selenomethionine (SLM) / Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa - LARVOL DELTA

Selenomethionine Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Injury and Modulates Unfolded Protein Response-Related Markers in Murine C2C12 Myoblasts. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "These findings indicate that SeMet protects C2C12 myoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. This protective effect may be associated with changes in SELENOF expression, UPR-related markers, and apoptosis-associated molecular responses, providing molecular evidence for its potential role in maintaining skeletal muscle cell homeostasis."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders

L-Selenomethylselenocysteine Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Meat Quality in White-Feathered Broilers More Effectively than Selenomethionine. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "Birds fed L-SeMC exhibited higher plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, lower malondialdehyde, improved meat color (higher a*_24h), higher ultimate pH, and lower drip loss (p < 0.05). L-SeMC is more effective than Se-Met for enhancing broiler growth, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality."

Journal

Dietary Selenium-Enriched Yeast Boosts Antioxidant Defense, Flesh Quality and Selenium Accumulation in Adult Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Furthermore, in the 2.56 mg Se/kg supplemented group, SEY also increased muscle crude protein as well as organic Se deposition, with >99.99% of selenium present as selenocystine and selenomethionine. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that SEY reshaped the metabolome, enriching nucleotide metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways, which may partly account for the observed changes in umami-associated compounds. In conclusion, dietary SEY supplementation is an effective strategy for producing high-quality, Se-biofortified common carp."

Journal • CAT

Selenomethionine alleviates heat stress-induced jejunal injury in broilers by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated signaling pathway. (PubMed, Poult Sci) - "In conclusion, dietary Se-Met may help reduce HS-associated jejunal dysfunction in broilers, partly by improving antioxidant status and attenuating HS-induced upregulation of ER stress-related proteins, including GRP78, ATF6, PERK, and IRE1. However, Se-Met did not consistently restore all intestinal parameters to thermoneutral levels, and further studies are needed to verify downstream ER stress and apoptosis pathways."

Journal • ATF6 • CLDN1 • ERN1 • HSPA5 • OCLN

Selenomethionine regulates macrophage polarization through mitochondrial dynamics via NF-κB signaling to attenuate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "SeMet regulates macrophage polarization by inhibiting activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in SIC mice."

Journal • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock

Repurposing Seleno-L-Methionine as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Agent to Overcome TGF-β1/HIF-Driven Immune Evasion in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Therapeutic Opportunities. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "This review synthesizes current mechanistic and translational evidence supporting the repurposing of SLM as a first-in-class pleiotropic immunomodulatory agent. Using ccRCC as a model of TGF-β1/HIF-driven immune resistance, we discuss how simultaneous targeting of this central regulatory axis may restore immune surveillance, improve T-cell fitness and trafficking, enhance responses to ICIs and CAR-T cell therapy, and provide a mechanistically rational strategy for the treatment of advanced solid tumors."

Journal • Review • Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome • CTLA4 • EPAS1 • HIF1A • PD-L1 • TGFB1

Effect of Rennet Type on Selenium Retention and Its In-Vitro Bioaccessibility in Se-Enriched Edam Cheese: An Exploratory Study. (PubMed, Foods) - "This study examined how coagulant type and ripening affect total Se (Setot), free selenomethionine (SeMet) formation, and in vitro Se bioaccessibility in Edam-type cheeses produced from biofortified milk (73 µg L-1 Se)...In vitro Se bioaccessibility reached 64% of Setot for animal-rennet cheese and approached complete release in microbial-rennet cheese. These findings suggest that the choice of coagulant may influence not only Se retention, but also the gastrointestinal accessibility of protein-bound Se in Edam-type cheese."

Journal • Preclinical

Selenomethionine attenuates heat stress-associated inflammatory responses and apoptosis in porcine alveolar macrophages. (PubMed, Vet Res Commun) - "These findings indicate that heat-associated macrophage dysfunction is accompanied by redox imbalance, enhanced NF-κB activation during LPS stimulation, and apoptosis under prolonged thermal exposure. The relative contribution of NF-κB compared with other redox-sensitive pathways remains to be further defined."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • ANXA5 • BCL2 • CASP3 • CXCL8 • IL1B • IL6

Selenium Concentration and Speciation in Formulae for Infants: Implications for Infant Health. (PubMed, Foods) - "Therefore, regular monitoring of the composition of infant formulae remains necessary. The detection of SeMet and MeSeCys provides new avenues for research on Se content and Se speciation in formulae intended for infants."

Journal

Selenomethionine alleviates LPS-induced intestinal injury in rats via coordinated modulation of the microbial-immune axis. (PubMed, J Trace Elem Med Biol) - "Microbial-gene association analysis further linked key bacterial genera with host immune and barrier genes, including Traf1, S100a8, Arf4, and Arf6. Collectively, SeMet attenuates LPS-induced intestinal injury by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and the microbial-immune axis."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • CLDN1 • S100A8 • TNFA • TRAF1

Growth Traits and Electrophysiological Responses of Cardamine violifolia to Selenium Biofortification Under Various Selenomethionine Levels. (PubMed, Plants (Basel)) - "Correlation analysis indicated that the electrophysiological selenium-enhancing rate (ESR) is significantly positively correlated with Cv biomass (R2 = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05) and leaf area (R2 = 0.85, p ≤ 0.05), showing that it served as an electrophysiological factor of selenium biofortification. Hence, plant electrophysiological technology enables real-time monitoring of different SeMet biofortification in Cv, and ESR can provide a useful reference for assessing selenium biofortification in hyperaccumulators."

Journal

Metabolite and lipid profiling of human vitreous reveals purine metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory lipid remodeling as the drivers of bacterial endophthalmitis. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Antioxidant seleno-L-methionine was downregulated, indicating redox imbalance...These molecular signatures not only provide deeper mechanistic insights into ocular infection but also provide potential biomarkers that could aid in diagnosis and monitoring of infection when conventional microbiological methods are inconclusive. The results highlight the clinical importance of metabolic profiling as a powerful tool to optimize visual outcomes, guide adjunctive therapeutic decisions, and enhance prognostic evaluation in patients affected by the condition."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Steering biofortification of Zn, Fe and Se in staple cereals (wheat, maize and rice) for micronutrient hunger mitigation: from trials to industrialized food products. (PubMed, J Adv Res) - "To develop consumer-acceptable micronutrient-enriched functional agri-food products complying with nutrition labeling and health claim regulations, several critical advances are needed: improved translocation and biosynthesis of Zn/Fe-nitrogen/protein complexes into the endosperm, advanced Zn/Fe-preserving "whole-ingredient" processing and selenomethionine extraction, and strengthened clinical evidence, policy frameworks and market guidance (particularly for Se safety). Finally, this review outlines a staged, comprehensive roadmap for integrating innovation across the industrial chain and clarifies the industrialization progress and technical maturity of each micronutrient."

Journal • Review

Effects of Selenomethionine Supplementation on Tomato Fruit Quality and Yield Under Deficit Irrigation. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "KEGG enrichment and key gene-expression analyses suggested that W1Se1 was associated with expression patterns involving carbon metabolism, sugar transport, antioxidant responses, and phytohormone signaling, whereas W1Se2 was associated mainly with sugar and energy metabolism as well as stress-related metabolic responses. These findings indicate that low-dose SeMet under deficit irrigation promotes selenium accumulation and fruit quality while mitigating yield loss in greenhouse tomato production."

Journal

Regulation of Egg Quality by Methionine Selenium: Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of EggShell, Egg Yolk, and Egg White. (PubMed, Foods) - "In this study, the effects of dietary selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation on the multi-dimensional characteristics of eggshell, egg white, and egg yolk were investigated, including their mechanical properties, mineral distribution, amino acid composition, microstructure, secondary structure, fatty acid composition, and lipidomic profiles...Adding SeMet can increase the essential amino acid content and the total content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk and egg white, thereby maintaining excellent protein patterns and reducing lipid hydrolysis in egg yolk. However, the addition of SeMet did not significantly affect the protein secondary structure or microstructure of egg yolk and egg white."

Journal

The role of GSH involved in Selenium absorption and assimilation: Detoxification under Na₂SeO₃ exposure in potato. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Mechanistically, GSH mitigates Se toxicity by increasing sulfur content, reducing protein misincorporation, and facilitating the conversion of inorganic Se into less toxic organic forms, including selenocysteine (SeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet). In addition, the combined application of GSH and Na₂SeO₃ enhances redox homeostasis and alleviates oxidative damage. These findings provide novel insights for GSH-based strategies to minimize Se hazards in food and environmental systems."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Respiratory Diseases

Quantitative in vivo framework for modeling competitive transport of amino acid–mimicking toxicants | Poster Board #1156 (ACS-Fall 2026) - "Here, a quantitative competition framework models transporter-mediated uptake using Caenorhabditis elegans and selenomethionine as a structural analog of methionine...This metric reflects shifts in effective cellular uptake under competitive conditions rather than downstream toxicity, allowing inference of transporter engagement without direct molecular measurement. By integrating competitive dose–response analysis with temporal control, this framework establishes a generalizable method for quantifying how nutrient-mimicking toxicants exploit conserved amino acid transport pathways and supports predictive modeling of transporter-mediated toxicant entry, including systems relevant to blood–brain barrier transport."

Preclinical

The Effects of Dietary Lemongrass Oil (Cymbopogon nardus) and Selenium on Production Performances, Internal Organs, and Immune Organ Weights in Broiler Chickens. (PubMed, Arch Razi Inst) - "The treatment did not affect (P>0.05) the weight of the ventriculus, heart, liver, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, colon, abdominal fat, thymus, lymph, and bursa of Fabricius. The conclusion is that the inclusion of 0.4 ppm selenomethionine in the diet increases the body weight and feed efficiency, whereas inclusion of up to 4 mL/kg lemongrass oil in the diet reduces the broiler's production performances and the weight of the ileum and gallbladder."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Combined clemastine fumarate and selenomethionine promote remyelination via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in experimental multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "Treatment was further associated with normalization of altered PI3K, Akt, and mTOR protein expression and substantial preservation of myelin integrity. CMF and SLM thus appear to exert complementary neuroprotective and remyelinating effects, CMF principally promoting oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination and SLM limiting oxidative and inflammatory injury that together converge on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, supporting simultaneous dual-target intervention as a rational strategy for MS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Solid Tumor • mTOR

Selenomethionine Alleviates 6PPDQ-Induced Liver Inflammation by Targeting ROS/METTL3/YTHDC1/ATF3 Axis. (PubMed, J Agric Food Chem) - "Notably, selenomethionine (SeMet) effectively alleviated 6PPDQ-induced liver necroptosis by reducing ROS production, thereby suppressing ATF3 nuclear translocation and inhibiting the METTL3/YTHDC1-mediated m6A modification. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into 6PPDQ hepatotoxicity and highlight the protective role of selenium against environmentally induced liver damage."

Journal • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • ATF3 • METTL3 • YTHDC1

Exploration of Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Selected Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of High-Dose Se-Methylselenocysteine, L-Selenomethionine and Selenite in a Phase Ib Trial in Cancer Patients. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Mean plasma selenoprotein P (SEPP) increased from 3.74 mg/L at baseline to 4.66 mg/L and 5.13 mg/L after 4 and 8 weeks (p = 0.136 and 0.104, respectively). More detailed evaluations of safety, PK and PD mechanisms are needed to determine a recommended Se compound and dose for larger trials in combination with cancer therapies."

Clinical • Journal • P1 data • PK/PD data • Oncology • SELENOP

The selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT): a secondary, post-intervention analysis on potential excess chronic disease incidence induced by selenium administration. (PubMed, Am J Epidemiol) - P3 | "34 887 eligible men age 55 or older were assigned to take either 200 μg selenium from L-selenomethionine, 400 IU vitamin E, both selenium and vitamin E, or placebo...(Registration no. NCT00006392)."

Journal • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis • CNS Disorders • Colorectal Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hematological Malignancies • Hodgkin Lymphoma • Leukemia • Lung Cancer • Lymphoma • Melanoma • Movement Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Oxidative stress in pigs and opportunities with selenium-containing amino acids. (PubMed, Stress Biol) - "Se-enriched yeast provides biologically and nutritionally important amounts of SeMet and SeCys. The review summarizes evidence that, compared wtih inorganic Se, dietary Se-enriched yeast effectively alleviates oxidative stress in pigs while enhancing production performance and pork quality."

Journal • Review

Biosynthesis of selenium-enriched proteins with distinct selenium incorporation patterns in Bifidobacterium longum by reshaping protein quality control and sulfur metabolic pathways. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "The UGA-independent substitution of methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) with their selenium (Se) analogues, selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (Sec), represents a non-canonical but widespread pathway for the biosynthesis of selenium-enriched proteins...Notably, both SeMet and Sec incorporations occurred preferentially in high-abundance proteins, without distinct sequence preferences. This work provides the first systematic comparison of SeMet and Sec incorporation patterns in a bacterial proteome, establishing a framework to analyze noncanonical Se incorporation and the specific adaptation strategies bacteria employ against environmental Se challenges."

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Selenium-enriched Lentinus edodes: characterization and antidiabetic effects in Wistar rats. (PubMed, Front Fungal Biol) - "Selenomethionine (Se-Met) was identified as the sole selenium species in both aqueous and enzymatic extracts...The findings of this study provide a basis for monitoring the quality and reproducibility of the selenium fortification process. Furthermore, these results suggest that further investigation in additional animal models is warranted to confirm the broader applicability and robustness of this approach."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • GPX1 • SELENOP