diazepam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

The Use of High-dose Diazepam in Combination With ECT for Treatment of Pediatric Catatonia. (PubMed, J ECT) - No abstract available

Journal • Pediatrics

Benzodiazepines use in primary care England: Prescribing patterns and adverse consequences. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "Benzodiazepine prescribing in England continues to decline, reflecting successful deprescribing policies. However, increasing specialist use, persistent inequities, and drug-specific safety and cost concerns highlight the need for cautious prescribing, enhanced pharmacovigilance and equitable access."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following eclampsia in a primigravida at 35 weeks of gestation: A case report. (PubMed, Radiol Case Rep) - "She underwent emergency lower-segment cesarean section (LSCS) for delivery of a live neonate, with a second intraoperative seizure controlled with intravenous diazepam and magnesium sulfate. She was treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate, antihypertensive therapy, and levetiracetam, with complete clinical recovery and radiological resolution on follow-up imaging. This case highlights eclamptic PRES as a cause of postoperative cortical visual loss and illustrates how the combination of T2/FLAIR signal change with preserved diffusion on MRI distinguishes reversible vasogenic edema from ischemic injury, supporting prompt, targeted management even in resource-limited settings."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Gynecology • Hypertension • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease

Properties of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) kernels aqueous extract on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "Thirty-six (36) male and female rats, divided into six (6) groups of six (6) rats each, were anesthetized with a ketamine (50 mg/kg)/valium (10 mg/kg) mixture after eighteen (18) hours of fasting with free access to water. Persea extract significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.01) MPO activity, interleukin-6 levels, and TNFα. Based on these results, the aqueous extract of Persea americana kernel possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and could therefore be used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis • IL6 • TNFA

Reduced intra-frontal functional connectivity during a verbal fluency task in depressed individuals with autistic traits: an fNIRS study. (PubMed, Front Hum Neurosci) - "Between-group FC differences were evaluated using ANOVA for the Control versus depressive-state comparison, and medication-adjusted ANCOVA for the DP_AQ-high versus DP_AQ-low comparison, with diazepam-equivalent anxiolytic dosage and imipramine-equivalent antidepressant dosage as covariates. Within the depressive-state group, the DP_AQ-high subgroup consistently demonstrated increased interhemispheric frontoparietal FC across both chromophores, accompanied by localized intra-frontal FC reductions, compared with the DP_AQ-low subgroup. These findings suggest that autistic traits modulate task-evoked large-scale network organization within a clinically relevant depressive-state cohort and support the utility of fNIRS-based network analysis for characterizing neurobiological heterogeneity associated with depressive symptoms."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Genetic Disorders • Psychiatry

Silent acute STEMI associated with alcohol withdrawal in a 46-year-old male: a case report. (PubMed, Ann Med Surg (Lond)) - "He was managed supportively in the intensive care unit with a titrated diazepam infusion, resulting in gradual improvement in withdrawal symptoms...This case report adds to the scarce literature on acute coronary events during hospitalization for severe alcohol withdrawal and emphasizes that the patient's silent STEMI may have arisen from multiple underlying mechanisms. It highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for silent myocardial infarction in hospitalized patients recovering from alcohol withdrawal."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Movement Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Myocardial Ischemia

Tizanidine Withdrawal Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations and Management Strategies. Case Series. (PubMed, J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother) - "Case 1 was a 24 year old female admitted with empagliflozin induced diabetic ketoacidosis who experienced hypertensive crisis and tachycardia following abrupt cessation of chronic high dose tizanidine...Case 3 was a 29 year old female with recurrent pancreatitis, resistant hypertension, and an adrenal incidentaloma who presented with severe hypertension and tremors after discontinuing both tizanidine and diazepam...Case 4 was a 42 year old male with asthma, hypertension, anxiety disorder, bariatric surgery, methamphetamine use, and more than ten prior admissions specifically for tizanidine withdrawal, who presented with palpitations, tremors, vomiting, and hypertensive crisis after abrupt dose reduction...Patient education on avoiding abrupt discontinuation is essential, particularly for individuals with psychiatric comorbidities or prior withdrawal episodes. Awareness of this underrecognized syndrome is critical to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure safe prescribing..."

Journal • Asthma • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Pancreatitis • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Ileal Perforation Caused by the Accidental Ingestion of a Press-Through Package in an Elderly Patient With Dementia: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Her only regular medication was diazepam, which she dispensed from a press-through package (PTP) and had been cutting individual tablets from the sheet using scissors...The patient recovered without complications and was discharged on postoperative day 15. This case illustrates two key points: the characteristic CT appearance of a retained PTP can confirm the diagnosis even without an ingestion history, and occult PTP ingestion should be considered in elderly patients with dementia who present with acute abdomen, irrespective of whether an ingestion history can be elicited."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CRP

Mechanistic Study of Schisandrin B in Alleviating Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rats via Enhancement of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Restoration of the Intestinal Barrier. (PubMed, Food Sci Nutr) - "The results showed that Schisandrin B at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly alleviated anxiety-like behaviors in rats, with an efficacy comparable to that of the positive control drug diazepam...Collectively, Schisandrin B exerts systemic anxiolytic effects by centrally regulating hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission, HPA axis activity, and synaptic plasticity, while simultaneously repairing peripheral intestinal barrier dysfunction. These results indicate the potential of Schisandrin B as a therapeutic candidate for anxiety disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • CLDN1 • GRIN2A • GRIN2B • OCLN • TJP1

Dual orexin receptor antagonist-assisted dose reduction of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists: a mirror-image analysis of insurance claims data. (PubMed, J Clin Sleep Med) - "DORA treatment for at least six months may support BZ/BZRA dose reduction among long-term users, particularly in older patients."

Journal • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder

Toxicological and Clinical Characteristics of Fatal Cases in the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia-Victoria (EDNAV) Clinical Registry 2020-2025. (PubMed, Emerg Med Australas) - "Fatal cases were characterised by near-universal polysubstance detections, with methamphetamine and heroin the most frequent individual detections. Most deaths occurred out of hospital, with many patients presenting with irreversible hypoxic brain injury. NPS were rare and co-occurred with traditional illicit substances. Community-based interventions including bystander resuscitation, early emergency service activation and take-home-naloxone represent the highest-yield strategies to reduce mortality from illicit substance use in Victoria."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse • Vascular Neurology

Diazepam-Associated Hypotension Contributing to Recurrent Syncope in an Older Adult. (PubMed, Cureus) - "This case highlights the importance of medication review in older adults presenting with syncope. Benzodiazepines may contribute to clinically significant hypotension, particularly in the context of polypharmacy, and dose reduction or deprescribing may lead to clinical improvement."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Hypotension • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Longer Duration of Drug Elimination and Withdrawal Symptoms in Overweight Patients Undergoing Detoxification for Benzodiazepine Dependence. (PubMed, Alpha Psychiatry) - "Following (S) satiation with diazepam, further unnecessary (A) accumulation was prevented through aggressive day-by-day dose reductions guided by serum concentration monitoring...The timing of the strongest and/or the final crises also showed weak but significant positive correlations with BMI in the overall sample (ρ = 0.18 and 0.15, p < 0.01 and < 0.05 cutoff, respectively), and within the identified co-medication subgroups, including the valproate, carbamazepine, and no-modifier groups (ρ = 0.19-0.26, all p < 0.05)...Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. To reduce the risk of delayed withdrawal crises and maintain treatment within reasonable time frames, minimizing excessive BZD accumulation through laboratory-guided dose adjustment is recommended."

Journal • Obesity

Comparative analysis of anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats with sepsis-induced hemodynamic instability. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "Septic SHR were allocated into five anesthetic groups: ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-diazepam, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine, ketamine-dexmedetomidine, and inhaled isoflurane (2-3%), alongside an unanesthetized septic control. Isoflurane demonstrated superior cardiovascular safety in hypertensive rats during sepsis-induced instability. These findings suggest that while isoflurane is the preferred anesthetic for this specific model, protocol selection must be tailored to the experimental context."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock

Development of Novel Pegylated Imidazobenzodiazepines Targeting α5 GABAA Receptors for Anxiety: A Comparative Prodrug and Metabolite Study. (PubMed, ACS Chem Neurosci) - "For both tests, ETK-III-9- and ETK-II-83-treated animals did not behave differently from vehicle-treated mice in contrast to diazepam-treated animals. The innovation is a highly water-soluble prodrug ETK-II-83 that metabolizes to ETK-III-9, an α3/α5 GABAA receptor-selective compound that reduces anxiety in rodent models."

Clinical • Journal • Anesthesia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

RE: Is Music an Alternative to Diazepam for Reducing Anxiety in Third Molar Surgery? (PubMed, J Oral Maxillofac Surg) - No abstract available

Journal • Psychiatry

REPLY: Is Music an Alternative to Diazepam for Reducing Anxiety in Third Molar Surgery? A Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial. (PubMed, J Oral Maxillofac Surg) - No abstract available

Journal • Psychiatry

Seizure after IDDS implantation - unrecognized intracranial hypertension associated with intracranial metastases: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Unrecognized preoperative intracranial hypertension in patients with intracranial metastases significantly increases the risk of severe neurological complications after IDDS implantation. Reliance solely on the classic triad of intracranial hypertension is insufficient for preoperative screening. Pre-operative cranial imaging evaluation is strongly recommended for high-risk patients. Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid loss should be strictly controlled to prevent abrupt changes in intracranial pressure. Clinicians should raise vigilance toward such life-threatening complications."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Colorectal Cancer • Epilepsy • Hypertension • Oncology • Pain • Rectal Cancer • Solid Tumor

Chalcone-Arylpiperazine Hybrids as Potential Antianxiety Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Modeling, and Network Pharmacology Studies. (PubMed, Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem) - "Chalcone-arylpiperazine hybrids represent a potentially valuable scaffold for antianxiety drug development. However, the mechanistic insights derived from computational studies require robust in vivo and mechanistic validation to confirm therapeutic relevance."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Recurrent Catatonia in the Setting of Urinary Tract Infection and Medical Comorbidity: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient's catatonia proved refractory to very high-dose lorazepam but improved with an intensive, multimodal regimen including intravenous (IV) benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam), enteral and subsequently oral lorazepam, zolpidem, memantine, and aggressive treatment of infection and electrolyte abnormalities. He ultimately regained baseline function and was discharged on a slow taper of benzodiazepines and zolpidem. This case illustrates the bidirectional relationship between infection, autonomic and immune dysregulation, and catatonia; highlights practical challenges when treatment with benzodiazepines and ECT is constrained by medical comorbidity; and supports considering adjunctive GABAergic and glutamatergic agents in carefully selected cases of refractory catatonia, under close specialist supervision."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Possible Signals of Ocular Disorders Associated with Gabapentinoids: A Three-Arm Study. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Background: Gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are medications used to treat epilepsy and diabetic neuropathy...Pharmacovigilance findings identified positive signals for eye disorders with both gabapentinoids compared to active control diazepam, amitriptyline and carbamazepine)... This study suggests an increase in eye disorder reports associated with gabapentinoid use. Further clinical and epidemiological studies are warranted to validate these real-world signals."

Journal • Cataract • CNS Disorders • Diabetic Neuropathy • Epilepsy • Ophthalmology • Pain • CACNA2D1

Seizures and blindness onset zone in 7 horses undergoing radiographic myelography in lateral recumbency under inhalation anesthesia. (PubMed, J Vet Intern Med) - "Contralateral focal facial motor seizures and blindness with an onset zone in the parietal and occipital cerebral cortex, respectively, ipsilateral to the side of recumbency are possible adverse effects with characteristic features in horses undergoing radiographic myelography in lateral recumbency. These signs are transient with full resolution of seizures within hours and up to 2 days for the blindness."

Journal • Retrospective data • Anesthesia • Ataxia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders • Ophthalmology

Differential Dose-Response Behavioural Profiles of Diazepam, Zolpidem and Indiplon in a Two-Trial Y-Maze Paradigm in Rats. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "The complementary factorial analyses support the interpretation that the three compounds exhibited different behavioural patterns across the nominal dose categories evaluated, while these exploratory comparisons should be interpreted within the constraints of the study design. Overall, the findings contribute to the comparative behavioural characterization of benzodiazepine-site modulators in the two-trial Y-maze paradigm."

Journal • Preclinical

Temporal drift of sleep-wake representations in hypothalamic neuronal ensembles. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "While sleep deprivation minimally affected the selectivity of these activity patterns, we found that the sleep-promoting drug diazepam recruited NREM sleep-active cells that were previously inactive or wake-active. These findings indicate that while individual neurons exhibit dynamic, state-dependent shifts of their activity, the overall organization of sleep-wake neural populations remains stable."

Journal

Homocysteine metabolism and Schizophrenia (WFSBP 2026) - "Initially treated for suspected epilepsy with levetiracetam and diazepam, he showed no response. This case confirms PNES as a critical differential diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis relies on a triad: 1) excluding neurological disease, 2) analyzing event video, and 3) identifying psychological conflict. A purely biomedical approach is risky."

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Substance Abuse