alprazolam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Interdisciplinary pharmaceutical care model engaging patient participation alleviate the anticholinergic burden in community-dwelling older adults: subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Ther Adv Drug Saf) - "Famotidine, tramadol, alprazolam, and celecoxib were the most commonly prescribed and discontinued S-type AC drugs. This community-based interdisciplinary pharmaceutical care model, which included patient participation, was effective in reducing the burden of S-type AC drugs among older adults in rural communities."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders • Xerostomia

Role of Alprazolam in Management of Post Endodontic Pain After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment. To Compare Mean Pain Score Between Two Group of Participants Undergoing Post Operative Pain Management After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment: NSAIDs Alone and a Combination of NSAIDs and Alprazolam. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=110 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute (AFPGMI), Rawalpindi

New trial • Pain

Psychiatric Medications Procurement at Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Tumkur: Insights from an Effectiveness Implementation Hybrid Randomized Controlled Trial on Mental Health Tele-mentoring of Primary Care Doctors (PCDs). (PubMed, Indian J Psychol Med) - "Within-group analysis over time showed a statistically significant increase in the proportion of PHCs procuring amitriptyline in both the OMHT arm (p = .01) and the TAU arm (p = .03). Additionally, in the OMHT arm, there was a significant increase over time in the proportion of PHCs procuring alprazolam (p = .03) and clonazepam (p = .02). In the between-group comparison of total quantities procured during the combined training and post-training phases, the OMHT arm demonstrated significantly higher procurement of escitalopram (p < .01) and risperidone (p < .01) compared to the TAU arm, indicating greater confidence in prescribing practices of key psychiatric medications among trained PCDs. Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2024/02/062906)."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

The Housing Instability Scale: Determining a Cutoff Score and Its Utility for Contextualizing Health Outcomes in People Who Use Drugs. (PubMed, Int J Environ Res Public Health) - "Overdose and wounds showed no significant association. SSP use, opioid use, and Xanax use were also identified as potential predictors."

HEOR • Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease

Anxiety and Surgery Satisfaction for Cataract Patient With Different State Anxiety (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=400 | Recruiting | Sponsor: National Taiwan University Hospital | N=30 ➔ 400 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2025 ➔ Sep 2026

Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Anesthesia • Cataract • Ophthalmology • Pain • Psychiatry

Attenuation of the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of positive GABAA modulators after Shisa7 knockdown in rats. (PubMed, J Pharmacol Exp Ther) - "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that Shisa7, an auxiliary protein associated with γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor, plays a crucial role in mediating the discriminative-stimulus effects of ethanol, alprazolam, and pentobarbital, as well as the reinforcing effects of ethanol. By demonstrating that Shisa7 knockdown attenuates the behavioral effects of these drugs, the findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor-mediated drug effects and potentially identify Shisa7 as a key modulatory mechanism through which these drugs produce their effects."

Journal • Preclinical

Alprazolam Bidirectionally Modulates Defensive Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner (Neuroscience 2025) - "Together, these data show that alprazolam shapes fear scaling in a sex- and dose-dependent manner: females are more sensitive to low-dose alprazolam, displaying enhanced freezing and reduced flight, accompanied by selective modification of prefrontal-limbic circuits. These findings identify circuit-level correlates of benzodiazepine effects on defensive behavior and have implications for sex-informed treatment of fear disorders."

Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • FOS

Evaluating a Potential Link Between Alprazolam and Intracranial Aneurysm: A Pharmacovigilance and Bioinformatics Approach Through FAERS and Molecular Docking (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "The study provides preliminary evidence of a possible association betweenalprazolam and intracranial aneurysm, supported by both signal detection andin silico modeling. Further genetic and epidemiologic investigations areessential to validate these findings and assess their clinical relevance,particularly in high-risk patient populations and long-term users."

Adverse events • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology

Clinical and etiological characteristics of catatonic disorder due to another medical condition: A retrospective study from a tertiary care center. (PubMed, Clin Neurol Neurosurg) - "Catatonic disorder due to another medical condition appears to present with diverse underlying causes and clinical manifestations. Although benzodiazepines are generally considered the first-line treatment, additional interventions were often needed. These findings underline the importance of clinical awareness and timely management, while further research is required to better understand prognostic factors and to guide treatment strategies."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Immunology

Stability of 22 Sedative-Type Drugs and Metabolites in Human Urine under Variable pH, Temperature, and Freeze-Thaw Conditions. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "While compounds such as midazolam, clobazam, and zolpidem remained highly stable, others-including alprazolam, triazolam, and lorazepam-exhibited notable degradation, particularly under acidic pH and elevated temperature. Flunitrazepam and clonazepam showed distinct degradation with the formation of 7-amino metabolites at neutral pH...These findings highlight the importance of compound-specific preservation strategies. In scenarios where analyte identity or sample pH cannot be verified promptly, immediate refrigeration or freezing (ideally at -20 °C), along with minimizing freeze-thaw cycles, is strongly recommended to preserve sample integrity and ensure reliable toxicological interpretation."

Journal

Strangulation during the night: diagnosis of sleep-associated violence. (PubMed, BMC Psychiatry) - No abstract available

Journal • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

The Nausea Atlas: Identifying and Characterizing Nausea Subtypes Using Patient-Reported Information (ACG 2025) - "Ondansetron was the most effective anti-nausea medication, followed by promethazine, lorazepam, prochlorperazine, and domperidone. Marijuana was the most effective non-medication treatment, outperforming dronabinol... 745 participants (77% Female; 19% Male), reporting 1200 distinct nausea types/experiences were evaluated. The most represented age range was 31–40 years. 22% of respondents reported their nausea as severely or completely debilitating."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Semaglutide-Induced FATAL Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Complicated by ARDS and Septic Shock (ACG 2025) - "Medications included lisinopril, risedronate, rosuvastatin, alprazolam, and semaglutide, started 1–2 weeks earlier, with the last dose 2 days before presentation...Hemodialysis was initiated for acute renal failure, and ventricular tachycardia was managed with amiodarone and cardioversion...After family discussions, a DNR/DNI order was established, and she succumbed to septic shock and ARDS, likely triggered by semaglutide-induced pancreatitis. This case highlights the rare but severe risk of semaglutide-associated necrotizing pancreatitis, particularly in patients with pre-existing pancreatic pathology. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing GLP-1 receptor agonists to such patients and monitor closely for early pancreatitis symptoms to prevent catastrophic outcomes.Figure: Acute pancreatitis with proximal pancreatic hypoenhancement, indicating necrosis, without peripancreatic fluid collections.Figure: Coronal view showing Acute pancreatitis with proximal..."

Acute Kidney Injury • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Osteoporosis • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatitis • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Septic Shock • Ventricular Tachycardia

Peripheral immune cell-specific genes in Parkinson's disease uncovered by multi-omics with therapeutic implications. (PubMed, NPJ Parkinsons Dis) - "Drug repurposing analysis identified several candidate compounds, including felodipine, amodiaquine, alprazolam, and tetrandrine, some of which are predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier. Molecular docking simulations further supported strong binding interactions between these compounds and PD-associated targets such as CTSB and ARSA. This integrative approach highlights key immune-cell-specific genes involved in PD and proposes several repurposable drugs with central nervous system potential, paving the way for more targeted therapeutic strategies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • CD4 • CD8 • FDFT1 • HLA-DQA1

Acupuncture for perimenopausal insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "However, it did not outperform alprazolam (MD = -2.30, p = 0.27) or diazepam (MD = -6.55, p < 0.00001). However, these findings require further validation through large-scale, multicenter, double-blind RCTs using standardized protocols. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, Identifier (CRD42018092917)."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder

A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA IN THE ICU: SEROTONIN SYNDROME OR BENZODIAZEPINE WITHDRAWAL? (CHEST 2025) - "Toxicology was consulted, who felt her presentation possibly consistent with anticholinergic toxicity, but given her hyperreflexia, the known serotonergic component of fentanyl and baclofen plus lack of knowledge about other co-ingestions, serotonin syndrome was suspected. She met Hunter's criteria for the diagnosis and was started on as-needed IV lorazepam her symptoms...Her mental status returned to baseline, and additional history revealed ingestion of as much as 8 to 10mg daily of alprazolam over several months... Serotonin syndrome is a syndrome of agitation, hyperthermia, and hyperreflexia in the setting of serotonergic ingestion and the Hunter Criteria are sensitive and specific for the diagnosis. The features of serotonin syndrome overlap significantly with alcohol and benzodiazepine withdrawal and withdrawal syndromes should be considered when incompatible clinical features emerge or serotonin syndrome is not resolving appropriately."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

SEVERE BRADYCARDIA AND HEMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO FLUVOXAMINE-TIZANIDINE INTERACTION: A CASE OF RECURRENT SYNCOPE (CHEST 2025) - "CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a a 32-year-old female with chronic psychiatric disorders on Fluvoxamine, Lamictal, and Alprazolam who was transferred to our hospital due to syncopal episodes, fatigue, dizziness, and vision changes that had been occurring periodically over the last month...She was eventually discharged in her normal state of health with levothyroxine and discontinuation of Tizanidine and Fluvoxamine... The patient's chronic psychiatric medications, particularly Fluvoxamine, in combination with tizanidine likely resulted in her recurrent syncope and hemodynamic instability. The identification of subclinical hypothyroidism as a possible contributor complicates the picture, but its role in profound bradycardia is less certain. This case underscores the importance of careful medication reconciliation with particular care given to drug interactions that may have serious cardiovascular effects."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Fatigue • Heart Failure • Infectious Disease • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Xerostomia • CYP1A2

A Case Study: Using Virtual Reality to Treat Anxiety and Claustrophobia During Radiation Therapy Simulation—Enhancing Emotional Well-Being and Preventing Unnecessary Interventions (JADPRO 2025) - "Previous failed treatments: lack of benefit/adverse drug events — clonazepam, diazepam, alprazolam, escitalopram, fluoxetine, duloxetine...In collaboration with Anesthesia Pain Service, Radiation Oncology, and Psychiatry, a multimodal plan was implemented: Use of VR in combination with quetiapine (25mg the night prior, 50mg 1 hour prior) and lorazepam (2mg 15 mins prior) during CT simulation as a distraction modality to treat anxiety/claustrophobia...Recommended Populations: Adult and pediatric patients Recommended Settings: Dental care, burn care, surgical care, oncologic care, port access, trauma, labor pain, lumbar puncture, episiotomy repair, dressing changes, spinal cord injury, and chronic pain. Recommended VR Applications: Distraction, skill-building, mindfulness, meditation, relaxation, breath training, guided imagery, exercise, rehabilitation, exposure therapy, and patient and provider/staff education, focus shifting."

Case study • Clinical • Anesthesia • Breast Cancer • Depression • Epilepsy • Fatigue • General Anxiety Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Migraine • Mood Disorders • Ocular Infections • Ophthalmology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor • Vertigo

Drug use pattern of suspected drug-influenced drivers in Hungary (2019-2023). (PubMed, Forensic Sci Int) - "To evaluate clinical tests, the prevalence of positive and negative clinical findings was compared for amphetamine/methamphetamine, THC, MDMA, alprazolam, and clonazepam above and below their fixed concentration limits. Given that sNPS was detected in 24.1 % of drivers, the medical investigation system requires a major revision. The aim of this study was to investigate the illicit and licit drug consumption of suspected impaired drivers in Hungary and to present the disadvantages of the system currently used for diagnosing and proving impairment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Psychotropic and neurodegenerative drugs modulate platelet activity via the PAF pathway. (PubMed, Neurochem Int) - "Results revealed that most of the compounds assessed inhibited more effectively the PAF-induced aggregation of platelets compared to their effect on the ADP-pathway, with perphenazine showing the greatest anti-PAF potency. Several drug combinations, notably those including alprazolam and diclofenac, demonstrated significant synergistic effects. These findings suggest that commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs and medications for neurodegenerative disorders can influence platelet activity, mostly through the PAF-pathway, and that their interactions with NSAIDs may amplify their efficacy. Nevertheless, some drugs and their combinations induced lysis of platelets at much higher concentrations than their IC50 values, which stems safety concerns for their use."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Episodic Generalized Dystonia with Opisthotonus Posturing in Early Stages of Anoxic Brain Injury with Mild Degrees of Caudate Involvement (MDS Congress 2025) - " We present a 27-year-old woman with heroin and alprazolam use disorder who suffered a non-shockable cardiac arrest (10-minute downtime)...Despite sedation, antiepileptics, gabapentin, and opioids, she developed spontaneous clonic movements and dystonic posturing with opisthotonus by day 6, showing limited response to treatment...Hydromorphone and diazepam provided partial relief, while benztropine and amantadine were ineffective... This case suggests that posterior limb involvement, along with mild caudate and hippocampal changes, may contribute to generalized dystonic posturing after anoxic injury. The episodic nature of opisthotonus was unique and did not follow expected responses to sedatives or antiepileptics. This case highlights the complexity of post-anoxic movement disorders and the need for further research into their mechanisms and management."

CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Vascular Neurology

A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome following antipsychotic use in unrecognised catatonia: recognising Catatonia prior to antipsychotic exposure (ECNP 2025) - "He was treated at the emergency service with daily intramuscular haloperidol 5 mg and biperiden 5 mg for six consecutive days...Although lorazepam is the first-line agent for catatonia, it was unavailable; thus, alprazolam 0.5 mg three times daily was initiated. Adjunctive treatments included bromocriptine (4x1/2) and amantadine sulphate (100 mg once daily), which was later increased to twice daily...Quetiapine 100 mg/day was introduced, and alprazolam was increased to 1 mg four times daily...Given the persistence of psychotic symptoms and the elevated risk of recurrence with other antipsychotics, clozapine was selected as the safest option in this context [4]...In catatonic patients, benzodiazepines and/or ECT should be prioritised, and antipsychotics must be used with extreme caution only after clinical improvement has been achieved [2,4]. The literature highlights the diagnostic overlap between catatonia and NMS and emphasises that failure to identify catatonia may..."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • CRP

Navigating the interaction: benzodiazepine use during virtual reality exposure therapy and its impact on fear extinction learning in anxiety disorders (ECNP 2025) - "One notable randomized trial in acrophobia utilizing traditional VR exposure found that while alprazolam reduced intra-sessional distress compared to D-cycloserine and placebo, it led to weaker long-term retention of extinction learning... The available evidencestrongly suggests that concomitant benzodiazepine use can interfere with the consolidation of extinction learning, a core mechanism of VRET. This poses a significant concern, as the short-term anxiolytic benefit of benzodiazepines during VRET may interfere with attenuated long-term therapeutic efficacy. The identified methodological limitations, for example the lack of VRET-specific trials, the inconsistent medication reporting, highlight the need for further research."

CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis presenting with catatonia: A case report (ECNP 2025) - "IVIG therapy is ongoing, and symptomatic management with alprazolam and biperiden is being concurrently administered...This may not only fail to improve symptoms but also worsen the clinical picture, as illustrated in our patient who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome after haloperidol. While benzodiazepines remain the first-line symptomatic treatment for catatonia, treating the underlying pathology is essential in cases secondary to medical conditions [5]. Our patient exhibited minimal response to a lorazepam challenge test but showed a significant clinical improvement following IVIG therapy, underscoring the need for immunomodulatory treatment in anti-NMDAR encephalitis."

Case report • Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Epilepsy • Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Psychomotor Agitation

From discontinuation to dysfunction: a rat model of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome induced by alprazolam (ECNP 2025) - "Abstract will be available on 3 October."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders