apramycin (EBL-1003) / Juvabis - LARVOL DELTA

Systematic review of apramycin resistance in bacteria from humans and animals (ESCMID Global 2026) - No abstract available

Review

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of apramycin to optimise dosing in healthy and renally impaired populations (ESCMID Global 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • PK/PD data

High pulmonary exposure and potent antibacterial activity of inhaled apramycin in experimental Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia (ESCMID Global 2026) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

First Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Septicaemic Piglets in Poland. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "All the isolates obtained from affected lungs were susceptible to apramycin, ceftiofur, gentamycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin, presented intermediate susceptibility to florfenicol, and were resistant to other tested antibiotics. MLST analysis of the isolates demonstrated a complex metabolic profile of the bacteria with genes attributable to the hypervirulent phenotype. To the best of our knowledge, we documented the first outbreak of K. pneumoniae septicaemia in suckling piglets reared in Poland."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Multicentre preclinical profiling of apramycin for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria. (PubMed, EBioMedicine) - "For M. abscessus and M. chelonae, the APR MIC90 was four-to eight-fold lower than that of AMK, and demonstrated enhanced bacterial killing. Collectively, our findings suggest APR has potent activity against NTM and warrants consideration for further clinical development."

Journal • Preclinical • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 6″-Modified Apramycin Derivatives to Overcome Aminoglycoside Resistance. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Moreover, the new compounds exhibited the ability to circumvent aminoglycoside resistance mediated by enzymatic modification and showed reduced cytotoxicity in mammalian cell assays. The distinctive pharmacological properties of apramycin and its newly synthesized derivatives, particularly their resilience to common resistance mechanisms and low cytotoxicity, highlight apramycin as a valuable structural scaffold for the development of next-generation aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and safety."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Enhanced activity of apramycin and apramycin-based combinations against Mycobacteroides abscessus. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Apramycin exhibits more potent in vitro activity against a diverse set of M. abscessus and other rapidly growing mycobacteria than currently recommended aminoglycosides."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Otorhinolaryngology

The novel plasmid pCF1 can be acquired by sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of people with CF and cause extreme tobramycin resistance (NACFC 2025) - "This gene also produced resistance to kanamycin and gentamicin; but neither the aac(3)-like gene nor aph(3)-Ib gene conferred resistance to amikacin, netilmicin, apramycin, and plazomicin. The novel pCF1 plasmid encodes a novel aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase that produces eTobR and can be transferred to sensitive Pa strains from other organisms within the lungs of PwCF. The plasmid produces minimal fitness costs to host Pa and is highly stable even in the absence of antibiotics. These characteristics make pCF1 acquisition a particular threat to the health of PwCF."

Infectious Disease

Structure-Guided Mechanistic Investigation of Stereochemical Inversion during the Octose Formation Catalyzed by an Atypical Transaldolase AprG in the Biosynthesis of Apramycin. (PubMed, ACS Catal) - "These findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of AprG and suggest strategies for engineering biocatalysts with tailored stereochemical properties. More broadly, this work provides a framework for modifying transaldolase activity, expanding its potential applications in chemoenzymatic synthesis and metabolic engineering."

Journal

Antibiotics and non-traditional antimicrobial agents for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials. (PubMed, Expert Opin Investig Drugs) - "Specifically, 9 antibiotics are in Phase 1 (R-327, xeruborbactam/QPX-7728, upleganan/SPR-206, MRX-8, QPX-9003, zifanocycline/KBP-7072, apramycin/EBL-1003, zosurabalpin/RG-6006, and ANT-3310), two in Phase 2 (BV-100, OMN-6), and two in Phase 3 (zidebactam/WCK-5222, funobactam/XNW-4107) clinical trials...In particular, two monoclonal antibodies (TRL-1068, CMTX-101), a phage therapy (Phagebank), an immune-modulating agent (recombinant human plasma gelsolin/Rhu-pGSN), a microbiome-modulating agent (SER-155), and an engineered cationic antibiotic peptide (PLG-0206). Several agents with promising characteristics against CRAB infections are in clinical development (Phases 1, 2, and 3). The urgent need for therapeutic options against CRAB infections necessitates optimizing efforts and time for introducing successfully studied agents into clinical practice."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • GSN

Synergistic activity of silver nanoparticles and antibiotics: apramycin against Escherichia coli. (PubMed, Nanoscale Adv) - "Severe damage in bacteria walls, including double membrane rupture and cytoplasm leakage, was observed when the combination of apramycin and silver was used. In general, the presence of apramycin has promoted silver uptake by bacteria."

Journal

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis isolated from local pig breeds in Jiangxi Province, China. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that >98% of isolates were susceptible to carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem), followed by doxycycline (71.6%), ceftiofur (65.9%), spectinomycin (64.4%), and amoxicillin (55.8%). High resistance rates were observed for tilmicosin (96.6%), sulfadiazine (92.8%), colistin (89.9%), apramycin (88.9%), chlortetracycline (87.5%), tiamulin (83.2%), and kanamycin (79.8%)...Multidrug-resistant S. suis strains have become widespread among local pig breeds. This study could provide evidence-based guidance for developing effective prevention and control strategies against S. suis infections and protecting valuable genetic resources of indigenous pig breeds."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Antibiotics and non-traditional antimicrobial agents for pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical phases 1, 2, and 3 trials. (PubMed, Expert Opin Investig Drugs) - "Traditional agents in clinical development include β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (funobactam, taniborbactam, QPX2014-xeruborbactam), aminoglycosides (apramycin), polymyxin derivatives (upleganan, MRX-8, and SPR741), fluoroquinolones (MP-376), and lipopolysaccharide transport inhibitors (murepavadin). Non-traditional antibiotics in clinical development include anti-virulence agents (fluorothiazinone), monoclonal antibodies (INFEX-702, TRL-1068, and CMTX-101), bacteriophages (AP-PA02, YPT-01, BX004-A, and WRAIR-PAM-CF1), and miscellaneous agents (AR-501, PLG-0206, SNSP-113, OligoG CF-5/20, and ALX-009). A considerable number of antimicrobial agents, some with novel mechanisms of action, are in clinical phases of development for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The urgent need for more therapeutic options necessitates the rapid optimization of progress to introduce new agents into clinical practice."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Enhanced Activity of Apramycin and Apramycin-Based Combinations Against Mycobacteroides abscessus. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "The goal of this study was to compare apramycin's in vitro activity with amikacin and other aminoglycosides against a large collection of M. abscessus clinical isolates, both alone and in combination with clofazimine or linezolid...Plazomicin was inactive, and organisms were rarely susceptible to tobramycin...Apramycin was similarly potent against other rapidly growing mycobacteria tested. Apramycin exhibits more potent in vitro activity against a diverse set of M. abscessus and other rapidly growing mycobacteria than approved aminoglycosides."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Respiratory Diseases

Assessing the therapeutic potential of an apramycin-gallium combination for treating Acinetobacter baumannii lung infections (ESCMID Global 2025) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Characterization of blaNDM-5-bearing IncHI2 plasmid from Escherichia fergusonii in China. (PubMed, J Glob Antimicrob Resist) - "This is the first report on the characterization of blaNDM-5-bearing IncHI2 plasmid in E. fergusonii. Surveillance and control measures should be implemented to arrest the transmission of blaNDM-5 from food animals."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Isolation and Identification of Streptomyces sp. D-6 and Its Protective Effect on Crucian auratus. (PubMed, Microb Pathog) - "The optimal fermentation time of the strain was the 4th day, and its antibacterial active substances were stable, resistant to high temperature and ultraviolet light, and not affected by proteases.The MIC and MBC values of the fermentation broth and fermentation supernatant were 32 times diluted, and the corresponding antibiotic titers were 1189.95 μg/mL for apramycin and 818.06 μg/mL for kanamycin...After feeding, it was found that the strain effectively increase the specific growth rate of Carassius auratus, and the activities of ACP and CAT in serum were significantly enhanced. The whole genome analysis provides an effective scientific basis for the development and utilization of strain D-6 and lays a foundation for its application in aquaculture."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Pharmacodynamic assessment of apramycin against Mycobacterium abscessus in a hollow fibre infection model. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Apramycin exhibited greater pharmacodynamic activity than amikacin against amikacin-susceptible M. abscessus isolates and may be a promising therapy for this pathogen. However, antibiotic combination strategies to minimize apramycin resistance from emerging may be necessary."

Journal • PK/PD data • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Distinct Patterns of Antibiotic Sensitivities in Ammonia-Oxidising Archaea. (PubMed, Environ Microbiol) - "The aim of this study was to test the effects of selected antibiotics (hygromycin B, neomycin, apramycin, puromycin, novobiocin) on pure cultures of three well studied AOA strains, 'Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandianus C13', Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 and Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. viennensis EN76 was inhibited by trimethoprim, but not by chloramphenicol, and growth recovered within days in the presence of simvastatin, suggesting either degradation of, or spontaneous resistance against, this compound. This study highlights the physiological differences between different genera of AOA and has identified new candidate antibiotics for selective enrichment and the development of selectable markers for genetic systems in AOA."

Journal

Reproductive loss attributed to Lactococcus petauri infection in a black-and-white ruffed lemur. (PubMed, J Vet Diagn Invest) - "The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates by the disk diffusion method revealed resistance to tylosin, gentamicin, apramycin, neomycin, amikacin, ampicillin, and florfenicol. We attributed the reproductive loss in this lemur to placental and fetal infection by L. petauri."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease

Synthesis of Methyl Aprabiosaminide and 2-Hydroxyapramycin from Apramycin. (PubMed, Org Lett) - "We describe a protocol for the selective cleavage of the 2-deoxystreptamine ring from the structurally unusual aminoglycoside antibiotic apramycin, enabling for the first time the preparation of aprabiosamine derivatives. We further describe reglycosylation of the aprabiosamine core with a selectively protected optically pure streptamine derivative, giving, after deprotection, 2-hydroxyapramycin, the first apramycin derivative functionalized at the 2 position."

Journal

Pulmonary Delivery of Antibiotics to the Lungs: Current State and Future Prospects. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Side effects, safety concerns, and disappointing clinical trial results remain barriers to regulatory approval. In this review, we describe some possible approaches to address these issues and highlight prospects in this area."

Journal • Review • Bronchiectasis • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

MarR family regulator LcbR2 activates lincomycin biosynthesis in multiple ways. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "Moreover, the binding of LcbR2 to DNA can be attenuated by apramycin. This study thus characterized LcbR2 as a novel transcriptional regulator with a broad regulatory scope."

Journal • Infectious Disease

N-Acetyl cysteine exhibits antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity against Salmonella enterica. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "In this work, we found that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibits S. enterica at MIC of 3 mg ml-1 and synergistically activates the bactericidal activities of common antibiotics from three-fold for ampicillin and apramycin up to1000-fold for gentamycin. The whole-genome sequencing revealed that continuous exposure of S. enterica to NAC leads to the development of resistance; these resistant strains are attenuated for virulence. These results suggest that NAC may be a promising adjuvant to antibiotics for treating S. enterica in combination with other antibiotics."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Pathogenicity and drug resistance characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from dairy cows. (PubMed, Pol J Vet Sci) - "The study revealed that S. agalactiae was fully susceptible to streptomycin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cefquinome, and cloxacillin in general laboratory settings and within milk samples. However, among the antibiotics tested, tetracycline exhibited the highest level of resistance, with rates reaching 70%. Penicillin showed a resistance level of 50%, followed by doxycycline at 30%. Additionally, the resistance rates for apramycin and cefoxitin were both 20%, whereas florfenicol resistance was observed at a rate of 10%...mellonella) larvae and mouse models. These findings contribute to understanding the relationship between the pathogenic properties of S. agalactiae and the virulence genes it carries."

Journal • Infectious Disease