clonidine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Clonidine attenuates chronic hypoxic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in male Swiss mice through suppression of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "Clonidine treatment reduced malondialdehyde, nitrites, pro-inflammatory cytokines, AChE, and MPO contents ; enhanced antioxidant defense molecules; and preserved the neuronal cell integrity in the discrete brain regions of mice subjected to CHS. These findings suggest that clonidine mitigated CHS-induced behavioral impairments by reducing OS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and may be repurposed as a promising therapeutic candidate for chronic stress-related disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Pain • CAT • IL6 • MPO • TNFA

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Technologies, and Clinical Applications. (PubMed, Pharm Res) - "Future directions in TDDS research focus on integrating nanotechnology, AI-driven optimization, wearable sensors, and closed-loop smart systems. These integrations aim to achieve greater precision, personalization, and efficiency in transdermal drug delivery, providing valuable insights for future research and translational development."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Nicotine Addiction • Pain

Impact of Intraoperative Clonidine on Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, A A Pract) - "A single intraoperative dose of clonidine is hemodynamically safe in patients undergoing endometriosis surgery and is associated with reduced postoperative opioid consumption and shivering, but increased sedation."

Clinical • Journal • Anesthesia • Endometriosis • Gynecology • Pain • Women's Health

Sexual dimorphism in the clonidine-mediated suppression of trigeminal nociception in wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons (EHF-EHC 2025) - "In males, clonidine-induced inhibition of Aδ- and C-fibre discharge relies on α 2A -adrenoceptor activation. In females, the activation of α 2B/2C -adrenoceptors appears to be significant for the inhibition of Aδ-fibre discharge by clonidine, but not for C-fibre discharge, suggesting that other mechanisms or receptors might be involved in females."

Late-breaking abstract • Anesthesia

Effect of Clonidine Additive to suprascapular_ Costoclavicular Versus Standard Interscalene Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgeries (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Assiut University

New P4 trial • Orthopedics

Comparison of the Effects of a Melissa officinalis L. and Valerian Combination With Clonidine on Anxiety, Hemodynamic Changes, and Shivering in Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, J Perianesth Nurs) - "The results indicated that Norogol was as effective as clonidine in reducing shivering in patients after surgery. Although the intervention groups showed a decrease in both obvious and hidden anxiety, the reduction was not statistically significant."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain • Psychiatry

Combining the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine with naloxone rescues fentanyl-induced physiologic dysfunction and increases survival. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Unlike morphine, high dose fentanyl rapidly produces airway obstruction, muscle rigidity, and cardiovascular failure...We also show that administration of intramuscular naloxone immediately after intravenous infusion of fentanyl did not improve survival...Also, supplementing naloxone with drugs targeting the adrenergic system improves survival primarily by reopening the upper airway, implicating airway obstruction as a significant component of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Therefore, reversal of vocal cord closure appears to be the necessary precursor to the restoration of not only respiration, but also vascular autoregulation, a significant determinant of survival from fentanyl overdose."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases

Pediatric Clonidine Toxicity: A Review. (PubMed, Pediatr Emerg Care) - "Given the potential for delayed and prolonged toxicity, particularly with ingestion of transdermal patches, early recognition and intervention are critical. This review equips clinicians to understand, diagnose, and manage pediatric clonidine toxicity, emphasizing the importance of supportive care and consideration of naloxone for severe cases."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Hypotension • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Liposomal Bupivacaine With Standard Bupivacaine Versus Dexmedetomidine With Standard Bupivacaine (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=96 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong | Completed ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: May 2025 ➔ Feb 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2025 ➔ Nov 2025

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain

Exploring the Cardiovascular Impacts of Agmatine: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Med Sci (Basel)) - "The effects exerted by AG depend on the dose and route of administration, as well as on the receptors involved and the pathophysiological pathway used."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Comparative acceptability and immediate behavioral response to different pediatric premedications: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, J Clin Anesth) - "Syrup-based oral midazolam offers a favorable balance between acceptability and behavioral response, making it a practical option for pediatric premedication. Intranasal clonidine and dexmedetomidine demonstrated moderate behavioral performance, with dexmedetomidine also showing moderate acceptability. In contrast, nebulized formulations were poorly accepted, and intranasal midazolam, despite good acceptability, was poorly tolerated. These findings provide comparative evidence on acceptability and tolerability, which should be integrated with existing evidence on efficacy and safety when selecting premedication strategies in pediatric anesthesia."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Anesthesia • Pediatrics

In Vitro Pharmacology of Mitragynine at α-Adrenoceptors. (PubMed, ACS Chem Neurosci) - "Nevertheless, the agonist effects of mitragynine at α1AR-Gα11 were modest compared to clonidine, a partial agonist control that also activated all α2R transducers. Mitragynine's dual α2AR antagonist/α1R partial agonist pharmacology might contribute to mitragynine's psychostimulant-like properties."

Journal • Preclinical • ARRB1

Comparative Analysis of Intrathecal Lidocaine Combined With Guanfacine or Dexmedetomidine on Nociceptive and Motor Blockade in Rats. (PubMed, Fundam Clin Pharmacol) - "The aim of this study was to examine the effects of intrathecal lidocaine combined with guanfacine or dexmedetomidine on nociceptive and motor blockade, in comparison to clonidine. Guanfacine produced dose-dependent spinal blockade and was equipotent to lidocaine. At equianesthetic doses, guanfacine produced a longer duration of blockade than lidocaine."

Clinical • Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia

Electricity-driven site-selective deuteration of pharmaceuticals. (PubMed, Chem Sci) - "Furthermore, gram-scale synthesis of D-clonidine demonstrates the scalability of this approach. By integrating high selectivity, broad substrate scope, and operational efficiency, this method offers a practical solution for deuterated drug synthesis, with potential applications in pharmaceutical development and metabolic stabilization."

Journal

Noradrenergic α2 Receptor Modulates Cav2.2-Mediated Nociception in Parkinson's Disease Through Spinal Neuro-glial Network. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "Clonidine (α2 agonist) concomitantly restored spinal NE levels, reversed nociceptive thresholds, suppressed glial activation, normalized glutamate/GABA imbalance, and downregulated Cav2.2 expression. Notably, Ω-conotoxin GVIA (Cav2.2 antagonist) similarly produced alleviated hypersensitivity, attenuated neuroinflammation, and rebalanced excitatory-inhibitory synaptic transmission. LC-NE degeneration exacerbates PD pain through α2 receptor-associated Cav2.2 hyperactivity in the SDH, potentially driving neuro-glial crosstalk, excitatory-inhibitory dysregulation, and inflammatory signaling."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Pain • Parkinson's Disease • CACNA1B • CAV2 • FOS • GFAP

R.E.C.K vs Exparel in Robotic Nephrectomy (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=170 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Oncology • Pain • Renal Cell Carcinoma • Solid Tumor

The Effect of High-thoracic Erector Spinae Plane Block on Postoperative Pain and Diaphragmatic Function in Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=50 | Completed | Sponsor: Benha University | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | Phase classification: P2 ➔ P3

Phase classification • Trial completion • Orthopedics • Pain

Melittin-Clonidine peritumoral injection gel for cold tumor: exposing tumor antigens and reducing immunosuppressive pressure on immune cells. (PubMed, Int J Pharm) - "Furthermore, when combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1), (MEL + CLD)@PPP significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy in both 4T1 and CT26 tumor cells, alleviated T cell exhaustion and M2-type macrophage polarization. These findings suggested that the peritumoral injection of thermosensitive hydrogel showcases a "kill two birds with one stone" approach that achieves continuous release of drugs at the tumor site and boosts tumor immunogenicity, offering a novel and streamlined strategy for "cold cancer" treatment."

IO biomarker • Journal • Tumor mutational burden • Breast Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • CD8 • GZMB • IFNG • TMB

Extending the Duration of Your Peripheral Nerve Block: From Perineural Additives and Continuous Catheters, to Liposomal Preparations and Beyond. (PubMed, Adv Anesth) - "Strategies to prolong analgesia include continuous nerve catheters, perineural adjuncts (dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, buprenorphine, clonidine, and epinephrine), and liposomal bupivacaine. Emerging options such as peripheral nerve stimulation show promise in reducing postoperative pain and opioid reliance. Further research is needed to optimize safety and efficacy."

Journal • Review • Pain

Impact of delirium in cardiosurgical patients on short- and long-term mortality. (PubMed, Intensive Crit Care Nurs) - "POD affects nearly one in five patients after cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse short-term outcomes, including longer stays and higher readmission and early mortality rates. Its independent effect on long-term mortality may be limited. Further studies are needed to explore its influence on quality of life and cognitive function."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

When Pills Are Not an Option: Procedural Pathways in a Case of Drug-Intolerant Resistant Hypertension (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "She had a 20-year history of uncontrolled hypertension and was labeled allergic to 61 medications.Only clonidine and propranolol were tolerated, offering limited control. This patient’s eventual procedural acceptance following acute deterioration highlights how crisis events can pivot patient behavior. Clinicians must remain flexible, recognizing that symptom burden does not always reflect hemodynamic severity, and that multidisciplinary, patient-centered approaches are vital in extreme presentations of resistant hypertension."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Solid Tumor

Early Lupus Nephritis (LN) Unmasked by Refractory Hypertension (HTN) and Pericarditis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "He was diagnosed with SLE and started on corticosteroids, later transitioned to azathioprine and belimumab...He was maintained on prednisone 10 mg daily. Months later, he developed HTN refractory to amlodipine 10 mg, clonidine 0.2 mg, eplerenone 50 mg, and olmesartan 20 mg. Eplerenone was increased to 100 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg added, but HTN persisted...In suspected proliferative LN, switching from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil is often favored...Timely biopsy and treatment adjustment are key to preserving renal function. Emerging therapies may support steroid-sparing approaches for glomerular and extraglomerular lupus manifestations."

Cardiovascular • Glomerulonephritis • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Ocular Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Resistant Hypertension in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Role for Aliskiren? (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "Despite receiving cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone, he remained dialysis-dependent and was referred for renal transplant. He had multiple hypertensive emergency admissions despite a multi-drug regimen with nifedipine, telmisartan, carvedilol, eplerenone, clonidine, and hydralazine, and dry weight optimization...Studies are warranted to compare DRI efficacy against standard antihypertensives in similar clinical scenarios. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government."

ANCA Vasculitis • Cardiovascular • Glomerulonephritis • Hypertension • Inflammation • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Vasculitis • MPO

The Silent Killer: Recurrent Severe Paroxysmal Hypertension Causing Kidney Failure in a Patient with Pseudopheochromocytoma (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "He was re-admitted a week later for HTN emergency, AKI (SCr 3.5 mg/dL) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, managed with IV hydralazine, nicardipine and heparin drips...Despite a six-drug regimen including clonidine and phenoxybenzamine, renal function deteriorated requiring dialysis in one year. Discussion This case highlights recurrent symptomatic paroxysmal HTN as a presenting sign for pseudopheochromocytoma, importance in identifying and treating psychosocial factors that cause sympathetic nervous system activation. Plasma metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NM) levels Left adrenal adenoma on MRI with gadolinium and 123-I MIBG scan."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hypertension • Myocardial Infarction • Nephrology • Peripheral Arterial Disease • Prostate Cancer • Renal Disease • Solid Tumor

Medical Management of Pheochromocytoma in a 95-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report of Long-Term Conservative Therapy (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "By March 2020, phenoxybenzamine was increased to 10 mg TID; doxazosin 2 mg TID. Metoprolol was added but later changed to nebivolol. Clonidine 0.1 mg PRN was initiated in April 2023...Despite age >90, CKD, and severe aortic stenosis, BP was largely controlled without surgical intervention. Conservative therapy may be a durable and effective alternative in select high-risk patients."

Case report • Clinical • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Hypertension • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor