diazepam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Diazepam modulates anterior cingulate glutamate levels in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis. (PubMed, Int J Neuropsychopharmacol) - "Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are often preceded by subtle changes in brain chemistry. In this study, we explored whether diazepam, a medication commonly used to treat anxiety, could influence brain chemistry in individuals at high risk for developing psychosis. Our findings revealed that a single dose of diazepam reduced levels of Glx (glutamate and glutamine) - key metabolites in excitatory neurotransmission - in a region of the brain involved in psychosis. These results suggest that diazepam may alter differences in brain chemistry linked to the development of psychosis, offering potential insights for early intervention strategies."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

DS27 Checking blood pressure of patients having Mohs surgery: a survey of practice of UK- and Australasia-based Mohs surgeons. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "'Other' open comment themes included determining signs of malignant hypertension, checking what their baseline BP was with the patient and/or general practitioner, refer to an emergency department or give a benzodiazepine (e.g. low-dose sublingual diazepam 2 mg)...From ANZ, glyceryl trinitrate, ramipril and sublingual nifedipine were given as antihypertensives...The results confirm a range of practice and no consensus. Further discussion and an evidence-based guideline would be helpful to develop more consistent practice."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hypertension

Quantitative Analysis of Diazepam Residues in Aquatic Products Using Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. (PubMed, Foods) - "Average recoveries from spiked blank matrices at three levels (0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/kg) ranged from 89.3% to 119.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.8% and 10.2%. The proposed method is highly selective, exhibits minimal matrix interference, and provides reliable quantitative performance, making it suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of diazepam residues in aquatic products."

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Evaluation of Phenobarbital Loading Dose in Reducing Cumulative Benzodiazepine Utilization in Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. (PubMed, Ann Pharmacother) - "The addition of a weight-based PB loading dose showed a significant reduction in BZD utilization for patients in or at risk of severe AWS and was associated with fewer adverse events. Application of this information may aid in enhancing treatment for patients in or at risk of severe AWS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Depression • Hypotension • Psychiatry

The efficacy of melatonin as a preoperative anxiolytic in real-world setting: a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Hosp Pract (1995)) - P3 | "They were divided into three groups to receive melatonin, diazepam, or a placebo and were placed in the same waiting rooms as other non-enrolled patients...Our study highlights the need for incorporating other factors in future clinical trials on preoperative anxiety to better translate the results into a real-world setting. NCT06103188."

Clinical • Journal • Real-world evidence • Anesthesia • Psychiatry

Possible Effect of Governmental Restrictions of Benzodiazepine Prescriptions on Suicide Attempts by Overdose of Prescribed Psychotropic Drugs in Japan. (PubMed, Neuropsychopharmacol Rep) - "Our results suggest that the governmental regulation to control multidrug use of benzodiazepine prescriptions in Japan reduced the number and doses of benzodiazepines prescribed and decreased suicide attempts by overdose medication of prescribed psychotropic drugs."

Journal • Retrospective data • Critical care

Combining anxiolytic activity of thymol and trans-ferulic acid: a potential GABAergic intervention. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "Mice received vehicle, diazepam (DZP, 2 mg/kg), TFA (50 mg/kg), THY (50 mg/kg), or their combination (THY + TFA; 50 + 50 mg/kg, p.o.)...These findings suggest that the THY + TFA combination elicits enhanced GABAergic modulation, offering a potential natural therapeutic strategy for anxiety management with reduced toxicity risk. However, formal interaction analyses (e.g., isobologram or two-way ANOVA) are warranted to confirm the combining effect."

Journal • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

From physics to prediction: genetic algorithm-optimized neural network using hansen solubility parameters for pharmaceutical solubility in neat and mixed solvents. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Biopharm) - "To ensure generality, the MLPANN was trained on 496 experimental solubility values of acetaminophen, diazepam, ibuprofen, lorazepam, and naproxen in both neat and binary solvent systems, including water, ethanol, isopropanol, dioxane, NMP, and propylene glycol. Two scenarios, using the optimized networks, achieved R2 values exceeding 0.99 across training, validation, and testing subsets. Graphical validation-an important aspect often overlooked in previous studies-demonstrated excellent predictive performance for unseen testing data of acetaminophen in isopropanol-water and naproxen in ethanol-water mixtures."

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Time Course of Serum Dextromethorphan Concentrations in a Case of Serotonin Syndrome After Massive Overdose. (PubMed, Am J Case Rep) - "CASE REPORT A 24-year-old man with bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, treated with trazodone and methylphenidate, ingested 300 mg of DXM (4.6 mg/kg)...He developed serotonin syndrome with spontaneous clonus and seizures, requiring diazepam, sedation, intubation, and ventilation...CONCLUSIONS Our case report provides a detailed timeline of blood DXM concentrations along with the clinical course in a patient with serotonin syndrome after an acute overdose. The serial measurements support the importance of symptom-focused monitoring to guide treatment decisions."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Anesthesia • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Sedative and Anxiolytic Activities of Cassia spectabilis Leaf Extract: An In Vivo and In Silico Evaluation in a Mouse Model of Stress. (PubMed, Vet Med Int) - "The stressed mice were administered various doses of CS70EE, diazepam, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5%) for comparison...Meanwhile, molecular docking study in silico showed that spectaline compounds may play a crucial role in this activity. In conclusion, CS70EE exhibited sedative and anxiolytic effects in mice subjected to EFS-induced stress."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Insomnia • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Diazepam exerts immunosuppressive effects on macrophages isolated from the head kidney of catfish (Silurus asotus). (PubMed, Fish Shellfish Immunol) - "These findings demonstrate that DZ attenuates macrophage immune functions, highlighting the immunosuppressive risks of neuroactive pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the neuroimmune crosstalk triggered by DZ exposure, underscoring the need to consider psychiatric drugs as emerging contaminants of ecological concern."

IO biomarker • Journal • Inflammation • Psychiatry

Neurotropic Effects In Vivo of New Tryptamino-Triazines Compared to GABA Effectors. (PubMed, ACS Chem Neurosci) - "Compound 11g 6-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethylamino]-4H-[1,2,4]triazin-5-one had the lowest IC50 value at 19.8 ± 0.62, indicating high potency, and appeared to function similarly to diazepam without impairing normal exploration or movement. Notably, 9b outperformed other tested drugs. Its derivative 11g displayed the lowest energy binding with GABAA receptor and GABA-AT, which likely accounts for its high activity."

Journal • Preclinical • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Prediction of human hepatic clearance with HepaSH monolayers for low-turnover compounds. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "This culture system successfully monitored the depletion of low (such as diazepam and quinidine) and moderate-to-high CLint drugs (midazolam). Two low-clearance drugs, disopyramide and warfarin, showed no depletion over 168 hours, indicating limitations in the application of this method for clearance evaluation...In conclusion, a functionally stable culture method for HepaSH monolayers is highly effective for evaluating low-clearance compounds by greatly extending the metabolic reaction time and will be a valuable tool for determining the pharmacokinetic properties of new drug candidates. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrated that combining highly functional HepaSH monolayers with extended drug incubation enables accurate monitoring of low-turnover compound clearance, an outcome that has been difficult to achieve with traditional assays."

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Quercetin attenuates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in chicks through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. (PubMed, J Adv Vet Anim Res) - "Sixty Ross broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six groups: a negative control, a positive control treated with PTZ at 80 mg/kg, a diazepam-treated group (5 mg/kg), and three quercetin-treated groups receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg orally for six consecutive days, respectively...TAO-C levels were significantly elevated, while IL-1β levels declined at 200 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Quercetin pretreatment at 200 mg/kg showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential against PTZ-induced convulsive seizure as a preventive therapy for epilepsy management."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Oncology • IL1B • TNFA

Dexmedetomidine for Alcohol Withdrawal: Looks Can Be Deceiving. (PubMed, Cureus) - "He received chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and phenobarbital with resolution of his symptoms. He was later started on dexmedetomidine (0.2 mcg/kg/hr), with no other therapy, during which time he appeared sedated with a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/minute, blood pressure (BP) of 126/80 mmHg, and respiratory rate (RR) of 18 breaths/minute...Maximal sedation was 50 mcg/kg/min of propofol and 14 mg/hr of midazolam...Although dexmedetomidine controls the autonomic instability and behavior associated with alcohol withdrawal, it does not address the underlying pathophysiology, leaving patients to suffer the psychological effects of withdrawal. The role of dexmedetomidine remains to be determined, with studies that address cognitive and long-term outcomes of alcohol withdrawal rather than just vital signs, behavior, and doses of other medications used."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Epilepsy

The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of Diazepam Binding Inhibitor (DBI/ACBP) in Epilepsy and Glioma (SNO 2025) - "In the chronic pilocarpine model of epilepsy, intrathecal administration of Ntx-DBI eliminates seizure-induced mortality (0%; n=10) relative to the Ntx-nontargeting control (Ntx-NTC) (30%; n=10; p=0.03) and reduced spontaneous seizures (Ntx-DBI: 33%; n=3 vs Ntx-NTC: 100%; n=5; p=0.03). Mechanistically, Ntx-DBI inhibits fatty acid oxidation and promotes catastrophic lipid peroxidation, driving GBM cell death. In conclusion, DBI plays a dual role in epileptogenesis and gliomagenesis, and when targeted, blocks seizure activity, and increases survival across glioma models."

Brain Cancer • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Glioblastoma • Glioma • Metabolic Disorders • Solid Tumor

Acute confusional migraine in adults – A case report (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Diazepam, haloperidol, and chlorpromazine were administered, but agitation persisted...Lumbar puncture was performed, and empiric antibiotics plus acyclovir were started but discontinued within hours after normal CSF and negative viral PCR...Although self-limiting, no abortive treatment is available; however, valproic acid and topiramate may be used to treat and prevent recurrences. The absence of formal criteria and the diagnosis being one of exclusion hinder clinical recognition."

Case report • Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Migraine • Pain

DBI Mediates the Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Regulating CD56dim NK Cells Cytotoxicity Function. (PubMed, Anal Cell Pathol (Amst)) - "A novel AS target, diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), was identified from among 5884 druggable genes...Additionally, a reliable prediction model was developed, and potential therapeutic compounds were identified. In conclusion, this study presents a novel approach for AS treatment."

Journal • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Dyslipidemia • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

Neuroprotective effect of crocetin against epileptiform activity induced by microinjection of penicillin into the somatosensory cortex of the brain: Role of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor, oxidative stress and inflammation. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of crocetin and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of diazepam and flumazenil (an agonist and an antagonist of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors, respectively) were done before penicillin administration...Crocetin (20 and 40 mg/kg) ameliorated biochemical alterations. These results showed that crocetin could reduce penicillin-induced epileptiform activity through GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor, as well as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms."

Journal • Anesthesia • Epilepsy • Inflammation • Oncology • IL1B • TNFA

ACBP/DBI neutralization for the prevention and treatment of malignant and non-malignant liver diseases. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis) - "Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), suppresses autophagy, stimulates food intake, and regulates body composition...Notably, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the few cancers in which elevated local ACBP/DBI expression is associated with poor clinical prognosis. In sum, ACBP/DBI functions as both a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for malignant and non-malignant liver diseases."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Cholestasis • Fibrosis • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cancer • Liver Cirrhosis • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Oncology • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Reperfusion Injury • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor • CTNNB1

Analysis of the Prevalence of Alcohol and Psychoactive Substances Among Drivers in the Material from the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Bialystok in Poland. (PubMed, Toxics) - "Among the total positive cases, psychoactive substances used alone or in combination included THC-46.3% (range 0.2-20 ng/mL), alcohol-26.8% (range 0.1-4.1‱), amphetamines-20.7% (range 15-2997 ng/mL), opiates-4.3% (morphine 66.0 ng/mL; methadone 174.0 ng/mL; ranges: tramadol 15.0-600.0 ng/mL; fentanyl 45.0-100.0 ng/mL), benzodiazepines-9.8% (ranges: diazepam 55.0-480.0 ng/mL; midazolam 17.0-1200.0 ng/mL; clonazepam 21.0-36.0 ng/mL), stimulants-6.10% (ranges: amphetamine 15.0-2997.0 ng/mL; cocaine 4.0-30.0 ng/mL; benzoylecgonine 38.0-602.0 ng/mL; PMMA 45.0-360.0 ng/mL; MDMA 20.0-75.0 ng/mL; mephedrone 37.5 ng/mL; alfa-PVP 120 ng/mL), psychotropic drugs-3.1% (carbamazepine 8.0-2100.0 ng/mL; zolpidem 233.0 ng/mL; citalopram 320.0 ng/mL; opipramol 220 ng/mL). Among the psychoactive substances most frequently used alone or in combination with others, THC was predominant. Roadside testing, based on effects similar to alcohol intoxication, was mainly conducted on male drivers."

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Fishery Anesthetics in Aquaculture Products: Safety Concerns and Analytical Methods. (PubMed, Foods) - "This review examines six commonly used anesthetics in aquaculture-eugenol, MS-222, benzocaine, 2-phenoxyethanol, diazepam, and quinaldine-focusing on their mechanisms of action, application risks, ecotoxicological effects, and methods for residue analysis. The objective is to promote the safe and informed application of these anesthetics, mitigate their biological toxicity, and minimize their ecological impact. Furthermore, the review provides technical insights into monitoring and managing anesthetic residues in aquaculture to ensure the safety of aquatic products and safeguard environmental health while also supporting the development of sustainable aquaculture practices."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia

Increased plasma concentrations of acyl-coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP) predict future lung cancer development in smokers at risk of cardiovascular disease. (PubMed, Mol Cancer) - "These findings independently validate ACBP/DBI as a circulating biomarker of future LC development in at-risk individuals. Clinically, ACBP/DBI quantification could refine risk-adapted lung cancer screening strategies, guiding the frequency of low-dose CT scans and identifying candidates for preventive interventions, including potential ACBP/DBI-neutralizing therapies."

Biomarker • Journal • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Lung Cancer • Obesity • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Opto-Dravet: A Rapid, On-Demand Screening Platform for Therapies in Genetic Epilepsy (AES 2025) - "Within-subject assays were performed before and after diazepam (DZP; 3 mg/kg), valproate (VPA; 300 mg/kg), levetiracetam (LEV; 400 mg/kg), or carbamazepine (CBZ; 20 mg/kg). All six mice examined exhibited spontaneous seizures during baseline video-EEG recording. The Opto-Dravet platform provides a rapid, reliable assay that reproduces DS-relevant electrographic and pharmacological responses. The induced seizure profiles closely mimic spontaneous seizures in duration and propagation patterns. As part of a broader Opto-X framework, this platform extends previous work on optogenetically induced seizures in the acquired hippocampal model (Opto-IHK) and is positioned for expansion to additional genetic epilepsies (e.g., CDKL5) and for benchmarking investigational therapies."

Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • THY1

Sex-Specific Neuroimmune and Behavioral Responses During Epileptogenesis in Rats (AES 2025) - "Therefore, this study aims to characterize immune responses along with behavioral deficits following SE in adult male and female rats. Adult male and female rats underwent pilocarpine-induced SE (300 mg/kg, i.p.) for 1 hour, interrupted with diazepam (10 mg/kg, i.p.); controls received saline. SE induced sex-specific metabolic (weight), behavioral, and immune responses. Females experienced sustained weight gain and increased locomotor activity, while males showed reduced anxiety-like behavior. Both sexes exhibited decreased hippocampal cytokine levels and elevated complement C3b, indicating shared immune dysregulation."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Inflammation • Psychiatry • CSF2 • IFNG • IL10 • IL2 • IL5 • TNFA