Duaklir (aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate) / Azurity Pharma - LARVOL DELTA

Effects of Single and Multiple Dose Tiotropium/Olodaterol in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Alveolar Gas Exchange Measured by Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI. (PubMed, J Magn Reson Imaging) - "Single-dose TIO/OLO increased 129Xe in RBC-Gas. Multiple-dose treatment increased M-Gas and further increased RBC-Gas compared to single-dose treatment."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Quality of life improvements with FF/UMEC/VI versus ICS/LABA usual care in patients with uncontrolled asthma: Secondary outcomes of PERFORM, a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (ERS 2026) - P4 | "Traditional randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown lung function and symptom improvements with ICS/LAMA/LABA versus ICS/LABA in moderate/severe asthma; however, evidence for QoL with triple versus dual therapy in routine practice is limited. Initiating FF/UMEC/VI improved patients' daily living, raising treatment expectations for early intervention in patients with symptomatic asthma and uncompromised lung function. Funding GSK (219912; NCT06372496)"

Clinical • HEOR • Asthma • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Predictive biomarkers for triple therapy response in COPD: a randomised controlled trial (ERS 2026) - "Aims and objectives Data on the clinical benefits of ICS/LAMA/LABA triple therapy (TT) in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD are limited...Patients were recruited from 44 hospitals in Japan and randomised (1:1) to receive either TT (FF/UMEC/VI) or dual therapy (DT: UMEC/VI) for 24 weeks...These findings highlight a potential pathway toward personalized therapy in COPD. Funding: GSK Supported Studies Programme (SCS #214161)."

Biomarker • Clinical • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases • CCL18 • CHI3L1 • POSTN

Clinical and functional implications of the alveolar volume to total lung capacity ratio (VA/TLC) in patients with COPD (ERS 2026) - "VA/TLC is associated with disease severity and multidimensional prognosis in COPD and improves after optimized inhaled therapy, supporting its role as a complementary functional marker for assessing ventilation inhomogeneity and treatment response."

Clinical • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Moderate-to-severe exacerbation risk among patients with COPD who had one recent exacerbation: a post-hoc analyses of the ETHOS and KRONOS studies (ERS 2026) - P3 | "Findings support the management of exacerbation risk with BGF vs LAMA/LABA or ICS/LABA in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD following a single exacerbation, per GOLD 2026."

Clinical • Retrospective data • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Comparative efficacy of once-daily LAMA/LABA combinations versus tiotropium on constant-work-rate cycle endurance in COPD: a randomized crossover pilot study (COMPETE) (ERS 2026) - "Four treatments were administered in a randomized order (28 days each, 7-day washout): tiotropium/olodaterol, umeclidinium/vilanterol, indacaterol/glycopyrronium, and tiotropium. We demonstrate that head-to-head CWRCE method can be a useful test for assessing the effect of individual medications and their combinations on exercise tolerance. The high interpatient variability highlights the potential for personalized bronchodilator selection based on CPET, justifying further study in larger cohorts."

Clinical • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Comparison of Inhaler Adherence in Patients with COPD Receiving Triple Therapy via Single or Multiple Inhaler Devices (ERS 2026) - "Background: In COPD, triple inhaler therapy (LAMA/LABA/ICS) can be delivered via a single inhaler or multiple devices... Single-inhaler triple therapy is associated with better adherence in COPD. Multiple inhaler use, higher symptom burden, exacerbations, insufficient inhaler education, and visual impairment negatively affect adherence. Simplifying inhaler regimens may improve adherence and clinical outcomes."

Adherence • Clinical • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Type 2–associated cytokines identify corticosteroid-responsive COPD - Insights from the HISTORIC study (ERS 2026) - "Serum samples from 188 COPD patients, enrolled in the HISTORIC randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, were analyzed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with either triple therapy (aclidinium / formoterol / budesonide) or dual therapy (aclidinium / formoterol / placebo)...Distinct cytokine profiles are associated with ICS responsiveness in COPD. Lower IL-17A and higher IL-13 levels identify patients with a Th2-skewed inflammatory profile who derive greater clinical benefit from ICS, supporting the role of circulating cytokines as biomarkers for personalized COPD treatment."

