betahistine intranasal (AM-201) / Altamira Therap - LARVOL DELTA

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Biocontrol Mechanism of Endophytic Bacterium AM201, Rhodococcus sp., against Root Rot Disease of Atractylodes macrocephala. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "based on its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rDNA sequencing results. The findings of this study could enable to prevent and control root rot disease in AMK and could offer theoretical guidance for the agricultural production of other medicinal herbs."

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Effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists in male rats discriminating the synthetic cannabinoid AM2201. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "The synthetic forms of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), dronabinol or nabilone, have been approved to treat several indications...After establishing AM2201's discriminative-stimulus effects, pretreatment tests with the CB antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant blocked AM2201's effects, whereas the peripherally-restricted antagonist AM6545 had no effect. Next, the generalization profiles of AM411 and AM4089 with CB full agonists (JWH-018, CP-55,940, AM8936), partial agonist (Δ-THC), and non-cannabinoids (fentanyl, atropine) were compared...All CB drugs were more potent than Δ-THC and correlation analysis confirmed that the relative behavioral potencies of CBs corresponded strongly with their relative affinities at the CB but not CB receptors. Together, our results further demonstrate that AM411 and AM4089 exhibit better pharmacological profiles compared to Δ-THC, in that they are more potent and display in vivo partial agonist-like actions that are centrally..."

Journal • Preclinical

Oral fluid analysis to monitor recent exposure to synthetic cannabinoids in a high-risk subpopulation. (PubMed, J Forensic Sci) - "Results proved the presence of synthetic cannabinoids at a positivity rate of almost 20%, with detection frequency HU211(5/13) > UR144/JWH122 (3/13) > JWH019/JWH081/AM2201 (1/13). The identified SCRA proved the persistence into the market of the "first-generation" JWH family into the Italian territory and the marketing of relatively new ones (AM-2201). Public health consequences represented by NPS consumption are still scarce; therefore, further studies are needed to understand the real diffusion in the population."

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Effects of Cannabinoid Agonists and Antagonists in Rats Discriminating Fentanyl. (PubMed, FASEB J) - "Results show that the µ-opioid agonists (fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone) substituted fully for fentanyl, whereas the muscarinic antagonist atropine did not substitute for fentanyl. The CB1 agonists Δ9-THC, AM2201, and AM8936 all partially substituted for fentanyl's discriminative-stimulus effects suggesting some overlap in the discriminative-stimulus effects of cannabinoid agonists and fentanyl. Pretreatment studies with a µ-opioid receptor antagonist show that naltrexone antagonized fentanyl's effects...Our findings are consistent with our recent work showing that AM4113 attenuates heroin self-administration in rats, without producing depressive-like effects. Collectively, these data suggests that CB1 neutral antagonists that block CB1 receptors with rimonabant-like potency, devoid of unwanted side-effects, may be therapeutically advantageous for countering the abuse-related behavioral effects of opioids."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Positive allosteric modulation of the 5-HT receptor by indole-based synthetic cannabinoids abused by humans. (PubMed, ACS Chem Neurosci) - "To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of AM2201 on 5-HTR agonist-activated G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel currents in neurons in vitro, and on the hypothermic response to 5-HTR stimulation in mice lacking the cannabinoid receptor 1. We found that both 5-HTR effects were potentiated by AM2201, suggesting that PAM activity at 5-HTR may represent a novel non-cannabinoid receptor mechanism underlying the complex profile of effects for certain SCs."

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