apramycin (EBL-1003) / Juvabis - LARVOL DELTA

Systematic review of apramycin resistance in bacteria from humans and animals (ESCMID Global 2026) - No abstract available

Review

High pulmonary exposure and potent antibacterial activity of inhaled apramycin in experimental Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia (ESCMID Global 2026) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of apramycin to optimise dosing in healthy and renally impaired populations (ESCMID Global 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • PK/PD data

The efficacy of apramycin use in animals: a scoping review. (PubMed, Vet J) - "The remaining inferred effects, either without a comparison group (uncontrolled studies) or without statistical analysis between groups. Data suggest that apramycin can be effective for the treatment and prevention of enteric disease in calves, piglets, poultry and rabbits, at least under certain production systems, predominantly against disease caused by E. coli, but more robust data and studies involving current production systems are needed."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Biosynthesis and biotechnological engineering of aminoglycosides: Pathways, enzymes, and industrial prospects. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "The biosynthetic routes of key AGs such as neomycin (NEO), kanamycin (KAN), gentamicin (GEN), tobramycin (TOB), apramycin (APR), and sisomicin (SIS) have been mapped out, involving enzymatic steps like aminocyclitol core formation, glycosylation, and tailoring modifications. Due to rising concerns over bacterial resistance, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity, biotechnology approaches that modify enzymes or reprogram pathways provide promising strategies for developing next-generation AGs. This review summarizes current advances in AG biosynthesis, emphasizes enzyme-based methods, and outlines future directions for industrial production and the rational design of AG derivatives via biotechnology."

Journal • Review

CRISPR-Cas Based Plasmid Design for Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates. (PubMed, FEMS Microbiol Lett) - "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were determined according to EUCAST guidelines...Apramycin (50 μg/mL) was identified as a suitable selection marker. The pSGKP-AmpR(Pro)-ApmR plasmid was successfully constructed, whereas Cas9 and APOBEC constructs could not be cloned. Overall, this study highlights technical challenges in developing CRISPR-based tools for MDR K. pneumoniae and emphasizes the need for isolate-specific plasmid design and gRNA optimization."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

G1405 Ribosomal Methyltransferase-Driven Antibacterial Resistance Affects the 4,5-Disubstituted-2-deoxystreptamine Class of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. (PubMed, JACS Au) - "In contrast, AGA modifications that enhance affinity for the drug binding pocket will afford compounds that are not susceptible to G1405 RMTase activity, as is found for propylamycin and the apralogs. Future antibiotic discovery campaigns based on 4,5-AGAs and apramycin should take these findings into account."

Journal

Prevalence and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from food and human sources. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The results of testing of 50 P. aeruginosa isolates against sixteen antibiotics revealed a relatively high antibiotic resistance for Amoxicillin (100%), Erythromycin (98%), Cephradine (90%), Colistin (82%), Oxytetracyclin, (79%), Chloramphenicol (70%), Doxycycline (70%), and Kanamycin (62%) and high susceptibility for Imipenem (96%), Apramycin (94%), Amikacin (90%), Norfloxacin (78%), Sulphamethoxazol (86%), Enrofloxacin (64%), and Ofloxacin (60%). The dendrogram investigation by ERIC-PCR of 10 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates revealed two main clusters and 10 different ERIC-PCR patterns. The presence of P. aeruginosa isolates in food may represent a potential public health concern, with the need for further epidemiological studies, as well as whole-genome sequencing and correlations of P. aeruginosa in water, food samples, and human infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

First Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Septicaemic Piglets in Poland. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "All the isolates obtained from affected lungs were susceptible to apramycin, ceftiofur, gentamycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin, presented intermediate susceptibility to florfenicol, and were resistant to other tested antibiotics. MLST analysis of the isolates demonstrated a complex metabolic profile of the bacteria with genes attributable to the hypervirulent phenotype. To the best of our knowledge, we documented the first outbreak of K. pneumoniae septicaemia in suckling piglets reared in Poland."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Multicentre preclinical profiling of apramycin for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria. (PubMed, EBioMedicine) - "For M. abscessus and M. chelonae, the APR MIC90 was four-to eight-fold lower than that of AMK, and demonstrated enhanced bacterial killing. Collectively, our findings suggest APR has potent activity against NTM and warrants consideration for further clinical development."

Journal • Preclinical • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 6″-Modified Apramycin Derivatives to Overcome Aminoglycoside Resistance. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Moreover, the new compounds exhibited the ability to circumvent aminoglycoside resistance mediated by enzymatic modification and showed reduced cytotoxicity in mammalian cell assays. The distinctive pharmacological properties of apramycin and its newly synthesized derivatives, particularly their resilience to common resistance mechanisms and low cytotoxicity, highlight apramycin as a valuable structural scaffold for the development of next-generation aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and safety."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Enhanced activity of apramycin and apramycin-based combinations against Mycobacteroides abscessus. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Apramycin exhibits more potent in vitro activity against a diverse set of M. abscessus and other rapidly growing mycobacteria than currently recommended aminoglycosides."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Otorhinolaryngology

The novel plasmid pCF1 can be acquired by sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of people with CF and cause extreme tobramycin resistance (NACFC 2025) - "This gene also produced resistance to kanamycin and gentamicin; but neither the aac(3)-like gene nor aph(3)-Ib gene conferred resistance to amikacin, netilmicin, apramycin, and plazomicin. The novel pCF1 plasmid encodes a novel aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase that produces eTobR and can be transferred to sensitive Pa strains from other organisms within the lungs of PwCF. The plasmid produces minimal fitness costs to host Pa and is highly stable even in the absence of antibiotics. These characteristics make pCF1 acquisition a particular threat to the health of PwCF."

Infectious Disease

Structure-Guided Mechanistic Investigation of Stereochemical Inversion during the Octose Formation Catalyzed by an Atypical Transaldolase AprG in the Biosynthesis of Apramycin. (PubMed, ACS Catal) - "These findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of AprG and suggest strategies for engineering biocatalysts with tailored stereochemical properties. More broadly, this work provides a framework for modifying transaldolase activity, expanding its potential applications in chemoenzymatic synthesis and metabolic engineering."

Journal

Antibiotics and non-traditional antimicrobial agents for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials. (PubMed, Expert Opin Investig Drugs) - "Specifically, 9 antibiotics are in Phase 1 (R-327, xeruborbactam/QPX-7728, upleganan/SPR-206, MRX-8, QPX-9003, zifanocycline/KBP-7072, apramycin/EBL-1003, zosurabalpin/RG-6006, and ANT-3310), two in Phase 2 (BV-100, OMN-6), and two in Phase 3 (zidebactam/WCK-5222, funobactam/XNW-4107) clinical trials...In particular, two monoclonal antibodies (TRL-1068, CMTX-101), a phage therapy (Phagebank), an immune-modulating agent (recombinant human plasma gelsolin/Rhu-pGSN), a microbiome-modulating agent (SER-155), and an engineered cationic antibiotic peptide (PLG-0206). Several agents with promising characteristics against CRAB infections are in clinical development (Phases 1, 2, and 3). The urgent need for therapeutic options against CRAB infections necessitates optimizing efforts and time for introducing successfully studied agents into clinical practice."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • GSN

Synergistic activity of silver nanoparticles and antibiotics: apramycin against Escherichia coli. (PubMed, Nanoscale Adv) - "Severe damage in bacteria walls, including double membrane rupture and cytoplasm leakage, was observed when the combination of apramycin and silver was used. In general, the presence of apramycin has promoted silver uptake by bacteria."

Journal

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis isolated from local pig breeds in Jiangxi Province, China. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that >98% of isolates were susceptible to carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem), followed by doxycycline (71.6%), ceftiofur (65.9%), spectinomycin (64.4%), and amoxicillin (55.8%). High resistance rates were observed for tilmicosin (96.6%), sulfadiazine (92.8%), colistin (89.9%), apramycin (88.9%), chlortetracycline (87.5%), tiamulin (83.2%), and kanamycin (79.8%)...Multidrug-resistant S. suis strains have become widespread among local pig breeds. This study could provide evidence-based guidance for developing effective prevention and control strategies against S. suis infections and protecting valuable genetic resources of indigenous pig breeds."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Antibiotics and non-traditional antimicrobial agents for pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical phases 1, 2, and 3 trials. (PubMed, Expert Opin Investig Drugs) - "Traditional agents in clinical development include β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (funobactam, taniborbactam, QPX2014-xeruborbactam), aminoglycosides (apramycin), polymyxin derivatives (upleganan, MRX-8, and SPR741), fluoroquinolones (MP-376), and lipopolysaccharide transport inhibitors (murepavadin). Non-traditional antibiotics in clinical development include anti-virulence agents (fluorothiazinone), monoclonal antibodies (INFEX-702, TRL-1068, and CMTX-101), bacteriophages (AP-PA02, YPT-01, BX004-A, and WRAIR-PAM-CF1), and miscellaneous agents (AR-501, PLG-0206, SNSP-113, OligoG CF-5/20, and ALX-009). A considerable number of antimicrobial agents, some with novel mechanisms of action, are in clinical phases of development for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The urgent need for more therapeutic options necessitates the rapid optimization of progress to introduce new agents into clinical practice."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Enhanced Activity of Apramycin and Apramycin-Based Combinations Against Mycobacteroides abscessus. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "The goal of this study was to compare apramycin's in vitro activity with amikacin and other aminoglycosides against a large collection of M. abscessus clinical isolates, both alone and in combination with clofazimine or linezolid...Plazomicin was inactive, and organisms were rarely susceptible to tobramycin...Apramycin was similarly potent against other rapidly growing mycobacteria tested. Apramycin exhibits more potent in vitro activity against a diverse set of M. abscessus and other rapidly growing mycobacteria than approved aminoglycosides."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Respiratory Diseases

Assessing the therapeutic potential of an apramycin-gallium combination for treating Acinetobacter baumannii lung infections (ESCMID Global 2025) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Characterization of blaNDM-5-bearing IncHI2 plasmid from Escherichia fergusonii in China. (PubMed, J Glob Antimicrob Resist) - "This is the first report on the characterization of blaNDM-5-bearing IncHI2 plasmid in E. fergusonii. Surveillance and control measures should be implemented to arrest the transmission of blaNDM-5 from food animals."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Isolation and Identification of Streptomyces sp. D-6 and Its Protective Effect on Crucian auratus. (PubMed, Microb Pathog) - "The optimal fermentation time of the strain was the 4th day, and its antibacterial active substances were stable, resistant to high temperature and ultraviolet light, and not affected by proteases.The MIC and MBC values of the fermentation broth and fermentation supernatant were 32 times diluted, and the corresponding antibiotic titers were 1189.95 μg/mL for apramycin and 818.06 μg/mL for kanamycin...After feeding, it was found that the strain effectively increase the specific growth rate of Carassius auratus, and the activities of ACP and CAT in serum were significantly enhanced. The whole genome analysis provides an effective scientific basis for the development and utilization of strain D-6 and lays a foundation for its application in aquaculture."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Pharmacodynamic assessment of apramycin against Mycobacterium abscessus in a hollow fibre infection model. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Apramycin exhibited greater pharmacodynamic activity than amikacin against amikacin-susceptible M. abscessus isolates and may be a promising therapy for this pathogen. However, antibiotic combination strategies to minimize apramycin resistance from emerging may be necessary."

Journal • PK/PD data • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Distinct Patterns of Antibiotic Sensitivities in Ammonia-Oxidising Archaea. (PubMed, Environ Microbiol) - "The aim of this study was to test the effects of selected antibiotics (hygromycin B, neomycin, apramycin, puromycin, novobiocin) on pure cultures of three well studied AOA strains, 'Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandianus C13', Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 and Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. viennensis EN76 was inhibited by trimethoprim, but not by chloramphenicol, and growth recovered within days in the presence of simvastatin, suggesting either degradation of, or spontaneous resistance against, this compound. This study highlights the physiological differences between different genera of AOA and has identified new candidate antibiotics for selective enrichment and the development of selectable markers for genetic systems in AOA."

Journal

Reproductive loss attributed to Lactococcus petauri infection in a black-and-white ruffed lemur. (PubMed, J Vet Diagn Invest) - "The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates by the disk diffusion method revealed resistance to tylosin, gentamicin, apramycin, neomycin, amikacin, ampicillin, and florfenicol. We attributed the reproductive loss in this lemur to placental and fetal infection by L. petauri."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease