Enbrel (etanercept) / Pfizer, Amgen - LARVOL DELTA

Beyond Words: Diagnosing Etanercept-Induced Crohnâs in a Nonverbal Patient (ACG 2026) - "The findings were consistent with Crohnâs disease, and adalimumab was initiated with subsequent clinical and biochemical improvement. Clinicians should maintain a low threshold for endoscopic evaluation in etanercept-treated patients with unexplained inflammatory symptoms, especially in nonverbal populations where recognition is inherently delayed. Figure: a) Descending colon mucosa with granuloma b) Sigmoid colon mucosa with granuloma Figure: Descending colon mucosa with Paneth cell metaplasia"

Clinical • Constipation • Crohn's disease • Developmental Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Movement Disorders • Psoriatic Arthritis • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

An Ileal Whodunit! Disentangling Etanercept-Induced Ileal Crohn's Disease from NSAID Enteropathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACG 2026) - "Following discussion with rheumatology, etanercept was discontinued and transitioned to adalimumab, resulting in clinical improvement and normalization of fecal calprotectin. Figure: Small bowel capsule endoscopy demonstrating patchy, serpiginous ulcerations with edematous mucosa affecting multiple quadrants from 87% SBTT to 99% SBTT. Lewis Score 0/0/1968"

Celiac Disease • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology

Pancreatic Tuberculosis Mimicking Pancreatic Carcinoma : A Diagnostic Dilemma Secured by Lymph Node Biopsy (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ Case 1: A 67-year-old diabetic woman on etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever (38.7°C), tachypnea, tachycardia, asthenia, and epigastric tenderness...To safely navigate this challenge and reduce unnecessary healthcare costs, clinicians must consider this diagnosis even in immunocompetent patients, since both pathologies can coexist. We advocate for echo-guided biopsy of concurrent lymphadenopathy as a crucial diagnostic step, securing early tissue confirmation."

Biopsy • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatitis • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Solid Tumor • Tuberculosis

Esophageal Lichen Planus With an Esophageal Stricture: A Rare Lichen Planus Manifestation (ACG 2026) - "Management included omeprazole for 8 weeks and swallowed fluticasone for 4 weeks...Drug-induced etiology was considered, as the patient was taking possible causative medications including etanercept and lisinopril...ELP remains underdiagnosed due to variable presentation and subtle endoscopic findings, our case highlights the need for increased vigilance in selected populations. Figure: Figure 1: Esophageal stricture (EGD 1) Figure: Figure 2: Endoscopic appearance following 12mm dilation (EGD 2), crepe paper like mucosa in upper third of the esophagus"

Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lichen Planus • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Intestine, Liver, Pancreas, and Stomach Transplantation (ACG 2026) - "Therapy escalates from everolimus and octreotide to capecitabine and temozolomide, with subsequent disease progression...Dermatology and hematology are consulted, topical steroids are started for the rash and tbo-filgrastim for worsening neutropenia...After refusing cytogam, he returns with rising CMV levels, is treated with IV ganciclovir, and discharged with oral valganciclovir...Persistent donor predominance on STR analysis with cutaneous and bone marrow involvement is shown. Treatment includes corticosteroids, etanercept, photopheresis, ruxolitinib, and supportive care."

Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Cardiovascular • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia • Neuroendocrine Tumor • Neutropenia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Organ Transplantation • Solid Tumor • Transplantation

Rare but Fatal: Acute Graft vs Host Disease Following Liver Transplantation (ACG 2026) - "Induction consisted of methylprednisolone 500 mg IV, followed by tacrolimus 1 mg BID and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 500 mg BID...The patient received hydrocortisone 100 mg IV every 8 hours and was transferred to the transplant center, where he was treated with etanercept and intravenous immunoglobulin followed by a steroid taper...The donor-recipient age difference was 12 years, below the >20-year threshold associated with increased mortality, and the absence of basiliximab induction may also have been favorable...B) Milibiform-like eczematous patches. Figure: Figure 2: Right chest punch biopsy showing vacuolar interface dermatitis with adnexal involvement and eosinophils consistent with acute graft-versus-host disease."

Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Atopic Dermatitis • Colorectal Cancer • Dermatitis • Eosinophilia • Fibrosis • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia • Metabolic Disorders • Thrombocytopenia • Transplantation

Prevalence and clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. (PubMed, RMD Open) - "ADA prevalence in PsA varies widely between bDMARDs and across studies of the same bDMARD. ADAs appear most clinically relevant for TNF inhibitors, whereas evidence for other biological classes remains limited. Immunoassay heterogeneity limits comparability, highlighting the need for standardised prospective studies."

Journal • Review • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • IL12A • IL23A

Practical Saudi Guidelines on management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis: 2026 update. (PubMed, J Dermatolog Treat) - "For pediatric patients, the guidelines recommend early initiation of biologic therapy, with etanercept, secukinumab, ixekizumab, and adalimumab as preferred options. These Saudi national guidelines offer a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for managing moderate-to-severe psoriasis in adults and pediatric patients."

Clinical guideline • Journal • Review • Dermatology • Immunology • Oncology • Pediatrics • Psoriasis • IL12A • IL23A

Biologic and targeted synthetic therapies in ankylosing spondylitis: a pharmacological review. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "TNF inhibitors (adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab pegol) typically achieve Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society 40% improvement (ASAS40) rates of 40%-58% at 12-24 weeks versus 13%-24% with placebo, and maintain clinical benefit in many patients over 5-8 years. IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab, bimekizumab, brodalumab, netakimab) yield broadly similar ASAS40 responses (30%-50% versus 10%-20% placebo) and are particularly useful in patients with concomitant psoriasis with substantially reduced risk of tuberculosis reactivation. JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, upadacitinib) represent the newest class, offering oral administration with ASAS40 responses of 40%-52% versus 13%-26% for placebo in both biologic-naïve and biologic-experienced AS, though cardiovascular safety considerations necessitate careful patient selection. Therapeutic selection should consider comorbidities (uveitis favors TNF monoclonal antibodies;..."

Journal • Review • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Back Pain • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Pain • Psoriasis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis • Tuberculosis • Uveitis • IL17A

Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=80 | Recruiting | Sponsor: NYU Langone Health | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial completion date: Sep 2027 ➔ Jan 2028 | Initiation date: Sep 2025 ➔ Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2027 ➔ Jan 2028

Enrollment open • Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • Orthopedics • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology

Real-World Cardiovascular and Mortality Outcomes of Janus Kinase Inhibitors Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACR Convergence 2026) - "TNF inhibitors comprised adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab. JAK inhibitors included tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib... In this real-world study, Janus kinase inhibitors were associated with higher long-term mortality and a modest increase in major adverse cardiovascular events compared with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, with notable differences across individual agents. These findings highlight the need for careful cardiovascular and thrombotic risk assessment when selecting JAK inhibitor therapy and support further prospective studies to refine patient selection."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Venous Thromboembolism

Biologic drugs for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "This review has supported evidence generation, but head-to-head comparative trials for key interventional subclasses or specific agents may be needed, as guided by key stakeholders; for example, on the use of biosimilar versions of medications out of patent. The role of concomitant purine analogues is a key confounding factor and future studies may not only want to investigate specifically the role of combinations, but also consider stratifying populations or purposefully excluding participants based on this key class of therapy to avoid such heterogeneity. Given the majority of evidence focusses on the outcomes of clinical remission and relapse, future studies may want to further consider other outcomes of clear interest to clinicians and patients, particularly endoscopic remission. Finally, long-term safety data are limited throughout the networks. Whilst future studies with longer follow-ups could provide increased data, it may be that study designs outside of..."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • IL7R

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for rheumatoid arthritis after failure of biologic or targeted synthetic therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "We found high-certainty evidence that nine therapies and moderate-certainty evidence that two therapies provide a clinically important benefit in improving disease activity compared to placebo for people with rheumatoid arthritis after failure of b/ts DMARD therapy. There was significant uncertainty surrounding treatment-related harms, with the evidence having been downgraded for serious or extremely serious imprecision. Pair-wise comparisons showed no significant differences among therapies, although the certainty of evidence was low. The lack of clarity regarding safety and comparative efficacy suggests that treatment decisions should be guided by individual patient characteristics and preferences."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Fatigue • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Pain • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • IL6

Risk of Malignant Melanoma with biologic- or targeted synthetic disease-modifying therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study (EULAR 2026) - "Exposures were categorized as (i) JAKi (baricitinib, filgotinib, upadacitinib, tofacitinib), (ii) non-TNFi (abatacept, rituximab, sarilumab, tocilizumab), and (iii) TNFi (adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab). However, for both drug classes there were signals of an internal shift in the distribution of invasive (approximately 1 extra annual case for every 2000 patients) vs. in situ MM (approximately 1 fewer annual case for every 2000 patients). Abatacept was associated with an increased risk of MM overall."

Clinical • Congestive Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Melanoma • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Skin Cancer • Solid Organ Transplantation • Solid Tumor

Incremental Benefit of Combining Etanercept and Tofacitinib in Treatment-Refractory Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Series of Four Cases. (PubMed, Int J Rheum Dis) - No abstract available

Journal • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis

Trial Emulation Comparing Triple Therapy to Etanercept Plus Methotrexate after Methotrexate Failure Using a Real-World Electronic Health Records Data Platform (ACR Convergence 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Immunology • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology

Ex Vivo Immune-Protein Profiling Supports First-Line JAK versus TNF Inhibitor Selection in biologic- and targeted synthetic DMARD-naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis patients (ACR Convergence 2026) - "We aimed to define ex vivo drug-modulated immune-protein signatures and determine whether they could guide first-line selection between JAKi and TNFi. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and neutrophils from 48 b/tsDMARD-naïve RA patients were cultured with autologous serum and treated ex vivo with baricitinib or etanercept. Ex vivo-derived JAKi- and TNFi-modulated immune-protein signatures identify distinct b/tsDMARD-naïve RA subgroups with treatment-specific clinical outcomes. Their integration into a seven-protein machine-learning model provides a dual-therapy predictive framework that may support personalized first-line selection between JAKi and TNFi and reduce trial-and-error prescribing in RA.Funded by the EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking 3TR, ISCIII (PI24/00959 and RD24/0007/0019, FI25/00087), and RYC2021-033828-I; co-financed by European Union."

IO biomarker • Preclinical • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • CDCP1 • EIF4EBP1 • IL17C • PD-L1 • TGFB1

Comparative Infection Risk with TNF Monoclonal Antibodies Versus Etanercept in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Real-World Study (ACR Convergence 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis

Comparative Outcomes in Pregnant Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With and Without Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (ACR Convergence 2026) - "The most frequently used TNFi were adalimumab, certolizumab, and etanercept. Infliximab and golimumab were administered only to a minority of patients in 2 studies... To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis evaluating outcomes in pregnant patients exclusively with RA, treated with or without anti-TNF inhibitors. Amongst patients with RA, TNFi use in pregnancy does not appear to be associated with congenital anomalies, SGA, or preterm birth. This could help inform patient counselling around continuation of TNFi in the prenatal period in this patient population."

Retrospective data • Review • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Small for Gestational Age

Accelerated Coronary Artery Aneurysm Remodeling Following Etanercept Rescue Therapy in Kawasaki Disease: A Four-Patients Case Series (ACR Convergence 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Cardiovascular

Etanercept in Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft Versus Host Disease: Clinical Response, Toxicity, and Long-Term Outcomes. (PubMed, Blood Cell Ther) - "Infections were the major cause of mortality, and early tapering of systemic steroids may be the key to improving outcomes. In the current ruxolitinib era, etanercept may hold a place in patients where ruxolitinib has failed or is not feasible."

Journal • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Transplantation

Clinical and laboratory manifestations and treatment of children with TNFRSF1A gene variants. (PubMed, World J Clin Pediatr) - "Variants in the TNFRSF1A gene may cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, including eye and intestinal lesions that are not typical of sJIA. All patients with fever and unusual sJIA symptoms should have molecular genetic testing for TNFRSF1A variants to confirm or exclude AID early. Early diagnosis enables timely therapy and prevents complications. Tocilizumab (39.3%), canakinumab (33.3%), and TNF inhibitors (21.2%) achieved remission in children with TNFRSF1A variants. Some patients required multiple bDMARD switches to achieve remission, highlighting the complexity of treatment decisions in this group."

Journal • Amyloidosis • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Pediatrics • Rheumatology • Ventriculomegaly • TNFRSF1A

Threats to validity of the PESTO perispinal etanercept stroke trial: a document-based clinical trial evaluation. (PubMed, Expert Opin Biol Ther) - "Correction of PESTO's record and conclusions and reclassification of its Class I designation are due now. Further, independent multidisciplinary review, with separate statistical and research-ethics components, is required."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation

Differential Expression of Visfatin, Sirtuin-1, and Interleukin-18 in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Comparative Study of Etanercept-Treated versus Newly Diagnosed Patients. (PubMed, Iran J Med Sci) - "Etanercept significantly upregulates SIRT-1 expression while suppressing IL-18 and visfatin levels in AS patients, highlighting its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory mechanisms beyond TNF-α blockade. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathways modulated by anti-TNF therapy, particularly the interplay between SIRT1-mediated epigenetic regulation and adipokine-driven inflammation."

Clinical • Journal • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • IL18 • NAMPT • SIRT1

Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Hand Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. (PubMed, Hand Surg Rehabil) - "Current randomized evidence does not support the routine use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for hand osteoarthritis. Selected biologic agents showed limited symptomatic signals, particularly in pain or inflammatory joint outcomes, but these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of disease modification. Structural and biomarker evidence remains exploratory and insufficient. Future trials should focus on phenotype-enriched hand osteoarthritis populations and use standardized clinical, imaging, biomarker, and safety outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Immunology • Musculoskeletal Pain • Osteoarthritis • Pain