idebenone / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Caused by the Rare MT-ND1 m.3394T>C Mutation: A Case With Favorable Visual Prognosis and a Literature Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was subsequently treated with idebenone and followed for six years. Following initiation of idebenone therapy, the patient demonstrated gradual and sustained improvement in best-corrected visual acuity, reaching 1.0 in both eyes...It underscores the importance of considering hereditary optic neuropathy in patients with painless visual loss and poor response to corticosteroids. Further studies are needed to clarify genotype-phenotype correlations and treatment responsiveness in rare LHON-associated mutations."

Journal • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis

Lenadogene Nolparvovec Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in the Real-life Setting (AAN 2026) - "Most (84.1%) patients were treated with idebenone at or after LNGT injection. Injection of LNGT in the real-life setting was associated with a clinically meaningful improvement in visual acuity from nadir and a favorable safety profile."

Clinical • Gene therapy • Gene Therapies • Inflammation • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain

Treatment Effect of Idebenone in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Using an Alternate Threshold of Clinically Relevant Visual Acuity Change (AAN 2026) - P4 | "Using the stricter FDA-recommended threshold for clinically relevant VA change to re-assess the LEROS data, idebenone treatment still improved outcomes in many cases. However, treatment effect varied by disease phase and mtDNA mutation."

Clinical • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain

Efficacy of Lenadogene Nolparvovec Gene Therapy Versus Idebenone: A Matched Adjusted Indirect Comparison (AAN 2026) - "The two MAICs demonstrated a clinically meaningful higher visual recovery at 24 months with LNGT than with idebenone in ND4 patients."

Clinical • Gene therapy • Gene Therapies • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis

Long-term Safety of Idebenone in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy With Alcohol or Tobacco Use/Abuse or Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Results From the PAROS Study (AAN 2026) - P=N/A | "Long-term idebenone treatment was well-tolerated overall and in the Alc/Tob and VitB12 subpopulations, with no unexpected safety findings observed in a real-world clinical setting. Results were consistent with the known safety profile of idebenone."

Clinical • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain • Tobacco Addiction

Folic acid mitigation of alcohol-induced sarcopenia via gut-muscle axis modulation. (PubMed, Metabolism) - "FA significantly attenuated alcoholic sarcopenia by modulating the gut-muscle axis. Specifically, FA corrected the dysregulation of the alcohol-Hcy axis, and enhanced mitochondrial function. Additionally, FA rebalanced to the intestinal microbiota-metabolite network and inhibited MSTN-mediated excessive protein degradation, collectively restoring muscle protein homeostasis."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Inflammation • Sarcopenia • Targeted Protein Degradation • Transplantation

Neuroprotective effects of idebenone in a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease via regulating autophagy, mitigating apoptosis and oxidative stress. (PubMed, Neuroscience) - "Idebenone (IDE), an analog of ubiquinone, has demonstrated therapeutic potential across various neurodegenerative disorders. Importantly, intervention with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) reversed IDE-mediated improvement of motor deficits, indicating that autophagy activation is a key mechanism. Collectively, IDE exerts neuroprotection in MPTP-induced PD zebrafish by activating autophagy, alongside anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions, providing experimental evidence for its therapeutic potential in PD."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • AKT1 • AKT2 • ATG5 • ATG7 • BECN1 • PI3K

Efficacy and Safety of Idebenone Combined With Escitalopram in Post-stroke Depression: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=216 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University; Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University

New P4 trial • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Idebenone protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. (PubMed, Exp Gerontol) - "In the HF animal model, idebenone administration improved left ventricular ejection fraction, restored redox homeostasis and reduced cardiac iron deposition. These findings establish idebenone as a promising strategy to mitigate ferroptosis-driven myocardial injury, providing a translational framework for developing idebenone-based therapies for heart failure management."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders

Research Progress on Idebenone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. (PubMed, Aging Med (Milton)) - "The accumulated evidence strongly supports IDE as a promising mitochondrial-targeted agent capable of mitigating disease symptoms and modifying disease progression in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights both the current achievements and future directions for IDE-based interventions in ND treatment."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Ataxia • CNS Disorders • Friedreich ataxia • Huntington's Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Initial presentation with elevated transaminases and subsequent hematuria in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "LGMD2B initially presents with atypical clinical manifestations. In some cases, elevated transaminase levels can be the first manifestation of the disease; therefore, any unexplained elevated transaminase levels should prompt evaluation of underlying muscle diseases. A 13-year follow-up of a female patient demonstrated progressive muscle atrophy, emphasizing the importance of considering muscle diseases in patients with unexplained elevated serum transaminase levels. Subsequent dark brown urine and hematuria were likely caused by increased myoglobin levels and dysferlin deficiency in podocytes, which may be associated with minimal change nephropathy."

Journal • Hepatology • Immunology • Muscular Atrophy • Muscular Dystrophy • Myositis • Nephrology • Renal Disease • MB

Use of nootropics in Alzheimer's disease: An analysis of regulatory positions and drug policies in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. (PubMed, Int J Risk Saf Med) - "We compared the results of Russia with other countries regulatory and policy positions.ResultsE-Library searches identified 11 nootropicspiracetam, citicoline, idebenone, vinpocetine, choline alfoscerate, Cerebrolysin®, Kortexin®, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, glycine, nicergoline, nimodipine. Eight nootropic have registration for use in all CIS countries (excluding idebenone, nimodipine), four (piracetam, nimodipine, nicergoline, idebenone) - in UK, nimodipine - in the USA, and idebenone - in EU...None is included on the WHO Model EML and the National EML of Kyrgyzstan, Only CPG of the RF recommend using two nootropics as adjuvant therapy of Alzheimer's disease, Cerebrolysin® and choline alfoscerate. CPG of the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the USA do not mention nootropics as potential treatment options for Alzheimer's disease."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia

A mitochondria-targeted idebenone derivative W1a mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial integrity and suppressing neuroinflammation. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "To overcome these challenges, we synthesized W1a, a novel IDE derivative conjugated to the mitochondria-targeting peptide SS-20, designed to enhance mitochondrial localization and pharmacodynamic activity. Moreover, W1a inhibited microglial and astrocytic activation, further supporting its anti-inflammatory efficacy. Collectively, our findings establish W1a as a potent neuroprotective agent that targets mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation drivers of CIRI pathology, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders • Reperfusion Injury

Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles incorporating green coffee extract: enhancing treatment for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis through metabolomic insights. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "The encapsulation efficiency (55%) and release kinetics of GCE-PLNs were optimized for sustained bioavailability over 24 h. Metabolomic and chemoinformatic analyses identified 1942 metabolites, including GCE-derived bioactive compounds with structural similarities to therapeutic agents like mesalamine, idebenone, and cysteamine, highlighting potential antifibrotic and hepatoprotective effects. In vitro assays, using HepG2 cells, demonstrated that GCE-PLNs modulate the expression of steatosis- and fibrosis-related genes, such as PLIN1, CPT1A, ACTA2, and COL1A1, in HepG2 and HHSC-N cellular models, suggesting reduced lipid accumulation and fibrotic activity. These findings suggest that GCE-PLNs may represent a promising nanotechnological strategy for the treatment of MASLD."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • ACTA2 • COL1A1 • CPT1A

Advanced therapies for inherited optic neuropathies. (PubMed, Eye (Lond)) - "Clinical trials for LHON have demonstrated the efficacy of idebenone, an oral neuroprotective agent, and gene replacement therapy using allotopic gene expression...In this review, we have critically appraised a range of therapeutic strategies, including gene editing and stem cell-based optic nerve regeneration, with a discussion of the barriers to translation. Future studies focussing on understanding genetic heterogeneity, disease variability and optimising patient selection for clinical trials are essential to improve patient management and fast track transformative therapies for IONs."

Journal • Review • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis

A Clinical Study of the Efficacy of Idebenone in the Treatment of iRBD Into Synucleinopathies (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=28 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Ruijin Hospital | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=142 ➔ 28

Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

IT TAKES TWO TO TANGO: potential novel therapies for autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (PubMed, Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne)) - "In this paper, we review the current and future investigational therapies for ADOA, including the use of intravitreal injections of antisense oligonucleotides through Targeted Augmentation of Nuclear Gene Output (TANGO), CRISPR-based therapy, genetic editing, gene replacement approaches, and idebenone, a small-molecule mitochondrial modulator...Increased awareness of therapeutics for ADOA will allow for patient counseling regarding treatment access via clinical trials and for underscoring the importance of genetically testing family members, who may be incidentally identified with ADOA in a timely manner for newly available therapies. While patients with ADOA typically have poor visual prognoses, there are increasing promising therapies with the potential for preserving and improving visual function."

Journal • Review • Gene Therapies • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain

Three-dimensional multiscale and multimodal X‑ray neuroimaging: an advanced technique to quantify potential neuroprotective strategies for retinal ganglion cell degeneration in an experimental mouse model of glaucoma (Neuroscience 2025) - "Here we used this technique, along immunohistochemistry, to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of JNJ16259685, a negative allosteric modulator of mGlu1 metabotropic glutamate receptors, and of Idebenone, a synthetic analogue of coenzyme Q10 with antioxidant activity, in the DBA/2J mice, a genetic experimental model of glaucoma associated with neurodegeneration...These data are also used to quantitatively characterize the retina layers and the effects of drug treatments at different time points. Results will be presented."

Metastases • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

Idebenone alleviates rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. (PubMed, Cell Signal) - "Remarkably, treatment with idebenone reversed these effects, and pharmacological inhibition of PGC1A abolished the protective effects of idebenone on mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Our findings suggest that idebenone ameliorates rotenone-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage in C2C12 cells, supporting its potential therapeutic role in the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Muscular Atrophy • PINK1 • PPARGC1A • SQSTM1

Efficacy and safety of idebenone tablets in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a real-world study. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "However, the observational, single-arm design without a control group means that observed improvements cannot be definitively attributed to the intervention alone. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • Cognitive Disorders • Hypertension • Ischemic stroke

Two journeys, one diagnosis: exploring the clinical outcomes of twins with congenital myopathy. (PubMed, BMC Neurol) - "Clinical exome sequencing confirmed the RYR1 mutation, and an antioxidant supplement, idebenone, was introduced. Despite sharing the same variant, the twins presented discordant clinical phenotypes with varying degrees of muscle impairment and other complications. This case highlights the critical role of epigenetic in modulating disease expression, suggesting personalized therapeutic strategies are paramount even in siblings sharing the same homozygous variant."

Clinical data • Journal • CNS Disorders • Myositis • RYR1

Neuroprotective effects of idebenone combined with borneol via the dopamine signaling pathway in a transgenic zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease (PubMed, Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi) - "The combination showed a better therapeutic effect compared to the IDE monotherapy group. This study reveals the protective mechanism of IDE combined with BO on the central nervous system for the first time, which provides an important experimental basis and theoretical reference for clinical combination strategy in PD treatment."

Journal • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

REPURPOSING MITOCHONDRIA PROTECTIVE TARGETS FOR ADJUVANT THERAPY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (UEGW 2025) - "Aims & Cellular toxicity of the drugs Acipimox, AICAR, ALCAR, Bezafibrate, Epi-743, Idebenone, Metformin, SS-31 and TUDCA was assessed in the intestinal epithelial cell line Mode-K and murine wild-type (WT) small intestinal (SI) organoids. Selected drugs targeting mitochondrial functions restored seeding efficiency, differentiation, and stemness of intestinal organoids from inflamed tissue sections of TNFΔARE mice, TNFΔARE pigs, and CD patients. These findings clearly support the potential of metabolic drug repurposing for adjuvant IBD therapy and indicate putative risks for Metformin."

Clinical • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Metabolic Disorders • IL10

OPA1 MUTATION PRESENTING AS ETHAMBUTOL-INDUCED OPTIC NEUROPATHY (WCN 2025) - "Patient was continued on idebenone 900 mg/day... Although the cause of EtON is uncertain, it has long been hypothesized that mitochondria play a vital role in its etiology. Genetic evaluation before starting ethambutol may identify some of the at-risk individuals (not currently feasible). In the presence of atypical features among patients with suspected EtON, underlying mitochondrial etiology should be evaluated for and prompt treatment should be initiated."

CNS Disorders • Pain

Genetic and Physical Study of Childhood Nerve and Muscle Disorders (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=9300 | Recruiting | Sponsor: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) | N=5650 ➔ 9300

Enrollment change • Genetic Disorders • Muscular Dystrophy • Myositis