selenomethionine (SLM) / Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa - LARVOL DELTA

Harnessing the anti and pro-oxidants potential of selenium. (PubMed, J Trace Elem Med Biol) - "Once inside the plant, selenium undergoes complex speciation, transforming into organic compounds like selenomethionine and selenocysteine, which are then distributed throughout the plant tissues...Selenium-enriched crops are one of the key food sources of this vital trace element necessary for antioxidant defense and immune function in humans. Future research should focus on optimizing selenium biofortification protocols to maximize the antioxidant properties of selenium while minimizing the risk of pro-oxidant effects so as to promote sustainable agriculture and human nutrition."

Journal • Review

Efficient Biosynthesis of Selenium-Enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae via Siderophore-Assisted selenite uptake and biotransformation. (PubMed, Bioresour Technol) - "X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analyses confirmed efficient biotransformation of Se (IV) to organic selenium, primarily selenomethionine (Se-Met), accounting for 97.85% of total selenoamino acids (1201.52 ng/g)...Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Siderophore-mediated selenium transport is not fully dependent on the high-affinity phosphate transporters and may involve the participation of Pho91p. This study offers a feasible strategy for producing selenium-enriched S. cerevisiae and a promising approach for bioavailable organic selenium supplements."

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Exploring Interactive Effects of Arsenic and Selenium Exposure on Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio). (PubMed, Environ Toxicol) - "To investigate this interplay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to As alone (as arsenite) or in combination with two different chemical forms of Se including As 120 μg/L alone (as arsenite), As 120 μg/L + Se 25 μg/L (as selenite), As 120 μg/L + Se 120 μg/L (as selenite), and As 120 μg/L + Se 2.5 μg/L (as selenomethionine, SeMet) until 4 days postfertilization...At the same time, co-treatment with As + Se 25 μg/L partially restored nrf2a expression (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential for naturally co-occurring Se to modulate As toxicity in aquatic environments, underscoring the importance of considering chemical interactions when assessing ecological risks."

Journal • NFE2L2

Toxicity of elemental selenium and selenium substances after pulmonary exposure; and environmental and occupational air concentrations: a review. (PubMed, Drug Chem Toxicol) - "Selenium distributes to blood and internal organs after pulmonary exposure. Animal inhalation studies indicate LOAECs of 1 and 33 mg Se/m3, while LOAELs of intratracheal instillation studies start at 0.06 mg Se/kg bw."

Journal • Review

The mechanism of selenomethionine alleviating fluoride-induced brain injury in carp by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation: Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. (PubMed, Aquat Toxicol) - "However, long-term exposure to Se-Met alone may also cause mild toxicity, indicating that its application requires strict control of dosage and exposure duration. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which Se-Met mitigates F neurotoxicity and provides a theoretical basis for aquatic ecological risk assessment and selenium nutrition intervention strategies."

IO biomarker • Journal • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Vascular Neurology • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • IL10 • IL1B • MFN1 • NLRP3 • TGFB1 • TNFA

Effects of selenomethionine on the growth performance and quality, redox status, and lipid metabolism of breast meat in Pekin duck. (PubMed, Poult Sci) - "Furthermore, compared with those in the SD group, the feed-to-gain ratios during the periods of d 15- 42 and 1-42, as well as breast muscle cooking loss and drip loss were significantly lower (P < 0.05), whereas n-3 PUFAs, redness at 24 h, and ELOVL2, TXNRD1, and DIO1 mRNA expression levels were significantly greater (P < 0.05). In summary, SeMet enhances the growth performance and meat quality of Pekin ducks, which is closely associated with its effects on selenoprotein expression and lipid metabolism in muscle tissue."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • FAS • GPX1 • GPX4 • SELENOP

The Role of Selenium in Modulating Sperm Count and Ferroptosis Pathways in Male Reproductive Health. (PubMed, Chem Biol Interact) - "In vitro, Selenomethionine effectively mitigates Erastin-induced ferroptosis and proliferation suppression in spermatocytes primarily through GPX4-mediated mechanisms. In patients with oligozoospermia, seminal plasma GPX4 concentration was significantly decreased and was identified as an independent protective factor, while SLC7A11 level was associated with increased risk in multivariable analysis; neither biomarker correlated with seminal plasma selenium concentration."

Journal • GPX4 • SLC7A11

Selenomethionine mitigation of methylmercury-induced epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in rainbow trout brain: A toxicogenomic survey. (PubMed, Aquat Toxicol) - "Although this molecular interaction may reflect SeMet-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress, biochemical data did not confirm changes in GSH/GSSG levels. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying MeHg neurotoxicity and its modulation by SeMet in fish brain, highlighting a potential protective role of organic Se against MeHg-induced molecular alterations."

Journal • Inflammation • Solid Tumor • HIF1A

Biofortification of Yeast with Selenomethionine in Corn Hydrolysate: Influence of Different Metabolic Pathways. (PubMed, Biol Trace Elem Res) - "Cultivation in corn hydrolysate under aerobic conditions not only promoted higher SeMet formation but also reflects conditions relevant to industrial DDGS production. This approach provides a promising strategy to valorize an abundant ethanol coproduct into functional feed with improved selenium bioavailability and reduced risk of toxicity."

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Foliar application of selenium increased selenium accumulation, speciation, and bioaccessibility, as well as the yield and nutritional quality of sweet maize. (PubMed, Front Plant Sci) - "Kernel Se concentration increased significantly with Se supply, dominated by selenomethionine (SeMet) (82.3% of total Se), exhibiting high in vitro bioaccessibility (35.6% gastric, 76.0% intestinal). The coordinated regulation of antioxidant defense and nutrient metabolism under optimal Se supply enhances both plant physiological performance and the nutritional bioefficacy of edible kernels, providing a mechanistic framework for sustainable Se biofortification."

Journal • CAT

Chronic exposure to selenium through a natural diet (Lumbriculus variegatus) resulted in endocrine disruption, and reproductive impairment in zebrafish (Danio rerio). (PubMed, Environ Res) - "Histopathological analysis showed that Se induced ovarian adhesion and oocyte degeneration in females, and degeneration of Sertoli and Leydig cells in males. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that chronic environmentally relevant dietary exposure to Se decreases reproductive fitness of zebrafish by HPG axis dysregulation, underscoring ecological risks from Se contamination."

Journal • FSHB

Dose-Dependent but Non-Interactive Effects of Ochratoxin A and Selenomethionine on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens. (PubMed, Toxins (Basel)) - "These results highlight the dual but separate role of Se, where inadequate doses may enhance OTA toxicity, while optimal supplementation may have a protective effect on hepatic lipid homeostasis. These findings can be used in the future progress of the mitigation strategy against OTA exposure in poultry nutrition."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders

Dietary Selenium Sources in Combination with Alpha-lipoic Acid in Broiler Chickens: Influence on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant Activity, Meat Quality, Immune Status and Ileal Nutrient Digestibility. (PubMed, Biol Trace Elem Res) - "A total of 450 male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial design, comprising two levels of ALA (0 or 300 mg/kg) and three Se sources including inorganic sodium selenite (SS), organic selenomethionine (SM), and nano-selenium (NS) at 0.3 mg/kg...However, no significant effects were detected for nutrient digestibility in response to the dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of ALA in combination with SM or NS can synergistically enhance antioxidant capacity, immunity, and meat quality, thereby supporting improved growth performance in broiler chickens."

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Mapping the knowledge landscape: a bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy with implications for clinical translation. (PubMed, Int J Surg) - "This study systematically delineated a "microbiota-immunity-tumor" triangular knowledge framework that currently underpins the field, highlighting its maturation through bibliometric evidence. In the future, it is critical to integrate cross-scale mechanism exploration, standardized clinical translation pathways, and a global collaboration network to promote breakthroughs in personalized immunotherapy strategies, with direct relevance for clinical and perioperative care in oncology."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Microsatellite Instability • Oncology • Solid Tumor • MSI

Seleno-L Methionine (SLM)-Axitinib-Pembrolizumab (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=55 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Mohammed Milhem | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Renal Cell Carcinoma • Solid Tumor

Structure, substrate recognition and therapeutic targeting of the human ADAMTS-5 spacer domain. (PubMed, Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol) - "This structure reveals critical features of the spacer domain, including the hypervariable loops that function as exosites essential for the binding of aggrecan and versican. Our findings provide new structural insights into the molecular determinants of the substrate specificity of ADAMTS-5 and underscore the spacer domain as a promising target for the development of selective inhibitors."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology • ACAN • ADAMTS5 • VCAN

The role of GPD2 on ferroptosis in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Res Commun) - "Selenomethionine (SeMet), a GPX4 activator, was administered 24 h prior to CLP surgery...Our results suggest that GPD2 may protect against pulmonary vascular permeability, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in septic mouse lung tissues by suppressing ferroptosis through the activation of the GPX4 pathway. These findings suggest that GPD2 could be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced ALI."

Journal • Acute Lung Injury • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • GPX4

Bioconversion-type selenium-enriched kombucha fermentation broth: preservation enhancement and organic selenium enrichment regulation in Lentinula edodes. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "Using three selenium sources (SeNPs, sodium selenate, selenite), SKFP achieved 55.76 % organic selenium conversion, predominantly as selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine...Principal component analysis optimized selenium concentrations for maximum efficacy. This technology represents a paradigm shift toward dual-functional preservation that mitigates postharvest loss and addresses micronutrient deficiency, offering a sustainable strategy for next-generation food preservation."

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Foliar selenium application with compound auxiliaries enhances selenium accumulation, grain quality, and heavy metal detoxification in black wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). (PubMed, Front Plant Sci) - "Organic Se speciation analysis identified selenomethionine (SeMet) as the predominant form in grains, with T1 yielding the highest SeMet concentration, while the addition of auxiliaries (T2, T3, T4) significantly reduced SeMet content compared to T1...These results demonstrate a clear trade-off: foliar Se application alone (T1) optimizes nutritional quality via SeMet enrichment, whereas its combination with an adjuvant (T2) provides a balanced strategy, enhancing yield and Cd safety alongside robust Se biofortification. This integrated foliar application approach offers insights for balancing Se enrichment and heavy-metal mitigation in functional agriculture."

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Role of a Tunable σ-Hole-Mediated Chalcogen Bond in the Substrate Specificity of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase. (PubMed, J Phys Chem Lett) - "Using selenomethionine, we show that the strength of the Ch-bond can be tuned by changing the polarizability of the Ch-atom. ONIOM (QM/MM) calculations reveal that substituting sulfur with selenium leads to a shorter interaction distance and a more linear n → σ* approach, rationalizing the enhanced binding affinity observed with selenium. Our study shows that σ-hole-mediated S···O and Se···O Ch-bonds, which are analogous to hydrogen and halogen bonds, can facilitate substrate binding and molecular recognition."

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Effects of pressing temperature on selenium speciation, volatile profiles, and sensory evaluation in selenium-enriched rapeseed oils. (PubMed, Food Res Int) - "Organic Se species, primarily selenomethionine, selenocystine, and Se-methylselenocysteine, were the dominant forms and exhibited higher thermal sensitivity, with reductions of 85.19 %, 66.20 %, and 74.96 % from CPO to MPO, respectively...Sensory evaluation revealed that low-temperature SROs were characterized by a predominant green aroma, associated with aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, while high-temperature SROs displayed stronger roasted/nutty, burnt, pungent, and smoky notes, attributed to elevated levels of nitriles, sulfur compounds, and heterocyclics. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing Se retention and flavor quality during SRO processing."

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Different forms of selenium improve laying performance and ovarian antioxidant capacity: regulating gut microbiota and ovarian metabolism. (PubMed, Poult Sci) - "Compared with the sodium selenite (SeS), nano-selenium (SeN), selenomethionine (SeM), and selenium-enriched yeasts (SeY), as novel selenium sources, are increasingly popular in laying hen production...Meanwhile, the gut microbiota and differential metabolites of ovary were closely related to laying performance and antioxidant capacity of ovary. Therefore, 0.4 mg/kg SeN, SeM, and SeY showed an advantage on improving laying rate, ovary function, and gut microbiota in laying hens, and they could be potential additives using in laying hen production."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • GPX2 • SOD2

OsPT4 Facilitates Selenomethionine Transport and Biosynthesis to Enhance Seed Accumulation in Rice: Molecular Mechanisms and Biotechnological Potential. (PubMed, Plant Biotechnol J) - "Notably, OsPT4 significantly increased SeMet accumulation and promoted the formation of Se-rich micron-sized spherical particles in seeds under Se supplementation. These findings provide mechanistic insights into OsPT4-mediated SeMet trafficking and metabolism, advancing strategies for developing Se-biofortified rice cultivars with enhanced nutritional and therapeutic value."

Journal • Oncology

An Attack and Defense Strategy for Osteoarthritis Repair: Constructing a Trace Element Modulated Hydrogel to Mitigate Ferroptosis and Promote Cartilage Matrix Reconstruction. (PubMed, Research (Wash D C)) - "Based on this discovery, we innovatively pioneered the integration of Fe2+-capturing (attack) nanocatalysts and selenium-enriched (defense) polypeptides (selenomethionine [SeMet]) into a hydrogel platform...In vivo investigations showed its anti-inflammatory activity, ferroptosis-inhibiting capacity, and ability to reverse cartilage degeneration. This work establishes a therapeutic paradigm based on trace element synergy, providing a translatable disease-modifying candidate."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology • GPX4

Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Selenium in Honey. (PubMed, Molecules) - "By leveraging the distinctive physicochemical properties of honey, we employed reactive extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) to rapidly analyze the presence of both organic selenium (selenomethionine) and inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) in diluted honey samples...This study presents a precise, rapid, and convenient method for selenium determination in diluted honey. Given the limited sample size in this preliminary study, future research with larger cohorts is required to validate our findings."

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