatory/inhibitory balance associated with individual differences in cognitive aging is unrelated to the SWD increase seen in aged rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

Evaluation of ASM with new mechanisms of action in the GAERS model of absence seizure (AES 2025) - "Indeed, SWD in GAERS are inhibited by the anti-seizure medications (ASM) used to treat absence seizures, such as ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine. But SWD in GAERS are also aggravated by ASM or other drugs known for worsening absence in patients, e.g. carbamazepine or vigabatrin.Some recent compounds with antiseizure properties and specific mechanisms of action have never been evaluated in the GAERS...Retigabine (4-8 mg/kg PO) produced a significant aggravation of SWD... Evaluation of new mechanisms of action in the GAERS may provide fresh hypothesis for the development of new compounds addressing absence seizures. Our study indicates that targeting potassium channels may be at risk of aggravating SWD, whereas targeting the 5-HT system may produce an interesting effect on absence seizures."

Absence Seizure Disorder • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with ASH1L mutations: A Natural History Study of Genotype-Phenotype Correlation (AES 2025) - "Seizures responded to broad spectrum anti-seizure medications (ASMs), mostly with mono- or dual therapy, including Ethosuximide, Valproate, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Clobazam. Our study has demonstrated a higher prevalence and worse phenotypic severity of epilepsy, in female patients with ASH1L mutations, which may implicate sex-specific epigenetic mechanisms of ASH1L in epileptogenesis."

Late-breaking abstract • Neurodevelopmental • Absence Seizure Disorder • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Tic Disorders • Tourette Syndrome • ASH1L

Clinical Signature and Longitudinal Seizure Pattern of SLC6A1-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (AES 2025) - "The most common ASMs used were valproic acid (59%, 13/22), levetiracetam (59%, 13/22), lamotrigine (50%, 11/22), ethosuximide (45%, 10/22), and clobazam (41%, 9/22). This study represents a large longitudinal investigation of SLC6A1-related epilepsy. The natural history of seizures seen in this cohort demonstrates a unique pattern of seizure onset that contrasts with patterns previously described in STXBP1, SYNGAP1, and SCN8A (McKee et al. 2024, medRxiv)."

Clinical • Neurodevelopmental • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • SCN8A • XBP1

From the patient to the mouse: how clinically-validated anti-seizure medications can perform in a pre-clinical mouse model of MTLE. (AES 2025) - "We selected gabapentine and lacosamide, approved in clinic for focal-onset seizures, ethosuximide, approved for absence epilepsy only, and fenfluramine, approved for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet and Lennox–Gastaut syndromes...The voltage-dependent calcium channel ligand gabapentin (10-300 mg/kg IP) induced a dose-dependent reduction of HPD, accompanied by a significant reduction of the duration of remaining events... Our study better characterizes the translational predictivity of the MTLE mouse model for the development of pharmacological tools addressing focal seizures."

Preclinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Epilepsy Course And Treatment Response In Individuals With CACNA1A Haploinsufficiency: A Multicenter And Automated Literature-Based Analysis (AES 2025) - "ASMs with broad mechanism of action (valproate, topiramate, zonisamide) resulted in seizure decrease (20/29 use cases, 69%), whereas ethosuximide only led to seizure decrease in 2/7 (28.6%) cases. Epilepsy in LoF CACNA1A variants presents with marked phenotypic variability and predominantly generalized phenotypes with typical and atypical absence seizures that are not responsive to ethosuximide. Earlier seizure onset and higher degree of intellectual disability may be associated with worse seizure control in this population. The presence of EA, though often delayed, along with developmental delay, can prompt considering genetic testing in individuals with history of generalized epilepsy."

Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • Ataxia • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • CACNA1A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Spuriously Masking as Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy - An Argument for Early Genetic Testing (AES 2025) - "Despite trial of high doses of Keppra, Depakote, Zonisamide, and Ethosuximide, he continued to have frequent daily absence seizures, impairing his ability to attend school. Though this patient met all clinical and electrographic criteria for a diagnosis of JME, his genetic testing revealed he unexpectedly had pseudohypoparathyroidism, a treatable endocrine disorder. Pseudohypoparathyroidism can present with multiple seizure semiologies and generalized interictal discharges on EEG, similarly to JME, however, it is treated very differently. This case illustrates the value and importance of considering early genetic testing in JME patients, especially if medically intractable."

Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders

EPIPOP: Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic in Pediatrics (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=753 | Completed | Sponsor: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Pediatrics

Oral ethosuximide treatment in a child with short bowel syndrome. (PubMed, Pediatr Int) - No abstract available

Journal • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Short Bowel Syndrome

Ethosuximide ameliorates clinical and pathological phenotypes in a mouse model of SCA42 (Neuroscience 2025) - "Using the knock-in mouse model of SCA42, we demonstrated that ETX suppresses Purkinje cell degeneration and improves ataxic symptoms by modulating the voltage dependence of the variant Cav3.1. These findings suggest that ETX is a promising candidate for disease-modifying therapy in SCA42."

Preclinical • Ataxia • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • CAV3

Spatial metabolic profiles of brain sections from mouse models of absence epilepsy (Neuroscience 2025) - "Ethosuximide, the first line treatment for absence epilepsy, fails 50% of patients, thereby motivating the need to identify more effective treatment options...This is achieved using Spatial Augmented Multiomics Interface (SAMI), a computational workflow designed for MALDI-TOF imaging analysis. Overall, our study provides a preliminary spatial map of neuronal metabolic features associated with SWDs and serves as a steppingstone to determine if targeting metabolic processes may serve as a treatment option for patients with absence epilepsy."

Preclinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Characterization of spike-and-wave discharges modulation by ethosuximide in the GAERS model of absence seizures with extended homecage EEG monitoring (Neuroscience 2025) - "The epileptic activity is notably different from evaluations in forced wakefulness, and it can better match the spontaneous SWDs in humans. The assessment of pharmacological effects over 24 hours can allow a better pharmacodynamic characterization of antiabsence compounds in preclinical studies."

Late-breaking abstract • Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Case Report: Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency type I caused by splicing disruption due to a novel missense variant in the ADSL gene. (PubMed, Front Genet) - "Seizures were temporarily controlled with ethosuximide and vigabatrin, though neurodegeneration progressed. This case highlights splicing disruption as a novel pathogenic mechanism in ALD and expands the mutational spectrum associated with the disease. This case also underscores the importance of integrating RNA analysis with genomic data to uncover cryptic splicing defects, especially when protein-level predictions suggest benignity."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders

Site-selective addition of succinimide motif through nitro-assisted C-H functionalization of (hetero) arenes under rhodium catalysis. (PubMed, Arch Pharm Res) - "Succinimide motifs are recognized as privileged cores in anticonvulsants and antipsychotics such as phensuximide, ethosuximide, and lurasidone. The versatility of the developed protocol is demonstrated through nitro-group reduction, reductive cyclization of the synthesized products, and selective modifications of the succinimide framework. Mechanistic studies, including deuterium-labeling and kinetic isotope effect experiments, helped elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism."

Journal • CNS Disorders