bepecin (BPC-157) / Pliva - LARVOL DELTA

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy of Severe Electrolyte Disturbances in Rats. (PubMed, Curr Neuropharmacol) - "In hypokalemia, BPC 157 (administered prophylactically or therapeutically, intraperitoneally or intragastrically) prevented fatal outcomes and addressed furosemide-induced hypokalemia, ECG changes, AV conduction block, ventricular arrhythmias, and skeletal muscle myoclonus. In lithium intoxication, BPC 157 promoted collateral pathway activation, resolved vascular and multiorgan failure, and counteracted advanced Virchow triad conditions and occlusion-like syndromes. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic promise of BPC 157 in managing electrolyte imbalances and warrant further investigation."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Movement Disorders

BPC-HAMSTR: BPC 157 for Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain Repair (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=120 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Hudson Biotech

New P2 trial

Conventional Antiarrhythmics Class I-IV, Late INa Inhibitors, IKs Enhancers, RyR2 Stabilizers, Gap Junction Modulators, Atrial-Selective Antiarrhythmics, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Therapy in Arrhythmias. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "In vitro, HEK293 studies confirm direct membrane-stabilizing actions: BPC 157 prevents hypokalemia-induced hyperpolarization, reduces hyperkalemia- and hypermagnesemia-induced depolarization, and mitigates local anesthetic-induced Na+/Ca2+ dysregulation, reflecting bidirectional homeostatic modulation of membrane potential. Thus, to confirm the hypothesis, these BPC 157 conditional, not constitutive effects, in rodent models or in vitro systems (HEK293 cells), mandate expansion of now limited clinical data and mechanisms in human investigated as a translational cytoprotective strategy for complex arrhythmias."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Myocardial Infarction • Reperfusion Injury • Ventricular Tachycardia

Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle Injury, Osteotendinous, Myotendinous, and Muscle-to-Bone Junction Therapy Perspectives with Growth Factors and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-A Review. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "In rat studies, across systemic (intraperitoneal, intragastric, or drinking water) and local (cream) administration, BPC 157 consistently demonstrated efficacy, indicating considerable translational potential. Further clinical studies will strengthen cytoprotective therapy and, particularly, BPC 157 in complex musculoskeletal and junctional injuries."

Journal • Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases • FGF • IGF1 • TGFB1

BPC157 drives angiogenesis through FBXO22-dependent stabilization of BACH1. (PubMed, Cell Commun Signal) - No abstract available

Journal • BACH1 • BRIP1 • FBXO22

Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System-Triple NO-Agent Approach in Rats. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - " Thus, first, acting systemically, BPC 157 reverses tracheocutaneous fistula course in rats. It acts through the NO system."

Journal • Preclinical • Pulmonary Disease

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Aortic Wall Remodeling by Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 After Unilateral Adrenalectomy in Rats. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "These spectral signatures are consistent with early extracellular matrix reinforcement and membrane preservation in the vascular wall and align with the recovering effect on the lesions in counteraction of the severe vascular and multiorgan failure, attenuation/elimination of thrombosis and blood pressure disturbances in various occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes. Together, after unilateral adrenalectomy, the FTIR data provide molecular-level spectral signatures consistent with rapid remodeling of the aortic wall toward a more structurally stable and functionally favorable state."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Thrombosis

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. (PubMed, J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev) - "Wound-healing peptides such as BPC-157, TB-500, and GHK-Cu promote angiogenesis, integrin-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibroblast activation, whereas growth hormone secretagogues like ipamorelin, CJC-1295, tesamorelin, sermorelin, and AOD-9604 activate IGF-1 signaling and satellite cell repair. Although preclinical studies are promising, there is a current lack of clinical trials. This review integrates current mechanistic insights with orthopaedic relevance, emphasizing safety, efficacy, and future directions for responsible integration into musculoskeletal care."

Journal • Review • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • AMPK • IGF1 • MET • TGFB1

Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. (PubMed, Am J Sports Med) - "While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides. Importantly, information regarding the indications, dosing, frequency, and duration of treatment remains unknown. Despite the popularity of these peptides in mainstream media and among patients, significant research regarding the safety and efficacy of these therapeutic methods is required before definitive recommendations can be made to patients."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Lipodystrophy • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain

Challenge of Corneal Ulcer Healing: A Novel Conceptual Framework, the "Triad" of Corneal Ulcer Healing/Corneal Neovascularization/Intraocular Pressure, and Avascular Tendon Healing, for Evaluation of Corneal Ulcer Therapy, Therapy of Neovascularization, Glaucoma Therapy, and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Efficacy. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Analyzed were the ascorbate, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, metalloproteinase inhibitors, EGF, FGF, NGF, insulin, and IGF-1 (corneal ulcer healing), the antiangiogenic agents (endostatin, PAI-1, PEDF, angiostatin, TSP-1, TSP-2, IFN-α), corticosteroids, NSAIDs, cyclosporine A, anti-VEGF drops (treatment of corneal neovascularization), and alpha 2-agonists, beta-blockers, carboanhydrase inhibitors, muscarinic agonists, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogs (glaucoma). Taken together, these findings advance cytoprotection as a unifying therapeutic paradigm, with BPC 157 emerging as its first exemplar, and encourage further translational research toward clinical application."

Journal • Review • Dry Eye Disease • Glaucoma • Keratitis • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • IFNA1 • IGF1

An Emerging Adjunct to Gastrointestinal Therapies? A Systematic Review (ACG 2025) - "Thirty-six studies from 1993 to 2025 were included (Figure 1). BPC-157 enhances growth hormone receptor expression and modulates several pathways involved in cell growth and angiogenesis while reducing inflammatory cytokines (Figure 2). In preclinical models, BPC-157 improved functional and structural outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease, GI ulcer, NSAID induced injury, various GI fistula, and repaired anastomotic site models."

Review • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • IL6 • KRAS • MPO • TNFA

BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions, but Maintaining, Promoting, or Recovering Their Essential Protective Functions. Comment on Józwiak et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 185. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "BPC 157 exhibits a distinctive effect on NO-level (increase vs. decrease), always combined with counteraction of free radicals formation, and in mice and rats, BPC 157 therapy counteracts Parkinson's disease-like and Alzheimer's disease-like disturbances. Thus, BPC 157 therapy means targeting angiogenesis and NO's cytotoxic and damaging actions, but maintaining, promoting, or recovering their essential protective functions."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • NOS3

Reply to Sikiric et al. BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions, but Maintaining, Promoting, or Recovering Their Essential Protective Functions. Comment on "Józwiak et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 185". (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "We wish to thank the Authors of the comment for their interest in our manuscript [...]."

Journal

Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. (PubMed, Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med) - No abstract available

Journal • Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases

Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant and is believed to protect the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "This article discusses the lengthy review by Pedrag Sikiric and twenty one (21) co-authors in Inflammopharmacology (2024) 32:3119-3161."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, HSS J) - "Adverse effects are possible due to unregulated manufacturing, contamination, or unknown clinical safety. We recommend that clinicians counsel athletes to understand their organizations' rules to remain compliant with medication/supplement safety and testing standards."

Journal • Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "BPC 157 exhibits a distinctive effect on the NO-level (increase vs. decrease), always combined with the counteraction of free radical formation, and, in mice and rats, BPC 157 therapy counteracts Parkinson's disease-like and Alzheimer's disease-like disturbances. Thus, BPC 157 therapy means targeting angiogenesis and NO's cytotoxic and damaging actions but maintaining, promoting, or recovering their essential protective functions."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • NOS3

Acute Compartment Syndrome and Intra-Abdominal Hypertension, Decompression, Current Pharmacotherapy, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Solution. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "This serves to counteract multiorgan and vessel failure, including lesions and hemorrhages in the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, thrombosis, peripherally and centrally, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension, occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, advanced Virchow triad circumstances, and free radical formation acting as a membrane stabilizer and free radical scavenger. Likewise, not only in ACS/IAH resolving, but also in other occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, this "bypassing key" could be an effect of the essential endothelial cytoprotective capacity of BPC 157 and a particular modulatory effect on the NO-system, and a rescuing impact on vasomotor tone."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Hypotension • Thrombosis

Indigenous Gram-Negative Bacteria as Probiotics for Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "In this study, we conducted a 30-day feeding trial on 106 cfu/g of indigenous Gram-negative bacteria Shewanella algae A3 and Serratia marcescens Van80 UB3 as probiotics using post-larval shrimp at stage 10 (PL-10)...Additionally, the expression of growth-related genes, including IGF-1, ecdysteroid, and myosin in the intestines, hepatopancreas, and muscles, was significantly higher in group C (P < 0.05). These findings strongly suggest that enriching the diets of Pacific white shrimp with 106 cfu/g of multi-indigenous Gram-negative bacteria probiotics can significantly improve growth performance, immunity, contribute to sustainable shrimp farming practice, and reduce of antibiotics application in aquaculture."

Journal • Infectious Disease • IGF1

Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. (PubMed, Altern Ther Health Med) - "Intravenous infusion of up to 20 mg of BPC-157 in 2 healthy adults showed no adverse effects and was well-tolerated. The results of this pilot study showed the safety of BPC-157 in humans. Future studies are also needed to confirm the safety of intravenous BPC-157 in humans."

Journal

Healing or Hype? Systematic Review of BPC-157 in Orthopedic Sports Medicine Applications (AAOS 2025) - "The pleiotropic cytoprotective mechanism of BPC-157 promotes structural and functional recovery in preclinical tendon rupture, ligament tear, muscle tear, and fracture models. Although no adverse effects of BPC-157 were reported in preclinical studies, the in-human safety remains unknown. Due to the lack of high-quality clinical evidence, we caution against the use of BPC-157 by clinicians and athletes."

Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain • KRAS

Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "This generated the attention of experts, as BPC 157 has been offered for sale on many websites. We also present recent interest in BPC 157 as reflected in a number of patent applications and granted patents."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas)) - "Additionally, the evaluation of TAS, TOS, OSI, and PON-1 revealed a statistically significant increase in antioxidant activity in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues of the I/RB group. The findings of this study demonstrate that BPC-157 exerts a significant protective effect against distant organ damage in the liver, kidneys, and lungs following lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Reperfusion Injury • PON1

Editorial Commentary: Testosterone, Growth Hormone, and Vitamin D Supplementation Is Not Routinely Indicated for Orthopaedic Surgery Patients. (PubMed, Arthroscopy) - "A challenge is that patients may request supplementation with TRT and other supplements including vitamin D (which may benefit fracture healing, bone metabolism, muscle recovery, and healing of tendons and wounds) and growth hormones (specifically BPC 157, which may optimize endurance training, metabolism, tissue repair, and surgical recovery). However, TRT and other supplements have risks and may not be indicated. TRT is not recommended for routine use in the perioperative management of orthopedic surgery patients."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy of Severe Electrolyte Disturbances in Rats. (PubMed, Curr Neuropharmacol) - "In hypokalemia, BPC 157 (administered prophylactically or therapeutically, intraperitoneally or intragastrically) prevented fatal outcomes and addressed furosemide-induced hypokalemia, ECG changes, AV conduction block, ventricular arrhythmias, and skeletal muscle myoclonus. In lithium intoxication, BPC 157 promoted collateral pathway activation, resolved vascular and multiorgan failure, and counteracted advanced Virchow triad conditions and occlusion-like syndromes. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic promise of BPC 157 in managing electrolyte imbalances and warrant further investigation."

Journal • Preclinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry