alprazolam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Effect of acupuncture Baihui acupoint-Yintang acupoint-Neiguan acupoint combined with conventional Western medicine treatment on cerebral blood flow in insomnia patients: a 3D-ASL functional magnetic resonance imaging study. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Based on the alprazolam treatment in the control group, the study group received acupuncture treatment...After 28 days of treatment, the PSQI score and HAMA score of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Acupuncture Baihui acupoint-Yintang acupoint-Neiguan acupoint combined with conventional Western medicine treatment can effectively improve the sleep quality and anxiety symptoms of insomnia patients, and fMRI visualizes the effect of acupuncture, provides guidance for acupuncture treatment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Non-targeted screening of alprazolam and flualprazolam metabolites in in vitro metabolism of different species by high-resolution mass spectrometry. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Notably, newly identified benzene-ring hydroxylated metabolites were more abundant in rats and livestock, and toxicity predictions indicated that these metabolites, including M1, M5, and M7, may pose higher ecotoxicological or developmental risks than the parent drugs, with greater predicted toxicity than the α-hydroxylated metabolites currently used as residue markers. These findings provide detailed insights into interspecies metabolic patterns, emphasize the need to consider species-specific metabolites in residue monitoring, and inform the toxicological assessment of benzodiazepines in food and environmental contexts."

Journal • Preclinical

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Nasal Spray on Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: An Interventional Study (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=164 | Recruiting | Sponsor: The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University

New trial • Orthopedics

Domestic Abuse of Codeine: A Case Study of Non-Medical Use Leading to Fatal Outcome. (PubMed, Toxics) - "Post-mortem LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of codeine (0.66 µg/mL), morphine (0.02 µg/mL), hydroxyzine (2.52 µg/mL), alprazolam (0.15 µg/mL), paracetamol (30.64 µg/mL), and additional substances in blood samples. Concentrations of codeine and hydroxyzine exceeded therapeutic ranges and were consistent with values reported in fatal intoxications, confirming a poly-drug poisoning. This case highlights the danger associated with non-medical codeine use, particularly when combined with central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and underscores the need for stricter regulation of OTC codeine-containing products as well as improved public awareness of the risks associated with domestic extraction methods."

Journal • Pain

Orthostatic tremor and its subtypes: a single centre cohort of 74 patients. (PubMed, J Neurol) - "We provide further insight into the clinical phenotypes of the OT subgroups and encourage future studies to validate these findings with larger sample sizes and establish reliable tools to measure OT severity to better assess disease progression and treatment response."

Journal • Retrospective data • Movement Disorders

Risk of miscarriage after benzodiazepine use during pregnancy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth) - "This updated meta-analysis indicates that early pregnancy exposure to benzodiazepines is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. The consistency across analyses and evidence of dose-response strengthen confidence in this association. Clinicians should carefully weigh risks and benefits, consider non-pharmacological alternatives, and ensure close monitoring when prescribing benzodiazepines to women of childbearing potential."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Medication use in Poland for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic - a retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study using national reimbursement data. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "The most substantial increases occurred for sedative and anxiolytic agents (hydroxyzine, diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam) and antipsychotics (olanzapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, chlorprothixene, haloperidol, levomepromazine), consistent with pandemic related stress, limited access to non-pharmacological care, and possible stockpiling. The COVID-19 pandemic induced broad but temporary increases in pediatric psychotropic drug dispensing, except for ADHD pharmacotherapies, which demonstrated a persistent upward trend. These findings suggest lasting shifts in diagnostic and therapeutic practices and underscore the need for continued monitoring of stimulant use and prescribing appropriateness in pediatric neurodevelopmental care."

Journal • Reimbursement • Retrospective data • US reimbursement • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Mental Retardation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Epidemiological Assessment of Benzodiazepine Dependence via Pharmacist-Led EMR Review in Pain and Palliative Care Institution. (PubMed, Pharmacy (Basel)) - "In this outpatient pain and palliative-care population, benzodiazepine-related dependence phenomena were common: 59.7% of patients met the criteria for dependence based on the pharmacist-led EMR review. The involvement of the pharmacist was essential, as this systematic evaluation would have been difficult to perform within routine medical consultations. The pharmacist's contribution enabled a detailed epidemiological characterization, revealing that the exposure duration-more than daily dose-was the principal, modifiable correlate of dependence, and that alprazolam was disproportionately represented in the higher-dependence categories. These findings underscore the value of pharmacist-supported surveillance to identify and measure BZD dependance."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Pain • Palliative care • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Update on Medical Treatments for Essential Tremor: An International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review. (PubMed, Mov Disord) - "Current evidence from RCTs with at least 1 month of follow-up is insufficient to confidently support the efficacy of available medical treatments for ET. There is a need for longer, higher-quality clinical trials to improve treatment recommendations and guide decision-making for clinicians and patients with ET."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Essential Tremor • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) alkaloids influence on cardiopulmonary measures and high-fat diet-induced weight gain in mice. (PubMed, Physiol Behav) - "Unlike a well-known respiratory depressant, alprazolam, KE and MTG did not reduce minute ventilation (MvB; ml/min)...After 4 days following kratom cessation, there was reduced distance traveled in the KE 150 mg/kg compared with the KE 50 mg/kg group in an elevated plus maze test. These findings demonstrate a dose-dependent-increase in weight gain with KE, suggesting further investigation is needed to delineate kratom alkaloid effects on metabolism and body weight control."

Journal • Preclinical • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

Prehospital rescue treatment of cluster epileptic seizures and status epilepticus. (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - "Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam, are first-line treatments for SE due to their rapid onset of action, which facilitates seizure control...Additionally, challenges such as the availability of medications, training of emergency medical personnel, and development of standardized protocols are discussed. Ultimately, ensuring timely, effective treatment before hospital arrival by prehospital benzodiazepines use may improve outcomes for patients experiencing cluster epileptic seizures and SE."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Hypotension • Psychiatry

MAP: Opioid/Benzodiazepine Polydrug Abuse: Aim 3 (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=24 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Wayne State University | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 ➔ Dec 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

Benzodiazepine (BZD) Use and Patient Safety: Opportunities for Community Pharmacy Involvement in the Management of Drug Interactions. (PubMed, Pharmacy (Basel)) - "The findings underscore the essential and proactive role of community pharmacists in identifying and managing drug interactions, as well as in supporting deprescribing strategies through collaborative and interprofessional care models."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders • Pain • Urinary Incontinence • Urology

Basic Science and Pathogenesis. (PubMed, Alzheimers Dement) - "These findings suggest that Neuropsychiatric symptoms impact cognitive decline through sex-specific pathways in the hippocampus and that benzodiazepines may not be beneficial when treating Alzheimer's disease patients. Menopause can also induce this earlier anxiety-like phenotype, but the brain may compensate for these hormonal changes. Future studies will examine the impact of chronic BZD use on aging and Alzheimer's disease."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Cholera • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in hypnotic reduction among patients with insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Sleep Med) - "dCBT-I represents an effective and adherence-friendly treatment model for reducing hypnotic medication use in patients with insomnia comorbid with anxiety and depressive symptoms."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Exploring the Link Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Use and Severe QT Prolongation: Impacts on Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death. (PubMed, Heart Rhythm) - "Specific psychotropics (high-risk antipsychotics and escitalopram) increase SQTP risk, particularly in vulnerable patients. SQTP is strongly associated with higher VA and SCD risks. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive risk assessment, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, and regular electrocardiographic monitoring in psychotropic drug users."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders

Interdisciplinary pharmaceutical care model engaging patient participation alleviate the anticholinergic burden in community-dwelling older adults: subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Ther Adv Drug Saf) - "Famotidine, tramadol, alprazolam, and celecoxib were the most commonly prescribed and discontinued S-type AC drugs. This community-based interdisciplinary pharmaceutical care model, which included patient participation, was effective in reducing the burden of S-type AC drugs among older adults in rural communities."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders • Xerostomia

Role of Alprazolam in Management of Post Endodontic Pain After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment. To Compare Mean Pain Score Between Two Group of Participants Undergoing Post Operative Pain Management After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment: NSAIDs Alone and a Combination of NSAIDs and Alprazolam. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=110 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute (AFPGMI), Rawalpindi

New trial • Pain

Psychiatric Medications Procurement at Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Tumkur: Insights from an Effectiveness Implementation Hybrid Randomized Controlled Trial on Mental Health Tele-mentoring of Primary Care Doctors (PCDs). (PubMed, Indian J Psychol Med) - "Within-group analysis over time showed a statistically significant increase in the proportion of PHCs procuring amitriptyline in both the OMHT arm (p = .01) and the TAU arm (p = .03). Additionally, in the OMHT arm, there was a significant increase over time in the proportion of PHCs procuring alprazolam (p = .03) and clonazepam (p = .02). In the between-group comparison of total quantities procured during the combined training and post-training phases, the OMHT arm demonstrated significantly higher procurement of escitalopram (p < .01) and risperidone (p < .01) compared to the TAU arm, indicating greater confidence in prescribing practices of key psychiatric medications among trained PCDs. Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2024/02/062906)."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

The Housing Instability Scale: Determining a Cutoff Score and Its Utility for Contextualizing Health Outcomes in People Who Use Drugs. (PubMed, Int J Environ Res Public Health) - "Overdose and wounds showed no significant association. SSP use, opioid use, and Xanax use were also identified as potential predictors."

HEOR • Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease

Anxiety and Surgery Satisfaction for Cataract Patient With Different State Anxiety (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=400 | Recruiting | Sponsor: National Taiwan University Hospital | N=30 ➔ 400 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2025 ➔ Sep 2026

Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Anesthesia • Cataract • Ophthalmology • Pain • Psychiatry

Attenuation of the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of positive GABAA modulators after Shisa7 knockdown in rats. (PubMed, J Pharmacol Exp Ther) - "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that Shisa7, an auxiliary protein associated with γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor, plays a crucial role in mediating the discriminative-stimulus effects of ethanol, alprazolam, and pentobarbital, as well as the reinforcing effects of ethanol. By demonstrating that Shisa7 knockdown attenuates the behavioral effects of these drugs, the findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor-mediated drug effects and potentially identify Shisa7 as a key modulatory mechanism through which these drugs produce their effects."

Journal • Preclinical

Alprazolam Bidirectionally Modulates Defensive Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner (Neuroscience 2025) - "Together, these data show that alprazolam shapes fear scaling in a sex- and dose-dependent manner: females are more sensitive to low-dose alprazolam, displaying enhanced freezing and reduced flight, accompanied by selective modification of prefrontal-limbic circuits. These findings identify circuit-level correlates of benzodiazepine effects on defensive behavior and have implications for sex-informed treatment of fear disorders."

Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • FOS

Evaluating a Potential Link Between Alprazolam and Intracranial Aneurysm: A Pharmacovigilance and Bioinformatics Approach Through FAERS and Molecular Docking (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "The study provides preliminary evidence of a possible association betweenalprazolam and intracranial aneurysm, supported by both signal detection andin silico modeling. Further genetic and epidemiologic investigations areessential to validate these findings and assess their clinical relevance,particularly in high-risk patient populations and long-term users."

Adverse events • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology

Clinical and etiological characteristics of catatonic disorder due to another medical condition: A retrospective study from a tertiary care center. (PubMed, Clin Neurol Neurosurg) - "Catatonic disorder due to another medical condition appears to present with diverse underlying causes and clinical manifestations. Although benzodiazepines are generally considered the first-line treatment, additional interventions were often needed. These findings underline the importance of clinical awareness and timely management, while further research is required to better understand prognostic factors and to guide treatment strategies."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Immunology