acetylcysteine solution / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

N-Acetylcysteine as Therapy for Transplantation- Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=44 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

New P2/3 trial • Hematological Disorders • Transplantation

A fluorescent probe for concurrent detection of cysteine, homocysteine, and superoxide anion. (PubMed, Sci Adv) - "In pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced models of epilepsy and liver injury, BPC revealed notable alterations in Cys, Hcy, and O2•- levels, providing mechanistic insights into redox dysregulation. Moreover, BPC successfully tracked redox restoration following N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. These findings establish BPC as a versatile tool for redox biology and highlight its promise for diagnostic and therapeutic applications."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hepatology • Liver Failure

MSC affect the sensitivity of CML cells to TKIs through mitochondrial transfered via tunneling nanotubes (ASH 2025) - "Compared to normal cells, CML cells have higher ROS levels, and treatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) increased CML cell resistance...Therefore, we propose that during CML treatment, MSCs modulate CML cell metabolism and restore TKI sensitivity by transferring mitochondria via TNTs. Our study reveals the critical role of BMM cells in supporting CML cells through TNTs, suggesting that targeting this interaction could improve therapeutic outcomes for CML."

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia

Adaptive rebalancing of ROS composition averts LSD1 inhibitor–induced oxidative stress in AML (ASH 2025) - "Importantly, ATRA's efficacy enhances significantly when combined with arsenictrioxide (ATO), which elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of reactive oxygen-containingmolecules including superoxide anions that collectively contribute to oxidative stress.To examine the role of ROS during LSD1 inhibition, we treated primary patient-derived AML samples andcell lines with LSD1i (GSK-LSD1) and monitored ROS dynamics using selective intracellular biosensors andROS type-specific fluorescent probes...Notably, scavenging ROSwith N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly impairs differentiation, indicating that ROS plays a critical role inmediating the pro-differentiation effects of LSD1i. To validate that LSD1 regulates ROS, we developed amurine leukemogenic model by transducing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) fromLsd1fl/fl conditional knockout mice with the MLL-AF9 oncogene and tamoxifen-inducible Crerecombinase...Rather than decreasing overall ROS..."

Oxidative stress • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • CYBB • KDM1A • MPO

KMT2A::AF6 fusion protein localizes to PML nuclear bodies and undergoes ATO-induced degradation: A potential novel therapeutic approach for KMT2A::AF6-rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia (ASH 2025) - "Given that PML and its client proteins undergo proteasomal degradation upon arsenic trioxide(ATO) treatment via SUMO-dependent ubiquitination, we tested whether KMT2A::AF6 protein follows asimilar fate...Blocking the proteasomewith MG132 prevented this degradation, confirming that KMT2A::AF6, as well as PML, is degraded via theSUMO–ubiquitin–proteasome axis...This effect was partially reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting a ROS-dependent mechanism, described to be the very first step by which ATO drives PML proteasomal-mediated degradation. Moreover, ATO treatment induced myeloid differentiation both in vitro and in exvivo patient-derived cells (PDXs), supporting a transcriptional change at support of a targeted KMT2A:.AF6fusion protein degradation mechanism.In vivo, ATO monotherapy (8 mg/kg) moderately delayed disease progression in KMT2A::AF6 PDX models,while its combination with low-dose cytarabine (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced leukemic burden andprolonged..."

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Targeted Protein Degradation • HOXA10 • HOXA11 • HOXA9 • KMT2A • RARA

N-acetylcysteine Restores Impaired Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis in a Neonatal Maternal Separation Rat Model. (PubMed, Exp Neurobiol) - "Notably, NAC rescued diminished neurogenesis in EAAC1 knockout mice, demonstrating its efficacy under both stress-induced and transporter-deficient redox imbalance. These findings identify NAC as a potent modulator of hippocampal neuroplasticity, acting through the restoration of redox and inflammatory homeostasis, and support its potential as an early therapeutic strategy to mitigate long-lasting neurodevelopmental consequences of ELS."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation

Differential Effects on Acetaminophen-induced Nephrotoxicity and Liver Injury Following Modulation of Glutathione Resynthesis. (PubMed, Food Chem Toxicol) - "N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents APAP-induced liver damage, but not AKI, highlighting the need to address differential inter-organ responses to APAP toxicity...In contrast, NAC protected against APAP hepatotoxicity but not AKI. Thus, these findings demonstrate critical organ-specific responses to APAP toxicity and underscore the need for targeted therapeutic strategies specifically addressing APAP-induced kidney injury."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease • KIM1

The management and clinical outcome of paracetamol poisoning in South African adults: A single-centre retrospective review. (PubMed, S Afr Med J) - "A high case fatality rate was observed in the studied population. Early identification of at-risk individuals and prompt initiation of NAC can reduce poor outcomes. Larger multicentre studies are needed to identify independent predictors of paracetamol-induced hepatoxicity and mortality in Africa."

Clinical data • Journal • Retrospective data • Acute Kidney Injury • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease

The Mitigating Effect and Mechanism of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Against Zoledronic Acid-Induced Growth Suppression of Human Gingival Fibroblasts. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Zoledronic acid (ZA), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is widely used to treat osteoporosis and bone metastases. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) similarly reduced ZA-induced ROS and p-TBK1 levels and improved cell growth, although it had limited effects on p-PKB at 8 h. Importantly, delayed PDRN treatment following ZA exposure reversed ZA-induced cell growth inhibition and TBK1 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In summary, these findings demonstrate that ZA suppresses HGF-1 cell growth through ROS production, TBK1 activation, and inhibition of PKB and STAT-3, whereas PDRN counteracts these effects primarily by suppressing TBK1 activation and oxidative stress."

Journal • Oncology • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor • STAT3

Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Properties of Different Novel Steroid-Derived Nitrones and Oximes on Cerebral Ischemia In Vitro. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "To advance neuroprotective strategies that could improve the safety and efficacy of existing treatments while preserving brain tissue, we synthesized and evaluated seven new nitrones (MC3, MC5, MC7) and oximes (MC1, MC2, MC4, MC6) derived from different neuroactive steroids-ethisterone (MC1-3), mifepristone (MC4-5) and stanolone (MC6-7)-in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. Overall, these derivatives exhibited neuroprotective and antioxidant effects superior to those of the reference compounds cholesteronitrone ChN2, α-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)...Among them, the stanolone-derived nitrone MC7, which lacks conjugated double bonds, displayed the most balanced and robust profile, consistently enhancing cell viability, reducing necrotic cell death, and suppressing superoxide anion production. Consequently, MC7 has been selected as a promising lead compound for further in vivo studies of cerebral ischemia."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Management of acute liver failure-an updated literature review. (PubMed, World J Crit Care Med) - "Early identification of etiology allows targeted treatments, such as N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity or antivirals for hepatitis...Emerging therapies, including stem cell treatments and immunomodulatory agents, show potential to revolutionize care. This review emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and continued research to improve outcomes and refine therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Hematological Disorders • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Transplantation

Amino alkyl-alkyl/aryl sulphides (DRDE-07 and analogues) as promising cytoprotectants for sulphur and nitrogen mustards - A review. (PubMed, Toxicol Rep) - "These compounds showed better protection compared to other experimented molecules, such as amifostine, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, sodium thiosulphate, and flavonoids...Among them, DRDE-30 showed the best protection for SM and nitrogen mustards, as well as against radiation, and also as a cytoprotectant for anticancer agents. In this review, all the published papers on the DRDE series of compounds are compiled and discussed, with the aim that if any one of these molecules is recommended as an oral prophylactic drug, further development would occur for a more effective, broad-spectrum cytoprotectant."

Journal • Review • Oncology

Reactive oxygen species elevations in human immune cell subsets during sepsis are mitigated by norepinephrine and N-acetylcysteine. (PubMed, World J Crit Care Med) - "ROS levels are elevated in specific PBMC subsets in sepsis, particularly CD3+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes. NE and NAC reduced ROS accumulation in vitro, supporting their potential role as redox modulators. These findings warrant further mechanistic investigation into immune redox regulation in sepsis."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock • CD14

Prepuberty Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induces Cardiac Inflammation Through Calcium Overload-Mediated ROS/JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Cascade. (PubMed, Free Radic Biol Med) - "Treatment of HL-1 cells with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) normalized the activity of the JAK1/STAT3 pathway and the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, either inhibition of JAK1 with upadacitinib or knockdown of STAT3 in PS-NP-exposed HL-1 cells led to proinflammatory cytokine levels comparable to those in control cells...Notably, pharmacological inhibition of calcium flux attenuated PS-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings indicate that prepubertal PS-NP exposure triggers cardiac inflammation, which is likely mediated by MAM-dependent mitochondrial calcium overload and subsequent activation of the ROS/JAK1/STAT3 signaling axis."

Journal • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • HSPA9 • IL17A • IL6 • JAK1 • TNFA • VDAC1

Redox Imbalance in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: The Clinical Significance of Aminothiols. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Therapeutic interventions, such as N-acetylcysteine and folate supplementation, show potential to modulate aminothiol levels and reduce oxidative stress. Despite these insights, gaps in longitudinal data and assay standardization limit clinical adoption. Future research should focus on standardized protocols, large-scale studies, and metabolomics to integrate aminothiols into personalized medicine, enhancing risk stratification and therapeutic strategies for improved CABG outcomes. Overall, this narrative review synthesizes available data on aminothiols and oxidative stress in CABG, with the objective of identifying knowledge gaps and potential pathways for translational and clinical application."

Journal • Review • Acute Kidney Injury • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Inflammation • Nephrology • Reperfusion Injury

Threo-2,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methoxypropanol (THMP) Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation via Oxidative Stress-dependent Apoptosis and DNA Damage. (PubMed, Planta Med) - "This study evaluates the antiproliferative effects and mechanism of THMP against bladder cancer cells (BFTC905 and T24) regarding ATP content and flow cytometry assays in parallel with the presence and absence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor...These mechanisms were alleviated by NAC. Overall, THMP is the first report demonstrating the antiproliferative effect against bladder cancer cells and clarifying its oxidative stress-dependent mechanisms."

Journal • Bladder Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ANXA5 • CASP8 • CASP9

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: A Novel Target for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension and Its Related Diseases. (PubMed, J Cell Mol Med) - "Pharmacological targeting of ERS demonstrates therapeutic promise: chemical chaperones 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) stabilise proteostasis, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit apoptosis; antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin attenuate ERS-oxidative stress crosstalk. Future research must prioritise isoform-selective ERS modulator development, validation in human trials, biomarker discovery, and elucidating ERS roles in therapy-induced hypertension. Targeting ERS represents a transformative mechanotherapeutic paradigm for precision hypertension management."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • ATF6 • XBP1

Berberine Suppresses Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphal Growth via Mitochondrial Fragmentation-Induced ROS Elevation and Hog1-MAPK Activation. (PubMed, ACS Infect Dis) - "ROS scavenging (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment) abolished BER's antifungal effects, confirming the ROS-Hog1-cell cycle axis...Thus, we demonstrate that berberine suppresses A. fumigatus growth by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics, elevating reactive ROS, and activating the Hog1-MAPK signaling cascade, ultimately inducing cell cycle arrest. Our findings unveil a previously unrecognized mechanism linking mitochondrial morphology dysregulation to cell cycle control in fungi and establish BER as a promising therapeutic agent targeting mitochondrial-ROS-Hog1 signaling in A. fumigatus infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Paraquat Poisoning: A Case of Daisley-Barton Syndrome and Hepatorenal Failure. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "Intensive supportive management (corticosteroids, antibiotics, N-acetylcysteine, and hemodialysis) was initiated, but the patient rapidly deteriorated, ultimately requiring mechanical ventilation; unfortunately, she succumbed to multi-organ failure in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) within an hour of admission. This case report illustrates the novelty of paraquat poisoning and its characteristic clinical presentation (hepatorenal involvement), with atypical Daisley-Barton syndrome in Pakistan. Increased awareness and timely, precise management are crucial for preventing fatal complications, especially in resource-limited regions, and for mitigating serious case consequences."

Journal • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Chronic Kidney Disease • Critical care • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

The Role of Aminothiols as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Interventional trials suggest that antioxidant therapies such as N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, and vitamin C may favorably modulate aminothiol metabolism, although findings remain inconsistent. Despite small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and lack of standardized cut-offs, aminothiols offer mechanistic and prognostic insights. Their integration into multi-biomarker panels, supported by metabolomics and redox proteomics, could enhance perioperative risk stratification and guide personalized redox-modulating strategies in CABG. By synthesizing mechanistic and clinical data, this review highlights the potential of aminothiols for perioperative risk stratification and redox-modulating interventions."

Biomarker • Clinical data • Journal • Review • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Cognitive Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Reperfusion Injury

ROS-Mediated Senescence and Autophagy Inhibition Drive 5-FU/Aumolertinib Synergy in Colorectal Cancer. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) serves as a first-line CRC therapeutic, its clinical utility is constrained by dose-dependent toxicity...Notably, ROS scavenging with N-acetylcysteine reversed these effects. The synergistic tumor growth inhibition was confirmed in HCT116 xenografts using low-dose combination therapy (5-FU 15 mg/kg + AUM 10 mg/kg). Collectively, these findings establish an ROS-dependent autophagic senescence axis as the molecular basis for 5-FU/AUM synergy, offering a novel strategic approach for CRC treatment."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Depletion of myeloid cells in AG129 mice reduces the infection-mediated oxidative stress and restrains dengue virus-induced thymic atrophy. (PubMed, Cell Commun Signal) - "Thus, our study confirms that thymic atrophy does not depend on viremia level but on the interaction between immune cells and the virus, highlighting the contribution of infiltrating myeloid cells and, thus, ROS in DV-2-associated thymic atrophy."

Journal • Preclinical • Dengue Fever • Infectious Disease • CD4 • CD8

Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) Induces Cervical Injury and Promotes Malignant Transformation of Cervical Epithelial Cells. (PubMed, Food Chem Toxicol) - "Short-term DBP exposure (mice: 10-50 mg/kg/day; HcerEpic cells: 100-400 μM) induced cervical injury/oxidative stress, suppressed NRF2, and activated MAPK/NF-κB; N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation mitigated damages. Long-term exposure to environmentally relevant DBP concentrations (10-7 M) promoted HcerEpic cell malignant transformation (e.g., enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition) via activation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 and MAPK pathways, with in vivo tumorigenicity validated in nude mice. In conclusion, our findings not only elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DBP-induced cervical injury and malignant transformation, but also provide theoretical evidence for evaluating the health risks of phthalates (PAEs) and guiding prevention strategies for environmental pollutant-related female reproductive malignancies."

Journal • Cervical Cancer • Gynecologic Cancers • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CASP3 • ER • MAPK8 • SMAD2 • TGFB1

Ditrioxzin synergizes with 2-deoxy-d-glucose to induce redox-dependent metabolic crisis in gastric cancer through dual targeting of peroxiredoxin 3 and glycolysis. (PubMed, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol) - "Combined DTO/2-DG treatment promoted ATP depletion and apoptosis (69.6 % vs 24.1 % DTO alone) via ROS-dependent pathways, an effect abrogated by N-acetylcysteine. In vivo, DTO (10 mg/kg) and 2-DG (500 mg/kg) synergistically suppressed tumor growth (66 %, P < 0.001) in xenograft models without body weight loss or histopathological changes in kidney/heart. Our findings establish DTO as a novel Prx3-targeted agent that synergizes with 2-DG to induce metabolic crisis, providing a high-safety-profile therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer."

Journal • Gastric Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Progress in Anti-ageing Drug Research for Age-related Diseases: A Review. (PubMed, Ageing Res Rev) - "This review explores the anti-ageing potential of nine repurposed drugs: aspirin, atorvastatin, enalapril, metformin, canagliflozin, liraglutide, acarbose, N-acetylcysteine and dasatinib (commonly combined with quercetin). Specifically, it focuses on their mechanisms through the mechanistic target of rapamycin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B and senescence-associated secretory phenotype pathways...This review synthesises progress and obstacles in transitioning drug development from targeting individual age-related diseases to addressing ageing as a unified biological process. Ultimately, the goal is to support a paradigm shift where ageing is recognised as a modifiable condition, enabling longer healthy human lifespans."

Journal • Review • Inflammation • mTOR