alprazolam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Benzodiazepine Co-Exposure Among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With a Confirmed Opioid Overdose. (PubMed, Acad Emerg Med) - "Nearly a third of patients with confirmed opioid overdose presenting to the ED also had concomitant benzodiazepine exposures. Those with novel benzodiazepines had significantly higher odds of intubation, suggesting greater severity of overdose."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Effect of a single dose of lorazepam on resting state functional connectivity in healthy adults. (PubMed, Brain Imaging Behav) - "Lorazepam is a fast-acting benzodiazepine that is widely used to manage anxiety symptoms through modulation of GABAergic activity. Reduced connectivity within higher-order cognitive networks partly supports what has been reported for other benzodiazepines such as midazolam and alprazolam. However, differences across benzodiazepines - possibly due to pharmacokinetics, dosage and receptor selectivity - underscore the need for further research."

Journal • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Prevalence and factors with potentially inappropriate prescribing among older outpatients with depression: a multicentre study across China. (PubMed, J Glob Health) - "The top five PIM were alprazolam, clonazepam, olanzapine, lorazepam, estazolam. Logistic regression demonstrated that tertiary-level hospital (odds ratio (OR) = 1.215; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.100, 1.342, P < 0.001), department of psychiatry (OR = 1.958; 95% CI = 1.855, 2.067, P < 0.001), age ≥80 (OR = 1.069; 95% CI = 1.016, 1.124, P = 0.01), more diseases (OR = 1.209; 95% CI = 1.092, 1.339, P < 0.001), polypharmacy (OR = 1.672; 95% CI = 1.541, 1.814, P < 0.001) exhibited positive links to PIP among older outpatients suffering from depression. This investigation revealed that the occurrence of PIP in older outpatients with depression is high in China."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Is Abrupt Withdrawal of Benzodiazepines a Risk Factor for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome? A Case Report With Single-Dose Haloperidol. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "His medical history included long-term use of clonazepam, alprazolam, and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT)...The treatments with bromocriptine and lorazepam further led to gradual improvement, and the patient was discharged after 11 days following the resolution of NMS symptoms...The shared mechanisms between the pathophysiology of NMS and benzodiazepine withdrawal suggest that the abrupt cessation of GABAergic agents may lower dopaminergic activity, contributing to the onset of NMS. Clinicians must be accordingly cautious in distinguishing benzodiazepine withdrawal from other causes of delirium and then option for appropriate treatment approaches to mitigate risks."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Trends in publicly and privately prescribed anxiolytics in Croatia: do we need a new regulatory framework. (PubMed, Int J Pharm Pract) - "Despite being either not recommended by clinical guidelines or of doubtful efficacy in many cases, prescribing of anxiolytics is common. There is a noticeable increase in anxiolytic drug use in Croatia during the investigated period, while the total financial expenditure has decreased due to price pressure on medications imposed by the national insurer. The high rate of private prescription of anxiolytics is observed. An enhanced national regulatory framework for prescribing anxiolytics in Croatia is needed."

Journal

Alprazolam induces anterograde amnesia for contextual fear memory and alters dorsoventral hippocampal neuronal ensembles in female mice. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "We found that 1) alprazolam treated male and female mice exhibit a decrease in memory retention after conventional CFC and, 2) alprazolam treated female and male mice show a decrease in memory retention in a state dependent CFC timeline with a saline injection prior to re-exposure, 3) alprazolam treated female mice exhibit increased EYFP + (encoding) activation in the dCA1 and enhanced engram activation in the dCA3, and 4) alprazolam treated females showed less c-Fos + activation in the vCA1. These results suggest that alprazolam induces sex-specific ensemble activation throughout the hippocampus and will help us understand the long-term memory deficits associated with BZD use."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • FOS

Simultaneous Determination of Buspirone, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Diazepam, and Lorazepam by LC-MS/MS: Evaluation of Greenness Using AGREE Tool. (PubMed, Biomed Chromatogr) - "Its suitability for therapeutic drug monitoring was demonstrated using the method to determine drug concentration levels in real patients. The developed method has been observed to achieve a high analytical greenness metric approach and software (AGREE) score for the greenness profile."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Ethanol-induced rapid eye movement sleep suppression in rats: Comparison with subtype-selective GABAA receptor compounds. (PubMed, J Psychopharmacol) - "Analysis of sleep-wake states after administration of ethanol or GABAAR compounds with varying subtype selectivity suggests that positive modulation of α1, 2, 3, and/or 5 subunit-containing GABAARs is sufficient to suppress REM sleep, and any or all may be involved in ethanol-induced REM sleep suppression. Also, our study suggests that α4/6 subunit-containing GABAARs may be involved in ethanol-induced increases in SWS. The lack of similarity between ethanol and the GABAAR compounds in the pharmaco-EEG analysis suggests that neurotransmitter systems besides the GABAergic system are likely involved in the effects of ethanol on EEG spectral power."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Sleep Disorder

Trends of potentially inappropriate prescribing among older outpatients in China between 2015-21. (PubMed, J Glob Health) - "We analysed the prevalence of PIP overall, as well as the prevalence of PIP caused by varying numbers of PIMs and high-risk PIMs (clopidogrel, estazolam, zolpidem, sliding-scale insulin, alprazolam) for the period between 2015-21. We observed an increasing trend in PIP associated with sedative-hypnotic medications. It demands heightened attention in subsequent use to ensure drug safety."

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Third-degree atrioventricular block induced by escitalopram and quetiapine in a patient with depression: a case report. (PubMed, Am J Transl Res) - "A 70-year-old woman with a history of depression was initially treated with milnacipran and alprazolam, but the regimen was altered due to insufficient therapeutic response. This case highlights the potential for escitalopram and quetiapine to induce serious cardiac conduction abnormalities, particularly in elderly patients. Regular ECG monitoring is essential when prescribing these agents to minimize the risk of malignant arrhythmia."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Mixed drug overdose involving clonazepam, alprazolam, and olanzapine in a 72-year-old male with Parkinson's disease: a case report. (PubMed, Front Neurosci) - "Despite initial challenges with gastric lavage, subsequent treatment involved supportive care, management of complications such as pneumonia, and renal replacement therapy, ultimately leading to recovery. This case highlights the complexities of managing overdoses, particularly those involving drugs with long half-lives, and highlights the challenges of treating elderly patients and the importance of supportive care in recovery."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Psychosomatic Disorders • Respiratory Diseases

Panic disorder causes an increase in choroid layer and a decrease in IPL, GCL, RNFL. (PubMed, Psychiatr Danub) - "This is the first study to examine the effect of PD treatment on SD-OCT parameters in patients diagnosed with PD. We suggest that acute exacerbation of PD is characterized by an increase in CT and a decrease in RNFL sub-sectors, GCL, and IPL. PD treatment causes an increase in RNFL sub-sectors."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders

Application and efficacy analysis of empowerment theory-based Pharmacological intervention in the rehabilitation of children with autism. (PubMed, Pak J Pharm Sci) - "The experimental group received additional individualized pharmacological interventions, including anti-anxiety drugs (e.g., alprazolam) and antipsychotic medications (e.g., risperidone), with dosages tailored to each child based on age, weight and symptom severity. This approach significantly improves core symptoms, particularly social communication and behavior management, supporting its integration into clinical practice. Further research is recommended to optimize individualized treatment protocols and evaluate long-term outcomes."

Clinical • Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Sex Differences in Adverse Events Reported With Concomitant Buprenorphine and Insomnia Medications Use (CPDD 2025) - "Secondary search terms included commonly prescribed medications for insomnia: “temazepam”, “triazolam”, “estazolam”, “lorazepam”, “clonazepam”, “alprazolam”, “ramelteon”, “doxepin”, “trazodone”, “mirtazapine”, “suvorexant”, “lemborexant”, “daridorexant”, “quetiapine”, “hydroxyzine”, “gabapentin”, “eszopiclone”, “zaleplon”, “zolpidem”, “zolpidem ER”. Contrary to previous research demonstrating that females are involved in more AE reports across pharmacovigilance databases (Brabete et al., 2022), and that females taking 1 buprenorphine had an increased likelihood of insomnia medications prescription receipt, compared to their male counterparts (Martin et al., 2023), we did not find sex differences in the number of AE reports. However, the data suggest that males taking concomitant buprenorphine and insomnia medications, specifically benzodiazepines and DORAs, may experience more serious AEs than females."

Adverse events • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder

Prescription Drug Use and Abuse Among Youth in Spain (CPDD 2025) - "The most common drugs used without prescription were lorazepam (41.9%), diazepam (40.5%) and alprazolam (24.3%). Prevalence of drugs use without prescription is high among Spanish youth, with benzodiazepines being the most common. Most youth resort to them to sleep better or reduce anxiety/stress and obtain them from their own parents and friends. 1"

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Tailored perioperative care in a young patient with functional paraganglioma after a severe hypertensive crisis (Euroanaesthesia 2025) - "Optimal hemodynamic control was achieved with maximum daily doses of phenoxybenzamine, carvedilol and amlodipine, with alprazolam...Hypertension during tumor manipulation was managed with esmolol, magnesium sulfate, and phentolamine...On postoperative day one, he was successfully weaned off vasopressors and later discharged without complications. This case highlights the challenges of managing functional and unpredictable PGs, where refractory hypertension limits standard pharmacological strategies. Success was achieved through multidisciplinary collaboration, procurement of cardiovascular drugs, and a patient-specific perioperative plan, demonstrating the critical role of anesthesiologists in high-risk cases and resulting in improved patient outcomes."

Clinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Endocrine Cancer • Hypertension • Hypotension • Neuroendocrine Tumor • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Human Health and Ecological Impacts of Pharmaceuticals and Metals Released by Municipal Wastewater in Tehran: A Life Cycle Impact Assessment. (PubMed, Environ Toxicol Chem) - "Acetaminophen (7.7 µg/L) and zinc (88.4 µg/L) had the highest concentrations in untreated wastewater, while citalopram (0.4 µg/L) and zinc (55.1 µg/L) dominated in treated wastewater. The lowest concentrations were for alprazolam, vanadium, and beryllium, ranging from 2 to 100 ng/L...Sertraline and cadmium posed the greatest risks to human health, while thioridazine and cadmium was found to be most detrimental to ecosystems. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved wastewater management and further research into high-risk micropollutants."

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Data integration with Fusion Searchlight: Classifying brain states from resting-state fMRI. (PubMed, Neuroimage) - "We demonstrate that combining these metrics enhances the accuracy of pharmacological treatment prediction from rs-fMRI data, enabling the identification of additional brain regions affected by sedation with alprazolam. Furthermore, we leverage explainable AI to delineate the differential contributions of each metric, which additionally improves spatial specificity of the searchlight analysis. Moreover, this framework can be adapted to combine information across imaging modalities or experimental conditions, providing a versatile and interpretable tool for data fusion in neuroimaging."

Journal • Anesthesia

Zhi-Zi-chi decoction: A promising remedy for liver inflammation via gut microbiota modulation. (PubMed, Fitoterapia) - "These findings suggest that ZZCD alleviates liver inflammation and damage through pleiotropic mechanisms by modulating the microbiota-gut-liver axis."

Journal • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure

Enhancing Non-Physician Psychiatric Care Providers' Performance Through Active Psychiatrists' Investment and Effective Supervision (APA 2025) - "Patients on dextroamphetamine/amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine were generally prescribed higher doses, with mean doses of 23 mg and 53.21 mg, respectively, compared to 10.45 mg and 25.26 mg for those on lower doses...In our cohort, 308 patients (13.31%) were prescribed benzodiazepines, specifically lorazepam (n=95, 4% of the total population), alprazolam (n=77, 3%), and clonazepam (n=136, 6%)... After a significant investment in time and capital, MWHC has successfully reduced the number and amount of controlled substances prescribed, while maintaining patient satisfaction. This strategy demonstrates that, with proper supervision and oversight, non-physician providers are fully capable of delivering care that meets evidence-based practice standards and adheres to best practices."

Psychiatry

A Case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, a Rare Differential for Memory Loss and Neurological Deficit (ATS 2025) - "Here, we present a patient diagnosed with sporadic CJD.Clinical Case Summary:A 61-year-old male presented to the ED for memory loss following three weeks of behavioral changes, a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and a three-day trial of escitalopram and alprazolam. Though CJD is uniformly fatal, broad differential for neurologic deficits, early diagnosis, and referral to palliative care can improve patient quality of life with early supportive treatment. When there is suspicion for CJD, broad workup of rapidly progressive dementia should always be performed to rule out reversible causes and expedite end-of-life care."

Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Epilepsy • Immunology • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Palliative care • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Burning Up - How Heat Stroke Can Spark GBS (ATS 2025) - "Case Presentation: A 50-year-old female with diabetes mellitus and bipolar disorder (managed with citalopram, high-dose quetiapine, alprazolam, and oxcarbazepine) presented with acute confusion and lethargy...A central line was placed, and sedation was maintained with midazolam... Guillain-Barré Syndrome secondary to heat stroke presents a unique diagnostic challenge. This case highlights the critical role of early diagnosis and intervention, as timely initiation of IVIG may improve prognosis. Further research into the pathophysiological link between heat stroke and GBS could better inform clinical management and enhance awareness of this rare association."

Anesthesia • Bipolar Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Myositis • Pain • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases

Contents and Time-Course of Falsified Alprazolam Detections in New South Wales, Australia. (PubMed, Drug Alcohol Rev) - "Our analysis highlights the variability in contents of falsified alprazolam tablets over time. This report highlights the potential value of surveillance systems involving analysis of police seizure data as part of a drug early warning system. Our results are of interest to the community who take falsified alprazolam tablets, and to health care workers managing cases of poisoning or dependence. This study highlights the need to continue developing the ability to detect, assess and respond to emerging falsified products, to facilitate clinical and public health responses."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

First evidence of an anxiety-like behavior and its pharmacological modulation in a molluscan model organism, Lymnaea stagnalis. (PubMed, Transl Psychiatry) - "Importantly, the anxiolytic drug alprazolam prevents these anxiety-like responses...This suggests that fundamental anxiety mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved across species. By using this simple invertebrate model, our research offers new insights into the biological basis of anxiety and sets the stage for future pharmacological studies."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Development of a method for determining xenobiotics in the form of dried blood spots on cotton material and Whatman® 903 cards. (PubMed, Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol) - "The aim of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative analysis procedure for four benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam) and one Z-drug (zolpidem), applied to cotton material and Whatman® 903 cards in the form of blood spots. The extraction method presented focused on isolating xenobiotics from blood spots of known volume. Sample extraction using a simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique creates opportunities for applying the described method to real samples secured on cotton material or stored on Whatman® 903 cards."

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