Xenical (orlistat) / Roche, GSK - LARVOL DELTA

Pharmacotherapy for obesity management. (PubMed, S Afr Med J) - "Pharmacotherapy for obesity management can be used for individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, or ≥27 kg/m2 with adiposity-related complications, in conjunction with medical nutrition therapy, physical activity and psychological interventions (semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly [Level 1a, Grade A] liraglutide 3.0 mg daily [Level 2a, grade B], naltrexone/bupropion 16 mg/180 mg twice a day [BID] [Level 2a, Grade B], orlistat 120 mg three times a day [TID] [Level 2a, Grade B])...Metformin and psychological treatment (such as cognitive behavioural therapy) should be considered for prevention of weight gain in people with severe mental illness who are treated with antipsychotic medications associated with weight gain (Level 1a, Grade A)...9. We do not suggest the use of prescription or over-the-counter medications other than those approved in SA for obesity management (Level 4, Grade D, Consensus)."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Obesity • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Ln4 Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in C57BL/6 Mice. (PubMed, Nutrients) - "Collectively, the results demonstrate that L. plantarum Ln4 mitigates HFD-induced obesity by improving lipid metabolism, suppressing adipogenesis, and balancing metabolic hormones, suggesting its potential as a functional probiotic for obesity management."

Journal • Preclinical • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • LEP • PPARA • PPARG • SREBF1

Jiangtang Tiaozhi Formula alleviates obesity by enhancing adipose thermogenesis via TGR5-mediated gut-liver-adipose axis. (PubMed, Phytomedicine) - "JTTZF exerted significant anti-obesity effect and metabolic benefits via gut-liver-adipose axis, indicating that JTTZF hold a promising potential at the preclinical stage for obesity treatment."

Journal • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Transplantation

Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects of Anti-Obesity Medications in Non-Diabetic Adults: A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas)) - "Orlistat commonly linked to steatorrhea and flatulence, while phentermine was associated with reduced GI motility. Newer agents, including retatrutide and orforglipron, also demonstrated notable GI side effect profiles...Tailored titration schedules, proactive patient counseling, and standardized adverse event reporting may improve tolerability. Further research is warranted to evaluate long-term GI outcomes and compare safety across emerging pharmacologic agents."

Adverse events • Journal • Review • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Postbiotics from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IOB820 Combat Obesity in HFD Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Enhancing SCFA Production. (PubMed, Nutrients) - " Seventy 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a normal diet group, an HFD control group, two postbiotic dose groups, two live bacteria dose groups, and an orlistat control group...rhamnosus IOB820 and its postbiotics effectively mitigate obesity and related metabolic disturbances in HFD-fed mice. Their beneficial effects are likely mediated through modulation of gut microbiota composition and enhancement of SCFA-driven anti-inflammatory responses."

Journal • Preclinical • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Comparative Evaluation of Ethanol and Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis for Oral Formulation: Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidative Property, and Gastrointestinal Digestive Enzyme Inhibition. (PubMed, Recent Adv Drug Deliv Formul) - "Both EE-MP and SFE-MP exhibited promising antioxidant and digestive enzymeinhibitory activities, supporting their potential in metabolic disease management. While ethanol extraction yielded higher phenolic and flavonoid content, the SFE-derived extract demonstrated slightly enhanced bioactivity and offered the added advantages of a cleaner, solvent-free, and environmentally sustainable process. These findings highlight the suitability of SFE-MP for the development of high-purity oral formulations aimed at regulating glucose and lipid metabolism."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Flavonoid-Rich Peanut Shell (Arachis hypogaea) Extract as a Functional Food Targeting Pancreatic Lipase to Regulate Lipid Metabolism in Rats. (PubMed, Mol Nutr Food Res) - "PSE and their isolated phytochemicals showed significant inhibition of PLE activity in vitro with an IC50 value ranging from 65.841-251.31 ng/mL, when compared to orlistat (49.297 ng/mL)...PSE exhibits potent anti-obesity effects by inhibiting PLE and modulating lipid absorption and metabolism. These findings support its potential application as a functional food-based therapeutic agent for obesity management."

Journal • Preclinical • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Obesity Drugs Over the Past 20 Years: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials using ML and AI (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - "GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have emerged as the most effective treatments to date, achieving 10–22% weight loss in clinical trials. Novel multi-receptor agonists—including retatrutide (GLP-1/GIP/glucagon) and the investigational NA-931 (IGF-1/GLP-1/GIP/glucagon)—demonstrate even greater promise, with weight loss exceeding 24% and favorable safety profiles. In contrast, older agents such as sympathomimetics (phentermine), lipase inhibitors (orlistat), and withdrawn serotonergic drugs (lorcaserin) have shown moderate efficacy (5–15% weight loss) but are limited by tolerability and safety concerns... GLP-1 agonists outperform traditional agents in promoting sustained weight loss and metabolic improvements; however, they are associated with gastrointestinal side effects, high costs, and rare but serious risks (e.g., pancreatitis, thyroid tumors). Sympathomimetics raise cardiovascular concerns, while orlistat often results in poor..."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatitis • Solid Tumor • Thyroid Gland Carcinoma • IGF1

Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan. (PubMed, J Endocrinol Invest) - "An anti-obesity treatment framework focused on both phenotype and complication burden improves the personalization of obesity care and supports clinical decision-making throughout a person's lifespan."

Journal • Review • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Nephrology • Obesity • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Pediatrics • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Experimental and Computational Insights of a Benzytrietylammonium [CoBr4] Salt: A Potential Photocatalyst and Inflammation-Related Enzyme Inhibitor. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "It also showed potent inhibitory effects on obesity-related enzymes such as lipase (IC50 = 41.93 μM) compared to orlistat (IC50 = 32.75 μM). Regarding diabetes-related targets, the complex effectively inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 21.75 μM) in comparison to acarbose (ACR, IC50 = 18.08 μM), and promoted insulin signaling by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4, IC50 = 22.01 μM) compared to sitagliptin (STG, IC50 = 4.07 μM)...A molecular docking approach was employed to investigate the binding affinities and molecular interactions of the two ligands forming the Co-(II) complex with several protein targets (PDB IDs: 3BAJ, 4A5S, 1LPB, 5MFA, and 1T49). The docking results revealed that the complex, through interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, carbon-hydrogen interactions, π-anion, π-cation, and π-alkyl interactions, exhibits promising inhibitory potential against the selected enzymes: α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), lipase, promyeloperoxidase..."

Journal • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • MPO • PTPN1

A meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of anti-obesity medications in the treatment of childhood obesity (PubMed, Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi) - "Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orlistat, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), and the combination of phentermine and topiramate in the treatment of childhood obesity. After 12 weeks of treatment, both phentermine monotherapy (mean difference=-1.4 kg) and phentermine combined with topiramate (mean difference=-3.9%) resulted in lower weight compared to the placebo group (both P<0.05), with a low incidence of serious adverse events. Orlistat, GLP-1RA (liraglutide and semaglutide), fenfluramine combined with topiramate demonstrate favorable efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of childhood obesity."

Journal • Retrospective data • Constipation • Dyslipidemia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Obesity • Pain

Novel probiotic consortium sustains skeletal muscle function in hyperlipidemic rats. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Res Commun) - "Male Wistar rats (300 ± 5 g) were randomised into 4 groups (n = 6) including control (7 % fat), hyperlipidaemia [(Hyp) 35 % fat], Hyp + Orlistat (10 mg/kg BW) + Cholestyramine (2g/100g of diet) (Hyp + O + C) and Hyp + Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus coagulans, and Streptococcus thermophilus) (Hyp + Pr). Furthermore, the probiotics significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of SREBP-1c, PGC-1α, and UCP3 compared to the Hyp group. These findings suggest that a novel probiotic consortium sustains muscle function and integrity in hyperlipidemic rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Dyslipidemia • Muscular Atrophy • Obesity • FABP3 • FBXO32 • Myogenin

Bioactivity-guided isolation of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Lycium ruthenicum using a novel HPLC-FLD/pancreatic lipase online recognition system. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "The effectiveness of this system was validated using orlistat...Enzymatic assays showed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of compounds 1 and 2 were 9.67 μM and 147.37 μM, respectively. These docking and inhibition results confirm the system for efficiently discovering pancreatic lipase inhibitors."

Journal

Peritransplant Orlistat Use and Post-Transplant Oxalate Nephropathy: A Cautionary Tale (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "Our experience has led to discontinuing Orlistat on all wait listed kidney transplant patients at our center. Oxalate deposition on H&E staining on kidney biopsy"

Post-transplantation • Genetic Disorders • Nephrology • Obesity • Renal Disease • Transplantation

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Fixed Oil Sustain Hepatic and Renal Function: Insight From a Metabolic Disorder Rat Model. (PubMed, Lipids) - "Rats were grouped into: DD (dyslipidaemia with diabetes), DD + M + O [metformin (20 mg/kg bw) + orlistat (10 mg/kg bw)], DD + G-FO [ginger fixed oil (50 mg/kg bw)], DD + P-FO [black pepper fixed oil (50 mg/kg bw)] and control with 60-days feeding. Liver and kidney histology indicated that DD enhanced lipid accumulation, resulting in tissue damage compared to the control and experimental groups. Thus, we established that fixed oil from ginger and black pepper sustained hepatic and renal function in metabolic abnormalities like hyperlipidemia and diabetes in the experimental rat model."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • CASP3 • KIM1

Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Maintains Leukemogenesis By Suppressing Progranulin-Engaged Lysosomal and Inflammatory Signaling (ASH 2024) - "By screening a library of platensimycin derivatives, we identified compound MS-C19 as a potent FASN inhibitor, which is superior to Orlistat or TVB-3166...Depletion of Progranulin, a lysosomal and neuroinflammatory gene, in the presence of FASN depletion, significantly reverted the inhibition of leukemic cell growth, survival, and clonogenicity caused by FASN knockdown. Thus, mammalian FASN could be a therapeutic target for myeloid leukemia, and inhibition of FASN by the lead compound MS-C19 provides a promising approach for leukemia intervention."

Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • FASN

PRPS2 Facilitates the Tumorigenesis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma By Promoting Fatty Acid β-Oxidation (ASH 2024) - "Moreover, orlistat, a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, inhibited DLBCL cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner...Our study confirmed that PRPS2 knockdown decreased PU.1 expression and increased PU.1 phosphorylation, which could promote DNA binding and cofactor recruitment. Our study demonstrates that the suppression of PRPS2 could inhibit the development and progression of DLBCL by regulating the PU.1/ACOX1 axis to reprogram fatty acid metabolism, which provides a promising therapeutic insight into DLBCL treatment."

B Cell Lymphoma • B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • ACOX1

Stability and Electronic Structure of Different Nanophases/Al Interfaces in Al-Cu-Li Alloys: A First-Principles Perspective. (PubMed, Langmuir) - "Regarding surface energy, the δ'(001)-AlLi and T1(001)-AlLi terminals exhibit significantly lower surface energies than other terminal configurations, suggesting a strong stability of the Li-terminal surfaces...The shear modulus and hardness of the precipitate phases were significantly higher than those of the matrix; however, precipitates dominated by covalent bonds may reduce the material's ductility. This study provided theoretical insights into the optimization of precipitate phases and interface design in Al-Li alloys and highlights the crucial role of electronic rearrangement and bonding characteristics at the interface in the material strengthening mechanism."

Journal

Weight Loss Outcomes with Tirzepatide in Patients with Previous Obesity Medication Use (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - "Secondary endpoints included: (i) comparison of TBWL% between patients previously exposed to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs; I.E., semaglutide and liraglutide) versus non-GLP-1 RAs (phentermine/topiramate ER, phentermine, naltrexone/bupropion SR, and orlistat) and (ii) comparison of TBWL% between patients with recent OM exposure (3 months). Prior exposure to OMs, particularly GLP-1RAs, was associated with inferior weight loss outcomes with tirzepatide in our cohort. This highlights the importance of considering prior medication history when prescribing tirzepatide for weight management, especially in the context of insurance-related barriers. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore potential mechanisms driving these differences."

Clinical • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

A Closer Look at FDA Trials: Safety and Efficacy of GLP-1 vs Non-GLP-1 for Obesity and Diabetes (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - " We reviewed US FDA Medical and Statistical reports (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/), focusing on approved GLP-1 weight loss (WM) drugs liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and non-GLP-1 agents orlistat, phentermine/topiramate. We also reviewed GLP-1 type 2 diabetes (T2D) drugs semaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, lixisenatide, albiglutide... This review of FDA medical and statistical reports suggests that GLP-1 agents, when compared to non-GLP-1 medications for weight management and to placebo in both weight loss and Type 2 diabetes trials, are associated with comparable or lower mortality rates and greater weight reduction. Mortality per patient-exposure year was consistently lower in treatment groups receiving GLP-1 agents. Weight loss outcomes were also more pronounced with GLP-1 therapies across indications."

Clinical • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Guidance for Obesity Management: What About the Patient's Experience? (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - " Six OMMs have FDA approval: orlistat, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone and bupropion, liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide. Qualitative data are valued by US regulators to capture patients' experiences with OMMs and to support the content validity and interpretability of COA endpoints. Well-designed in-trial research studies may help overcome some of the challenges and concerns posed by the FDA."

Clinical • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

Obesity Medication Use Associated with Greater Use of Clinical Pediatric Obesity Treatment Services (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - "The variable was defined by identifying the prescription of medications approved for treating obesity in adolescents including GLP-1s (i.e., semaglutide and liraglutide), phentermine-topiramate, and orlistat. Findings show obesity medication use was associated with increased clinic visits at a pediatric obesity treatment program. This indicates that youth taking obesity medications are potentially engaging more with obesity treatment and remaining in care, which could have important implications for long-term management of obesity and co-morbidities."

Clinical • Genetic Disorders • Obesity • Pediatrics

INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS AND OUTCOMES IN ACUTE LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. (PubMed, Ann Vasc Surg) - "Inflammation is central to the pathophysiology and prognosis of ALLI. NLR represents a robust, accessible biomarker for early risk stratification. Future strategies should emphasize biomarker-guided, personalized modulation of inflammation, supported by well-designed clinical trials."

Biomarker • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Inflammation • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome • IL1B • IL6 • NLRP3

Novel Strategies against Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Lipid Metabolism. (PubMed, Oncol Res) - "Pharmacological inhibition of key nodes-such as FASN (Orlistat, TVB-3664), sphingomyelin synthase (D609), or cholesterol synthesis (statins, Genkwadaphnin)-synergizes with sorafenib/lenvatinib and overcomes resistance. We conclude that targeting lipid metabolic reprogramming, alone or combined with conventional therapies, offers significant potential for novel HCC treatment strategies. Future efforts should focus on overcoming metabolic plasticity and optimizing combinatorial regimens."

Journal • Review • Hepatocellular Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • FASN

Evaluation of the obesogenic role of betel nut extract in mice and its remediation by berberine and orlistat. (PubMed, Toxicon) - "Male mice showed a greater deposition of abdominal epididymal WAT and more severe hyperlipidemia as well as hepatotoxicity than females. Berberine and orlistat restored AMPK/ACC signaling, reduced oxidative stress, ameliorated hepatotoxicity, and restored normal lipid profile and reversed the anomalies in adipose tissue, with berberine showing better efficacy in reducing adiposity than orlistat."

Journal • Preclinical • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Oncology • Oral Cancer • Solid Tumor • CCND1