tetrabenazine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Tetrabenazine-Induced Rapid-Onset Suicidality in an Adolescent With Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. (PubMed, Prim Care Companion CNS Disord) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Theta oscillations vary with local response rate and are moderated by the dopamine-depleting agent, tetrabenazine, during effort-based behavior. (PubMed, Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci) - "We determined that the behavioral effects of TBZ were correlated with these neurophysiological changes across animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate how TBZ may affect both theta dynamics and effortful behavior and suggest that the amplitude and frequency of theta band may vary with exertion of effort in motivated behavior."

Journal

When Stroke Mimics a Subthalamic Lesion: An Unusual Presentation of Hemichorea-Hemiballismus. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was initiated on antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention and tetrabenazine for the symptomatic management of involuntary movements. This case underscores the diverse anatomical substrates and the evolving understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HCHB."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke • Movement Disorders

Refractory tardive dyskinesia in the critical care setting: A case report of successful use of phenobarbital. (PubMed, SAGE Open Med Case Rep) - "Despite withdrawal of antipsychotics, a trial of deutetrabenazine, and high-dose tetrabenazine (150 mg/day for several weeks), symptoms persisted and significantly impaired critical care management. Given phenobarbital's activity on Gamma Aminobutyric Acid B receptors, its mechanism may involve modulation of GABAergic pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Further investigation in clinical studies is warranted."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

The role of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in the inhibitory effect of tetrabenazine and valbenazine compared to reserpine on the vesicular release of monoamine transmitters. (PubMed, Front Cell Neurosci) - "TBZ and VBZ are compared to RSP in that they also inhibit the vesicular release of neurotransmitters and storage capacity; however, their activity is less effective and is of much shorter duration, leaving some time for vesicle refilling. The difference observed between the two types of VMAT-2 inhibitors might give some explanation of why, in response to TBZ or VBZ treatment, the occurrence of depression or Parkinsonism as side effects is seen very rarely or not at all, and in the case of RSP, it is relatively frequent."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Characterisation of a touchscreen-based task for assessing cognitive judgement bias in mice: a new translational tool for affective state disorder drug screening. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "This study underscores the capacity of mice to respond to visually ambiguous stimuli in an ambiguity-dependent manner, a phenomenon observed across various species, including humans. Furthermore, it establishes and validates an operant behavioural task to assess CJB in mice delivered using the touchscreen platform, which has significant cross-species translational potential."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Exploring the Healthcare Resource Utilization (HCRU) Associated With Chorea in Patients With Huntington's Disease (HD): A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Risperidone was the most prescribed (26%), tetrabenazine (17%), other (6%), risperidone + tetrabenazine (6%), and deutetrabenazine (2%). Chorea imposes a substantial HCRU burden on patients with HD, which increases with chorea severity. Chorea imposes a substantial HCRU burden on patients with HD, which increases with chorea severity. Patients with the most severe chorea require more healthcare resources and experience greater impairments in work/daily functioning. Despite VMAT2 inhibitors being the only approved treatments for chorea in HD, their use remains limited—potentially due to costs."

Clinical • HEOR • Review • CNS Disorders • Huntington's Disease • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry

Molecular basis of vesicular monoamine transport and neurological drug interactions. (PubMed, Cell Rep) - "Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VMAT2 capturing a cytoplasmic-open state with reserpine and lumenal-facing states with serotonin and histamine in open, amphetamine in less open, tetrabenazine in fully occluded, and unbound VMAT2 in partially occluded conformations. Liposome-based analyses demonstrate that amphetamine directly induces the release of a fluorescent monoamine analog via VMAT2, consistent with an exchange mechanism underlying psychostimulation. These findings reveal the molecular basis of monoamine storage and drug interactions by VMAT2, informing therapeutic development for neurological diseases and substance abuse."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

Spectacular shrinking deficit followed by delayed Hemichorea-Hemiballismus: Redefining the stroke-TIA spectrum. (PubMed, eNeurologicalSci) - "Neuroimaging revealed T1 hyperintensities in the right striatum without contrast enhancement, subtle diffusion abnormalities, and focal right MCA stenosis, while metabolic workup ruled out hyperglycemic chorea. The patient's refractory symptoms responded uniquely to tetrabenazine, further supporting an ischemic rather than metabolic etiology."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Movement Disorders

Hyperglycaemia Presenting With Hemichorea: A Rare Case of Diabetic Striatopathy With Ketosis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Tetrabenazine was also started...Therefore, it should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses in any diabetic patient presenting with a movement disorder, even outside the typical Asian demographic and non-ketotic setting. Prompt diagnosis prevents misclassification as an intra-cerebral haemorrhage and facilitates timely management with an excellent prognosis."

Journal • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effectiveness of 40-Session Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: A 6-Month Follow-Up Case Report. (PubMed, Turk Psikiyatri Derg) - "Pharmacological treatment included escitalopram (10 mg/day), followed sequentially by pimozide (4 mg/day), tetrabenazine (3*25 mg/day), and aripiprazole (10 mg/day). This report suggests that rTMS may be a promising alternative for TS patients with psychiatric comorbidities, particularly those who cannot tolerate medications or achieve sufficient symptom control through pharmacotherapy alone. Keywords: Tourette’s Syndrome, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Supplementary Motor Area."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • General Anxiety Disorder • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Tourette Syndrome

Efficacy and safety of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors for Huntington's disease chorea based on network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Three VMAT2 inhibitors, including tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine and valbenazine were investigated. Tetrabenazine is the most effective in controlling chorea, whereas valbenazine may be the optimal choice for patients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251012431, identifier CRD420251012431."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Huntington's Disease • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

Managing Dystonia in Partington Syndrome. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - "Treatment options in Partington syndrome-associated dystonia remain elusive. Further research and additional case studies are needed to fully characterize the clinical features of Partington syndrome and to identify effective treatments."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Dystonia • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders

Comparison of tetrabenazine, tiapride and olanzapine in Huntington's disease: a one-year French randomized multicenter study (Neuro-HD). (PubMed, Parkinsonism Relat Disord) - "Olanzapine improved chorea, behavior, and irritability, although with a slight increase in rigidity. Tetrabenazine confirmed efficacy for chorea but was associated with mood disorders and drowsiness, while tiapride reduced irritability. These results underscore the importance of symptom-specific, individualized treatment."

Clinical • Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Huntington's Disease • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

Efficacy and Safety of VMAT-2 Inhibitors and Dopamine Stabilizers for Huntington's Chorea: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis. (PubMed, Med Sci (Basel)) - "VMAT-2 inhibitors may suggest potential improvements in motor symptoms in Huntington's disease, while current evidence does not demonstrate a significant benefit of dopamine stabilizers. The safety profiles of both treatments appear generally comparable to placebo. Further rigorous and long-term studies are required to better establish their efficacy and safety."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Genetic Disorders • Huntington's Disease • Movement Disorders

Dopamine antagonist effects of the D2/D3 receptor partial agonist aripiprazole on effort-based choice tasks in male and female rats. (PubMed, Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci) - "Previous research has shown that D2 receptor antagonists, such as haloperidol and eticlopride, produce a low-effort bias in rodents tested on effort-based choice...Furthermore, when DA tone was reduced by administration of the DA storage inhibitor tetrabenazine, aripiprazole did not increase lever pressing, instead producing a further decrease in male rats...Aripiprazole also increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that aripiprazole acts as a D2 family functional antagonist on rat models of effort-based choice."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • FOS

Exposure to Mitochondrial Toxins: An In Vitro Study of Energy Depletion and Oxidative Stress in Driving Dopaminergic Neuronal Death in MN9D Cells. (PubMed, Toxics) - "Dysregulation of dopamine biosynthesis differed mechanistically from vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) inhibition by tetrabenazine, suggesting alternative pathways of catecholamine disruption...These findings provide insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neurotoxicity and highlight mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition as a key driver of PD pathogenesis. Future research should explore therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing mitochondrial function to mitigate neurodegenerative progression."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Thermoreversible Ionogel for Enhanced Nose-to-brain Delivery of Tetrabenazine Hydrochloride: Optimization by Central Composite Design and In Vitro Ex Vivo Evaluation. (PubMed, AAPS PharmSciTech) - "Short-term stability studies further confirmed the robustness of the formulation. Conclusively, the ionogel demonstrated improved delivery of TBZ, opening up the vista of BIL and ionogel customizability for NBD for diverse drug/s used in the management of neurological disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Vesicular monoamine transport inhibitors: current uses and future directions. (PubMed, Lancet) - "VMAT2 inhibitors, such as tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine, show therapeutic efficacy in managing hyperkinetic movement disorders, including Huntington's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette's syndrome. Recent studies have provided further structural insights into VMAT2 inhibition mechanisms, paving the way for the development of inhibitors with enhanced potency and selectivity. Leveraging pharmacogenetics for precision medicine and exploring VMAT2 inhibition in broader therapeutic contexts could revolutionise treatment frameworks for neurological and psychiatric conditions."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Huntington's Disease • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Tourette Syndrome

Oromandibular Dystonia and Dysphagia in Hyperglycemic Brainstem Dysfunction. (PubMed, Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)) - "The symptoms resolved with insulin normalization and tetrabenazine treatment. Transient brainstem dysfunction due to hyperglycemia may present with oromandibular dystonia and dysphagia. FEES facilitates early detection of subtle yet clinically relevant complications."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Dystonia • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pain • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A proposed mechanism for amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization involving the vesicular monoamine transporter. (PubMed, Brain Res) - "Rats were pretreated with a VMAT blocker, tetrabenazine (TBZ), before 7 daily AMPH injections (Induction Phase). Significantly, TBZ pretreatment blocked the sensitization of both 1) AMPH- and 2) electrical stimulation-evoked turning. These behavioral results support the hypothesis that VMAT modulates AMPH-sensitization via a mechanism for redistributing intraneuronal DA pools."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Substance Abuse

Acute Hemichorea-Hemiballismus in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis: An Atypical Manifestation of Stroke. (PubMed, Neurol India) - "After shunt surgery and tetrabenazine treatment, she significantly improved and resumed daily activities. In conclusion, hemichorea-hemiballismus may paradoxically occur in tuberculosis meningitis patients, potentially linked to ischemic lesions in the thalamus and subthalamus."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Real-World Experiences with VMAT2 Inhibitors in Pediatric Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders. (PubMed, Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)) - "Of the 359 prescriptions for VMAT2 inhibitors, 94% included tetrabenazine, 4.6% deutetrabenazine, and 1.4% valbenazine. Our study suggests that VMAT2 inhibitors are effective for treating pediatric hyperkinetic movement disorders. Furthermore, this study provides insights into barriers to access to these drugs by pediatric patients."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Huntington's Disease • Movement Disorders • Pediatrics

postoperative choreoathetosis: anesthesiologic management of an unusual complication in cardiac anesthesia (Euroanaesthesia 2025) - "Anesthesia included midazolam, ketamine, remifentanil, cisatracurium, and low-dose propofol, maintained with sevoflurane...Tetrabenazine and clonazepam were initiated, and levetiracetam was added to prevent seizures...linked PPC to hypothermia and circulatory arrest but noted cases without these factors. This case highlights PPC in valve surgery without hypothermia or arrest, likely related to prolonged CPB, surgical complexity, and lactic acidosis."

Anesthesia • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease

Developing the Oxalate, Fumarate and Succinate Salts of Tetrabenazine: Solid-State Characterization and Solubility. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Furthermore, the physical stability of the salts was evaluated under extreme temperature and humidity conditions. From a pharmaceutical perspective, UV-VIS tests of the new salts dissolved in water revealed a significant improvement in their solubility, which could improve their bioavailability in therapeutic applications."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry