acetylcysteine solution / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Treatment of Recurrent Facial Ulcerations from Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome with Vagal Nerve Stimulation (AAD 2026) - "Management included naltrexone 50 mg daily, sertraline 25 mg, gabapentin 300 mg, N-acetylcysteine 1000 mg, and biweekly human skin allografts. This represents the first reported case of successful VNS treatment for refractory TTS, potentially mediated through reduced glutamate in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. VNS may act as a valuable adjunctive therapy for resistant cases."

Cardiovascular • Keratitis • Ocular Inflammation

Neuropathic Pain Medications and Their Impact on Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors in Patients with Cervical Spine Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Analysis (AAD 2026) - "Although response to N-acetylcysteine (11%) was poor, pregabalin (100%), gabapentin (67%), HRT (67%), SNRIs (60%), and amitriptyline (50%) observed greater positive response rates. In addition to highlighting C-spine diseases as notable comorbidities for BFRBs, this study suggests that combining neuropathic medications with behavioral therapy may offer an optimal treatment strategy for these patients. By emphasizing early detection and management of C-spine pathology, this approach provides a comprehensive framework, addressing potential anatomical contributors and improving overall therapeutic outcomes."

Clinical • Behavior Disorders • Mental Retardation • Neuralgia • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Pain • Pruritus

Neurodegeneration, Oxidative Stress, NGF/TrkA/P75NTR, and PGE2 Dysregulation Induced by PFOS Single and Repeated Treatment: Partial Protection by T3 and Other Therapeutic Approaches. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Cells were exposed to PFOS across a concentration range (0.1-40 μM) in combination with various pharmacological agents: triiodothyronine (T3; 15 nM), recombinant NGF (20 μM), MF-63 (1 μM), and N-acetylcysteine (1 mM)...These neurotoxic effects appear to be partially mitigated through T3 treatment, among other mechanisms. These findings provide valuable mechanistic insights into PFOS-induced BFCN neurodegeneration and the consequent cognitive decline while simultaneously suggesting potential therapeutic strategies to counteract these detrimental effects."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • NGFR

Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Cisplatin in Retinoblastoma: Evidence from 2D and 3D Tumor Models. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "The ROS dependency of cytotoxicity was further examined using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment. RA synergistically enhances cisplatin-induced anticancer effects in RB through oxidative stress, engagement of intrinsic (mitochondria-associated) apoptotic signaling, and reduction of tumor cell-derived inflammatory and angiogenic mediators. These findings highlight the potential of RA and Cis combination as a chemosensitizing strategy for RB therapy, warranting further in vivo evaluation."

Journal • Preclinical • Eye Cancer • Oncology • Retinal Disorders • Retinoblastoma • Solid Tumor • ANXA5 • CASP3 • CASP9 • RB1

Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Endow Melanoma Cells with Stem-like Traits via PGC-1α-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "In particular, these changes were accompanied by the transition towards a stem-like phenotype, characterized by enhanced spherogenic ability and ABCG2 upregulation; interestingly, this led to a reduced in vitro response to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Mechanistically, an increase in PGC-1α expression was found, resulting in higher mitochondrial mass and activity, ATP synthesis, and ROS overproduction; of note, treatment of melanoma cells with SR-18292 and XCT790, two inactivators of mitochondrial biogenesis, and N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, successfully counteracted the above EV-related effects, suggesting that mitochondrial function could be targeted to suppress the vesicular interactions between adipose tissue and melanoma. Taken together, these results highlight the crucial role played by EVs in melanoma stroma, pointing out the ability of adipocyte-derived vesicles to sustain cancer aggressiveness via PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming."

Journal • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ABCG2 • CDH2 • VIM

Decreased Plasma Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Novel Determinant of Mortality? (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Then, we analyzed whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can increase H2S and GSH concentrations in different cell lines...Furthermore, NAC increased the cellular production of H2S (p < 0.01) and GSH (p < 0.01). These findings indicate the important prognostic role of H2S in COVID-19 patients at hospital admission and that NAC might be helpful in all clinical situations characterized by low levels of H2S."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Oxidative Stress Signaling and Regenerative Responses in a Larval Zebrafish Model of Retinal Light Damage. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Functional attenuation of oxidative stress using the N-acetylcysteine reduced phototoxic injury-induced apoptosis and proliferation, while inflammatory markers remained largely unaffected...Together, these findings support a role for oxidative stress as a key component of early injury-associated signaling in larval retinal regeneration. This study integrates histological, transcriptomic, and pharmacological analyses to interrogate early regenerative programs and provides a comprehensive transcriptomic resource for exploring redox-associated mechanisms in retinal injury and repair."

Journal

Sterol Endoperoxides and Their Antileishmanial Effects: Influence on Viability, Oxygen Metabolism and Sterol Synthesis. (PubMed, Molecules) - "However, this did not trigger the antileishmanial effect, as neither N-acetylcysteine nor pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone altered activity...Both endoperoxides significantly inhibited synthesis of 5-dehydroepisterol, the major sterol in Leishmania tarentolae, suggesting targeting of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Their limited toxicity to mammalian macrophages makes ergosterol and dehydrocholesterol endoperoxides promising candidates for future antileishmanial drug development."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Steatosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Liver Disease. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, NAC has been successfully used to treat chronic liver injuries, including hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Therefore, ursodeoxycholic acid, pirfenidone, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and N-acetylcysteine could represent therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver pathologies."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Heart Failure • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Influenza • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Oncology • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome • Primary Biliary Cholangitis • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • NLRC5

Effect of Serping1 siRNA Injection on Dopaminergic Cell Reduction in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "In the pSer129-α-syn level of the SN region; Serping1 siRNA had a greater positive effect on PD than N-acetylcysteine by inhibiting pSer129-α-syn formation. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were decreased by Serping1 siRNA treatment; thereby indicating its effect on inflammation. Our findings suggest that Serping1 siRNA may represent a potential therapeutic approach for PD; warranting further investigation."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Targeting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Conventional antioxidant strategies, such as α-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10 and N-acetylcysteine, show reproducible benefits on neuropathic symptoms and oxidative stress markers, but evidence for sustained structural or disease-modifying effects remains limited...Overall, oxidative stress emerges as a key mechanistic hub in diabetic neuropathy. Future progress will depend on mechanism-aligned, neuropathy-specific clinical trials incorporating multidimensional endpoints and validated biomarkers."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Neuropathy • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Pain

Systemic Oxidative Stress and Oxidized Albumin Mediate the Pathogenic Kidney-to-Gut Crosstalk by Disrupting Intestinal Barrier Integrity. (PubMed, Biomolecules) - "Mechanistically, these changes were linked to systemic oxidative stress and were largely prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine...Our findings establish oxidative stress and oxidized serum albumin as key pathogenic factors mediating the detrimental interaction between remote organs and the gut. These data suggest that targeting oxidative modifications offers a promising therapeutic strategy to disrupt this pathological loop in critical illness."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Reperfusion Injury

N-Acetylcysteine Reduces Tissue Injury Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in an Organotypic Culture of Mouse Cerebral Cortex Slices. (PubMed, Children (Basel)) - "This work highlights the direct effect of NAC in protecting cerebral cortex cells from OGD-induced damage and identifies the concentrations and time window that maximize the drug's effect. The results underscore the need for further studies to verify the in vivo efficacy of NAC at concentrations found to be active in vitro, and for clinical trials to evaluate whether NAC can reduce hypoxia-induced brain damage in newborns."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology

IMPACT: Individualized Multiplex Pathophysiological Treatment of Severe Acute Infections: N-Acetylcysteine (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=360 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Theis S. Itenov | Trial completion date: Feb 2028 ➔ May 2028 | Initiation date: Feb 2026 ➔ Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2027 ➔ Dec 2027

Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Septic Shock

Effects of NAC on Symptoms of CHR Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=90 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2024 ➔ Nov 2026

Biomarker • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Paraquat Dichloride Induced Cytotoxicity in Primary Hepatocytes via an Antioxidative and Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathway. (PubMed, J Appl Toxicol) - "Notably, coincubation with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated ROS generation, apoptosis, and hepatocyte damage, underscoring the role of oxidative stress in PQ-induced hepatotoxicity. These findings provide mechanistic insights into PQ-induced cytotoxicity, demonstrating that ROS overproduction and mitochondrial impairment are the primary drivers of hepatocyte injury. Given the extensive use of PQ and its potential environmental and human health risks, these findings are critical for understanding its toxicological impact and exploring antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies to mitigate liver damage."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • CASP9

Clinical impact of fomepizole as an adjunct therapy in high-risk acetaminophen overdose. (PubMed, Am J Emerg Med) - "Fomepizole as an adjunct to N-acetylcysteine in patients with high-risk acetaminophen overdose did not improve clinical outcomes. Although no adverse effects to fomepizole were reported, routine use in this setting remains unsupported by this study."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Critical care • Hepatology • Liver Failure

Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates oxidative stress-driven endothelial impairment and atherogenesis induced by sodium perfluorononenoxybenzene sulfonate exposure. (PubMed, Environ Res) - "Pharmacological inhibition with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant), 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, an ERS inhibitor), and BAY 11-7082 (an inhibitor for NF-κB signaling pathway) revealed a sequential pathogenic cascade, in which oxidative stress acts upstream to initiate ERS and compromise endothelial barrier function, leading to NF-κB activation, which drives inflammatory responses, monocyte adhesion, and impaired endothelial migration. Consistent with these findings, in vivo experiments in ApoE-/- mice showed that OBS exposure caused endothelial impairment, collagen deposition, and oxidative stress in aortic tissues, accompanied by upregulating the expression of ERS and inflammation-related markers. These findings suggest that ERS serves as a key mediator linking oxidative stress to inflammation in OBS-induced endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the potential cardiovascular hazards of OBS as an emerging PFOS alternative."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • APOE • ATF4

Nutritional supplements: current evidence for retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease. (PubMed, Curr Opin Ophthalmol) - "Most nutritional supplements studied to date have not demonstrated durable or clinically meaningful benefit in IRDs. Vitamin A supplementation in retinitis pigmentosa is no longer supported by current evidence, while NAC remains a promising metabolic therapy under investigation. High-quality, genotype-informed clinical trials with clinically relevant endpoints are needed before nutritional interventions can be incorporated into IRD management guidelines."

Journal • Review • Genetic Disorders • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Retinitis Pigmentosa

TRANSPLANTATION-ASSOCIATED THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY: INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT IN SETTINGS WITH LIMITED BIOMARKERS AND NO ACCESS TO TARGETED THERAPIES (EBMT 2026) - "Conditioning regimens were TBI or Busulfan iv-based. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted on cyclosporine and short course of methotrexate +/- ATG...EASIX score was significantly higher in patients with TA-TMA compared to patients without TA-TMA, at day 30, day 100 and at last follow-up (p<10-3,<10-3 and 0.022, respectively).In multivariate analysis, acute GVHD and microbiologically documented fever were significantly associated with TA-TMA (p= 0.048 and 0.032, respectively).Cyclosporine was discontinued in all cases of TA-TMA and switched to mycophenolate mofetil...None patient received plasma exchange and one patient received iv N-acetylcysteine... In our experience, the TA-TMA was associated with a high NRM. Early monitoring using plasma sC5b-9 levels and access to targeted therapies are essential."

Biomarker • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Aplastic Anemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Septic Shock • Transplantation • Transplantation Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy

TRANSPLANTATION-ASSOCIATED THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY: INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT IN SETTINGS WITH LIMITED BIOMARKERS AND NO ACCESS TO TARGETED THERAPIES (EBMT 2026) - "Conditioning regimens were TBI or Busulfan iv-based. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted on cyclosporine and short course of methotrexate +/- ATG...EASIX score was significantly higher in patients with TA-TMA compared to patients without TA-TMA, at day 30, day 100 and at last follow-up (p<10-3,<10-3 and 0.022, respectively).In multivariate analysis, acute GVHD and microbiologically documented fever were significantly associated with TA-TMA (p= 0.048 and 0.032, respectively).Cyclosporine was discontinued in all cases of TA-TMA and switched to mycophenolate mofetil...None patient received plasma exchange and one patient received iv N-acetylcysteine... In our experience, the TA-TMA was associated with a high NRM. Early monitoring using plasma sC5b-9 levels and access to targeted therapies are essential."

Biomarker • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Aplastic Anemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Septic Shock • Transplantation • Transplantation Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Differential Radiosensitivity in T-Cell Subsets: Metabolic and Antioxidative Mechanisms Underlying Naïve T-Cell Vulnerability. (PubMed, Radiat Res) - "Supplementation with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, partially mitigated Tn depletion after WBI, underscoring the role of oxidative stress in Tn radiosensitivity. These findings suggest that the metabolic and antioxidative adaptations of Tm confer greater intrinsic resilience against radiation-induced damage than those of Tn. This disparity underscores the importance of targeted interventions to preserve naïve T cell populations and maintain immune balance after radiation exposure."

Journal • CD8

Transplant-free survival in dengue-associated acute liver failure: Current evidence and future directions. (PubMed, World J Virol) - "In many dengue endemic regions, access to liver transplantation is limited or nonexistent, underscoring the importance of identifying reliable predictors of transplant-free survival to guide timely clinical decision making. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the existing literature, including observational studies and meta-analyses, to delineate key prognostic determinants and to propose evidence based therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes and the survival."

Journal • Review • Dengue Fever • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Transplantation

SUCCESSFUL USE OF PLASMA ADSORPTION (DPMAS) AS BRIDGE THERAPY FOR DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN A PATIENT WITH PANCREATICOBILIARY TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE REPORT (ISN-WCN 2026) - "Supportive care included intravenous N-acetylcysteine, vitamin K, and albumin infusion. Early recognition of reversible hepatic injury and timely initiation of DPMAS may improve outcomes in high-risk patients, particularly in resource-limited settings or where transplantation is not immediately available. This case highlights the feasibility of using DPMAS as a bridge to recovery in severe DILI."

Case report • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

ADJUNCTIVE HEMOADSORPTION WITH DNA 230 IN SEVERE SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH MULTIORGAN INVOLVEMENT: A CASE REPORT (ISN-WCN 2026) - "She exhibited SLE activity in renal, mucocutaneous, serosal, hematologic, and immunologic domains.She was started on ceftriaxone, paracetamol, N-acetylcysteine, hydrocortisone, calcium + vitamin D, losartan, and atorvastatin. She was discharged stable on day 25 on tapering corticosteroids with a scheduled renal biopsy.Renal, liver and inflammatory markersConclusion This case highlights the potential role of DNA 230 hemoadsorption as an adjunct to standard immunosuppression and dialysis in severe lupus with multiorgan involvement. By facilitating removal of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, hemoadsorption may accelerate recovery and improve organ function during lupus flares."

Case report • Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Glomerulonephritis • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus