ritonavir / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

PSD04 Recurrent and persistent genital ulcers in an immunocompromised man: an uncommon presentation of herpes zoster. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "He is currently on an oral daily dose of tenofovir 300 mg, lamivudine 300 mg, dolutegravir 50 mg, atazanavir 300 mg and ritonavir 100 mg...Complete resolution was obtained with a higher dose of aciclovir appropriate for VZV infection...This case was interesting because VZV as an aetiological agent for persistent genital ulcers has not previously been reported to the best of our knowledge. Clinical consideration of such a unique presentation of VZV is important for timely diagnosis and appropriate management, especially in immunocompromised individuals, to avoid possible complication of repeated treatment for HSV infection."

Journal • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Herpes Simplex • Herpes Zoster • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pain • Varicella Zoster • CD4

In silico screening of potential FGF2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. (PubMed, In Silico Pharmacol) - "Molecular docking study showed Elbasvir (1) to exhibit the strongest binding affinity (-8.1 kcal/mol), followed by Velpatasvir (2) (-7.6 kcal/mol), Daclatasvir (3) (-7.5 kcal/mol), Ritonavir (4) (-6.2 kcal/mol), Paliperidone Palmitate (5) (-5.9 kcal/mol), Saralasin (6) (-5.4 kcal/mol), Nystatin (8) (-5.2 kcal/mol), and Cobicistat (-5.1 kcal/mol)...Overall, the study provides mechanistic insights into the molecular interactions between FGF2 and these candidate drugs, highlighting the promising potential of compounds 1-6 and 8 for subsequent in vitro validation in cancer therapeutics. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-025-00495-2."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Brain Cancer • Breast Cancer • Gastric Cancer • Glioblastoma • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Lung Cancer • Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • FGF2 • FGFR

DB-1311-O-1001: A Phase 1/2a Study of DB-1311/BNT324 in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=862 | Recruiting | Sponsor: DualityBio Inc. | Trial completion date: Jan 2028 ➔ May 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2027 ➔ Dec 2027

First-in-human • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Esophageal Cancer • Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Lung Cancer • Melanoma • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Small Cell Lung Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck • ALK • BRAF • CD276 • EGFR • KRAS • MET • NTRK1 • NTRK2 • NTRK3 • ROS1

Trace-level quantitation of N-((2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-methylnitrous amide by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "Recently, the potential occurrence of the nitrosamine drug substance-related impurity, N-((2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-methylnitrous amide (NITMA), also known as N-nitroso-2,4-thiazole amine (NNTA), has been reported in some finished drug products containing ritonavir...The validated quantitation limit (0.0225 ng/mL) aligns with current regulatory requirements for NITMA. Overall, the newly developed method was found suitable to support risk assessment strategies and regulatory compliance."

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A case report of drug-drug interaction between voriconazole and simnotrelvir/ritonavir. (PubMed, Front Antibiot) - "This case indicates that the trough concentration of voriconazole increased significantly during co-administration with simnotrelvir/ritonavir. Moreover, the interaction persisted even after discontinuation of simnotrelvir/ritonavir, necessitating dynamic dose adjustments guided by therapeutic drug monitoring."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Model-Informed Evidence for Rifapentine Use in Chinese HIV-Positive Adults with Latent Tuberculosis: Assessing Ethnic PK Differences and Interactions with Ritonavir. (PubMed, Int J Infect Dis) - P4 | "The integrated modeling strategy indicated that there are no clinically significant ethnic differences in the PK of rifapentine between Chinese and non-Chinese populations, and that dose adjustment of ritonavir is not necessary when co-administered with rifapentine."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate-Associated Fanconi Syndrome (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "The patient had been stable on darunavir, ritonavir, and raltegravir, but this was changed to a combined bictegravir-emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide for simplicity just prior to his presentation. His development of acute and severe electrolyte disturbances after initiation of TAF is concerning for acute worsening of preexisting Fanconi syndrome. This case highlights that while TAF is generally considered safer, there is still risk of renal toxicity, particularly when renal tubular dysfunction is already present."

Chronic Kidney Disease • Fatigue • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Nephrology • Orthopedics • Renal Disease

Co-Treatment with Ritonavir or Sertraline Enhances Itraconazole Efficacy Against Azole-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae Isolates. (PubMed, J Fungi (Basel)) - "The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance is a growing global health concern. These findings suggest that sertraline holds considerable potential as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of dermatomycoses."

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The Effects of Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib in Rats. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "These results suggest the need for dose adjustments of TOF during co-administration with RTV in clinical settings. Further clinical research is needed to confirm these findings."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology

Hydrophobic drug particles adopt a complex biomolecular corona in ex vivo gastrointestinal fluids. (PubMed, J Control Release) - "Furthermore, the PIF corona was drug-particle specific, with distinct compositions observed between CMZ and ritonavir (RTV) (both weak bases with logP values above 5) compared to the corona composition on crystalline indomethacin (IND). All investigated corona compositions showed enrichment of low-abundance proteins not detectable in the original GI fluid. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the issue of how the identity and solid state of drug particles influences the adsorption of biomolecules onto drug particles in ex vivo GI fluids, and that exposure to the different fluids reveals that certain protein components specific to intestinal fluids can dominate the composition of the corona after sequential exposure."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Liability of Bictegravir/Lenacapavir (BIC/LEN) Compared With Representative Complex Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Regimens in the Phase 3 Portion of ARTISTRY-1 (EACS 2025) - P2/3 | "Purpose : People with HIV (PWH) who are on complex ART regimens often also take concomitant medications to treat comorbidities. A larger number of DDIs were identified for ART regimens containing boosted DRV compared with BIC/LEN, due to strong inhibition of drug-metabolism pathway components cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein by pharmacokinetic enhancers cobicistat and ritonavir, in comparison with moderate CYP3A inhibition and weak P-glycoprotein inhibition by LEN. Conclusions : DDI liability of ART regimens varies, with advantages for BIC/LEN compared with pharmacokinetic enhancer–containing complex regimens."

Late-breaking abstract • P3 data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Overcoming barriers in care: managing HIV in people with disabilities (EACS 2025) - "A change in the posology was proposed, and the Infectologist prescribed Ritonavir and Atazanavir, protease inhibitors, and Lamivudine + Tenofovir. The main finding of this research was that the attention and care provided by the hospital and the pharmaceutical team were essential for effective treatment. As a result, the elderly man achieved an undetectable viral load. Challenges may arise, but with empathy, knowledge, and combined effort, a multidisciplinary team can effectively manage the care of people living with HIV."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Immune reconstitution in very advanced HIV patients treated with Dolutegravir vs Darunavir-based triple antiretroviral therapy. The Advanz-4 randomized clinical trial. (PubMed, Clin Microbiol Infect) - P4 | "DTG/3TC/ABC is safe and efficacious in very advanced ART-naïve HIV+ patients, induced a faster virological response, and was superior to the DRV/r regimen in reducing inflammation and bacterial translocation markers at 48 weeks."

Clinical • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • TNFA

Detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients in surface water polluted by an informal settlement. (PubMed, Environ Monit Assess) - "API analysis confirmed the presence of 11 compounds from a targeted list of 14, including antiretrovirals (efavirenz, nevirapine, ritonavir), antibiotics (trimethoprim), and analgesics (paracetamol, diclofenac), among others. These findings suggest that informal settlements discharge elevated concentrations of nutrients and act as a source of API pollution with potential downstream impacts for users and aquatic ecosystems. The findings highlight the need for improved water quality monitoring in South African catchments impacted by informal settlement runoff."

Journal • Pain

Formulation optimization of ritonavir tablets containing spray dried dispersion from HPMCAS-L or PVP-VA and comparative dissolution/permeation performance. (PubMed, Int J Pharm) - "Tablets with PVP-VA showed ritonavir permeation like from Norvir tablets, and solution from Norvir powder. These results may reflect the dissolution-resulting colloid as a critical component to overall drug absorption from ASD, beyond even favorable dissolution."

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ART-free HIV-1 remission in children with in-utero HIV-1 after very early ART (IMPAACT P1115): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study. (PubMed, Lancet HIV) - P1/2 | "This study shows that ART-free remission for 48 weeks or longer is achievable with very early ART in children with in-utero HIV-1, but close monitoring for viral rebound and acute retroviral syndrome during ATI is needed. These findings, observed in resource-constrained countries, exhibit the feasibility of testing at birth and initiating very early ART, show the potential to limit HIV-1 reservoirs for ART-free remission, and inform future remission strategies."

Journal • P1/2 data • Allergy • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • CD4

Evaluation of the Dual Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Phallus indusiatus in a Feline Infectious Peritonitis Model Using PBMCs. (PubMed, Vet Sci) - "indusiatus exhibited the strongest FIPV Mpro inhibitory activity among the 17 mushroom extracts tested (69.2%), showing a notable level of inhibition relative to standard antiviral agents such as lopinavir and ritonavir...In healthy PBMCs, P. indusiatus significantly reduced nitrite levels, with effects similar to dexamethasone...These findings suggest that P. indusiatus possesses both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning it as a potential dual-action therapeutic candidate for FIP. Further investigation into cytokine signaling pathways is warranted to clarify its mechanisms of action and advance future therapeutic development."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Predicting Drug-Drug Interaction via Dual-Drug Visual Representation. (PubMed, J Chem Inf Model) - "To further interpret its predictions, we employ Grad-CAM visualizations and conduct multiple experiments to validate the stability and interpretability of the model; furthermore, we conduct a case study on Ritonavir inhibition of CYP3A, revealing that our model consistently highlights chemically significant substructures. These findings underscore the potential of image-based modeling for both accurate prediction and mechanistic insight in drug interaction research."

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Optimizing Amorphous Multidrug Formulations: A Particle Engineering Approach through Spray Drying. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Sci) - "Formulations containing atazanavir and ritonavir, alone or in combination, were produced by spray drying...The formulations remained amorphous under both studied conditions throughout the stability study period. These findings highlight the potential of particle engineering, where a mechanistically informed selection of excipients is combined with an appropriate spray-drying process, to achieve highly stable and robust amorphous multidrug formulations -critical for ensuring effective drug performance and patient treatment."

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Clinical rebound after ensitrelvir treatment for COVID-19 (ERS 2025) - "While clinical rebound rates for similar agents, such as nirmatelvir/ritonavir, have been reported to range from 6% to 24%, clinical rebound rates associated with ensitrelvir are unclear. Clinical rebound of COVID-19 after ensitrelvir treatment is rare, likely due to its long plasma half-life, and is generally mild with favorable outcomes."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Molecular basis for the activation of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 by Ritonavir. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The results indicate two potential binding sites for ritonavir in TAS2R14 receptor, including orthosteric and allosteric sites. These findings can be useful for developing bitter blockers targeting TAS2R14 to eliminate or reduce the bitter taste of ritonavir."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • TAS2R1

Model-informed drug development in public health emergency of international concern: accelerating marketing authorization of simnotrelvir. (PubMed, Antimicrob Agents Chemother) - P1, P1/2, P2/3 | "Finally, a randomized controlled trial to confirm benefit-risk ratio found that simnotrelvir/ritonavir reduced time to sustained resolution of 11 clinical syndromes by 1.5 days compared with placebo, had no serious adverse events, and had a flat exposure-response relationship with viral load reduction, time to sustained resolution, and ≥2 grade treatment-emergent adverse event rate with approved dosage. MIDD enhanced clinical trial success, optimized the benefit-risk profile, and expedited marketing authorization for new drug development in response to PHEIC.CLINICAL TRIALSThis study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05339646, NCT05369676, and NCT05506176."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Case Report: Simnotrelvir/Ritonavir are effective in shortening the course of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection during anti-CD20 maintenance therapy in patients with follicular lymphoma. (PubMed, Front Oncol) - "We report two cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) infected with Omicron virus that could not be confirmed by routine SARS-CoV-2 tests during maintenance therapy with an anti-CD20 agent, obinutuzumab or rituximab. Patients with hematologic malignancies treated with anti-CD20 agent are at considerable risk of a prolonged disease course and recurrence of COVID-19. Specialized prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies should be developed for this group of patients."

Journal • Follicular Lymphoma • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases

Supersaturation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems: Correlation between equilibrium solubility and supersaturation concentration, effect on droplet size and impact of polymer addition. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Biopharm) - "This study aimed to explore the relationship between equilibrium solubility (Seq) and the maximum supersaturation concentration (CSmax) in SNEDDS preconcentrates for three model drugs: carvedilol (CVL), ritonavir (RTV) and nilotinib (NTB). Incorporation of PVP/VA 64 enhanced both the physical stability and viscosity of super-SNEDDS; however, only a weak correlation was observed between these two parameters, suggesting that viscosity alone did not govern the stabilization of super-SNEDDS. In summary, within the design space, DSmax is drug-dependent, but independent of SNEDDS composition or polymer addition; droplet size of super-SNEDDS is dependent on both drug and SNEDDS composition, but is unaffected by polymer; in contrast, physical stability is jointly influenced by drug properties, SNEDDS composition, and polymer addition."

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Unmasking Tacrolimus Toxicity due to the Hacked Liver System. (PubMed, Ther Drug Monit) - "This case highlights the importance of reviewing potential drug interactions before prescribing or dispensing drugs."

Journal • Anorexia • Candidiasis • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Transplantation