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases • CCL11 • IL10 • IL13 • IL17A • IL4 • IL5 • POSTN

Stability as a treatable target in COPD: 1 year real-world outcomes and predictors of instability (ERS 2026) - "Eighty GOLD E COPD patients (72.1±9.1 years; 77.5% men) with current or past smoking history and ≥2 moderate or ≥1 severe exacerbation in the prior year received LAMA/LABA/ICS for 12 months...Compared with stable patients, unstable patients had lower baseline FEV1 (55.3±17.9 vs 69.4±22.3%pred; p=0.003) and higher baseline mMRC (2.17±0.77 vs 1.21±1.05; p=0.03); age (p=0.78), sex (p=0.87), baseline CAT (p=0.19), baseline exacerbations (p=0.48) and smoking status (p=0.46) were not associated with stability. In the unstable group, exacerbations decreased (1.39±1.13 to 0.82±0.82/year) while FEV1 (55.3±17.9 to 52.6±16.6%pred), CAT (20.1±5.7 to 21.1±5.8) and mMRC (2.17±0.77 to 2.86±0.93) worsened at 12 months."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Demographic and clinical characteristics and management of patients with COPD and cardiovascular comorbidities: baseline real-world data from the HELICOPD study (ERS 2026) - "Regarding COPD management, 44.3% of patients received fixed-dose triple inhaled therapy (ICS/LAMA/LABA), 26.2% dual long-acting bronchodilation (LAMA/LABA), and 16.7% short-acting bronchodilators... In this large real-world cohort, COPD patients with CV comorbidities were elderly, highly symptomatic and multimorbid, requiring intensive pharmacological and supportive management. HELICOPD highlights the complexity of managing this high-risk group and the need for integrated, multidisciplinary care pathways to improve outcomes."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease • Dyslipidemia • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Respiratory Diseases

Can a smart inhaler predict exacerbations of COPD? A pilot study (ERS 2026) - "Objective To assess whether changes in inhalation parameters (peak inspiratory flow (PIF), inhalation duration, inhalation volume) measured by a smart-inhaler (RS01X) for COPD maintenance therapy (LAMA/LABA ± ICS) can predict AECOPD during the 14 days preceding an AECOPD, and whether these parameters return to baseline after an AECOPD ended...Its short-term predictive value remains insufficiently substantiated, warranting further research. Figure 1."

Clinical • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Effects of Triple Combination Inhaler Therapy on Pulmonary Outcomes Among People with Cystic Fibrosis with Asthma Subtype (NACFC 2026) - "[2] This study aims to evaluate the clinical impact and safety of triple combination inhaler therapy (ICS/LAMA/LABA) in people with CF with poorly controlled asthma... In CF patients with concomitant poorly controlled asthma, treatment with triple combination therapy was associated with modest improvements in lung functions and reduced exacerbation frequency and/or severity. Furthermore, patients reported improvement in their asthma symptoms. Additionally, triple combination therapy was well tolerated in this group with no increase in pulmonary exacerbations."

Asthma • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Smart Inhaler Parameters for Identifying Clinical Worsening in COPD, Leading Up to an Exacerbation: A Pilot Study. (PubMed, COPD) - "This single-centre observational pilot study included nine COPD patients using maintenance therapy (LAMA/LABA ± ICS) with the RS01XTM inhaler for six months...The heterogeneity of COPD and the explorative design of this study limit their current predictive utility within a 14-day window. Nevertheless, these findings suggest potential for future research, particularly when combined with clinical and contextual data to improve predictive accuracy."

Journal • Observational data • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Effect of ICS/LAMA/LABA versus LAMA/LABA Therapy on Cardiovascular Benefits in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis) - "Among COPD patients, ICS/LAMA/LABA was associated with a lower risk of MACEs than LAMA/LABA therapy, particularly among those with high baseline cardiovascular risk or established CVD. These results still need to be further verified in future prospective studies."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Inhaled Corticosteroid Escalation After a Single Moderate Exacerbation in COPD: Differential Benefit by Exacerbation Subtype. (PubMed, Respirology) - "In this large real-world COPD cohort, the benefit of ICS escalation after single moderate exacerbation varied by exacerbation treatment phenotype. Steroid-treated events were associated with a reduced subsequent exacerbation with ICS escalation, whereas antibiotic-treated events did not confer additional benefit from ICS, supporting a more precise approach to ICS escalation beyond exacerbation frequency alone."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Prevalence of anxiety and depression among in-patient and out-patient asthmatic patients in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between severe anxiety and the use of SABA (Adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 4.87, 95% CI: 2.86-8.32), inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist (ICS/LABA) combinations (aOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.65-9.20), long-acting muscarinic antagonists' medications (aOR = 6.02, 95% CI: 3.37-10.75), and triple therapy (ICS/LAMA/LABA) (aOR = 24.64, 95% CI: 6.80-89.24)...Results show that among asthmatic patients, anxiety and depression are highly prevalent, highlighting the need for integrated physical and mental health management. Certain therapies for asthma were significantly associated with higher anxiety levels, suggesting that psychological assessment should be incorporated into routine asthma care to improve patient outcomes and quality of life."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Asthma • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Diabetes • General Anxiety Disorder • Hypertension • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Carbon Emissions and Treatment Efficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Impact of Inhaled Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids. (PubMed, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis) - "Patients were categorized into four groups based on the inhaled therapy: long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) monotherapy, LAMA/long-acting β2-agonists (LABA), LABA/inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), and triple therapy (LAMA/LABA/ICS)...Although major clinical outcomes were generally comparable across groups, lower-emission regimens showed relatively more favorable CO2-adjusted outcomes in this cohort. These findings highlight the importance of balancing clinical effectiveness with environmental considerations while maintaining guideline-based, individualized COPD management according to disease severity and clinical needs."

Clinical • Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Effect of once-daily ICS/LAMA/LABA triple therapy versus ICS/LABA on respiratory symptoms (E-RS: Asthma): Analysis of the phase IIIA CAPTAIN trial. (PubMed, J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob) - "Addition of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist umeclidinium (UMEC) to the inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA) combination fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) improved lung function in adults with uncontrolled moderate to severe asthma in the CAPTAIN (Clinical study of Asthma Patients receiving Triple therapy through A single INhaler) study; however, the impact on symptoms requires further investigation...The CAPTAIN study was a phase IIIA, randomized, controlled, 24- to 52-week study of patients with uncontrolled moderate to severe asthma despite ICS/LABA receiving once-daily single-inhaler FF/VI (100/25 or 200/25 μg) or FF/UMEC/VI (100/31.25/25, 100/62.5/25, 200/31.25/25, or 200/62.5/25 μg)...Similar trends were observed irrespective of type 2 status. Patients with symptomatic asthma may benefit from optimized treatment interventions, such as adding a long-acting muscarinic antagonist to ICS/LABA."

Journal • P1/2 data • P3 data • Asthma • Immunology • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Real-Life Effectiveness of Aclidinium/Formoterol on COPD Control: The REDACT Observational Study. (PubMed, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis) - "Proportions of patients that achieved the minimally clinically important difference of +100 mL in FEV1 and -2 points in the CAT score were 50.4% and 90.5%, respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment with aclidinium/formoterol, a significant proportion of uncontrolled COPD patients achieved COPD control, with significant improvements in lung function and health status."

Journal • Observational data • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Comparative effectiveness of triple versus dual inhaled therapy (ICS/LABA or LABA/LAMA) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, BMC Pulm Med) - "Triple therapy was associated with improvements in some outcomes, particularly lung function, but did not show consistent statistically significant superiority over dual therapy across all endpoints in this network meta-analysis. Given the small number of included trials and limited power for some comparisons, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and should not be taken as evidence of equivalence. Dual regimens remained effective options, while triple therapy may still be beneficial in selected high-risk patients. Personalized treatment based on exacerbation history, eosinophil count, and pneumonia risk remains essential."

HEOR • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Appropriate Use of Single Inhaled Triple Therapy in Uncontrolled Asthma: A Multinational Modified Delphi Consensus. (PubMed, J Asthma Allergy) - "Most consensus statements aligned with prevalent guidelines. However, divergent opinions on the use of azithromycin, leukotriene modifiers or biologics highlight the need for evidence-informed treatment decisions."

Journal • Asthma • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Adherence to LAMA/LABA therapies in middle-aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A group-based trajectory analysis. (PubMed, Respir Investig) - "Middle-aged patients with COPD initiating LAMA/LABA therapy exhibited distinct adherence trajectories. Understanding these patterns may help inform more targeted approaches to support adherence and improve patient outcomes."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR STABLE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN THE CHINESE POPULATION: A BAYESIAN NETWORK META ANALYSIS (ISPOR 2026) - "Among the pharmacological treatments evaluated, LAMA/LABA/ICS was consistently associated with favorable outcomes across multiple clinical endpoints in patients with stable COPD in the Chinese population. TCM as add-on therapy also demonstrated beneficial effects in several outcomes. These findings highlight meaningful differences in treatment performance and may inform treatment selection in clinical practice."

HEOR • Retrospective data • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

The effect of inhaler prescription and comorbidities on the prognosis of COPD in never-smokers: A nationwide population-based study. (PubMed, Respir Med) - "Our data in the cohort of non-smoking COPD suggest that LAMA/LABA therapy was associated with better survival rate compared with ICS/LABA therapy. Moreover, comorbid heart failure, frequent hospitalizations, emergency room visits, older age, male sex, and lower BMI were also independently linked to higher risks of respiratory and all-cause mortality."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

A REAL-WORLD ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEX TREATMENT PATTERNS OF LONG-TERM COPD INHALERS (ISPOR 2026) - "Patients were first grouped into six maintenance therapy regimens based on GOLD 2025 treatment guidelines (LAMA, LABA, LAMA+LABA, ICS, LABA+ICS, triple therapy) using the earliest 90-day episode of use following diagnosis... We characterized treatment changes among COPD patients across six regimens and distinguished between lateral switches, step ups, and step downs. While most patients started on ICS+LABA SIT, nearly half discontinued their long-term regimens, and among those with treatment changes, transitions disproportionately favored triple therapy."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases