disulfiram / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Unexpected Low: A Case of Disulfiram Induced Hypoglycemia (ENDO 2025) - "Later transitioned to infused dextrose 5%, she became somnolent with BG 30 mg/dL.Prednisone 40 mg PO was then started followed by hydrocortisone 50 mg q12Hr in setting of recurrent severe hypoglycemia ( <20 mg/dL) for treatment of adrenal insufficiency. This may be the first reported case of disulfiram-induced hypoglycemia in an adult. Disulfiram should be used in caution in those with labile diabetes."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Cystic Fibrosis • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pancreatitis • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Severe Hypoglycemia • CFTR

Sudden Unexpected Death and Alcohol Addiction: Case Report on Disulfiram Use. (PubMed, Acta Med Litu) - ": When alcohol addiction overpowers, the patient tries to reduce the undesirable symptoms and may even die if alcohol is combined with disulfiram. Death may occur due to the cardio and neurotoxic effects of acetaldehyde."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Disulfiram Treatment for Alcohol Abuse. (PubMed, Addict Biol) - No abstract available

Journal

DDTC-Cu(I) inhibits human osteosarcoma cells growth by repressing MET/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Disulfiram (DSF) is clinically utilized to treat alcohol dependency and has been indicated to bind Cu(I) in-vivo to form DDTC-Cu(I), which has been confirmed for its antitumor effects...The histological research revealed that DDTC-Cu(I) had no adverse influence on the liver, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Overall, the data of this investigation suggested that DDTC-Cu(I) could serve as an efficient agent against OS development."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Oncology • Osteosarcoma • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor

Intranasal delivery of temozolomide and disulfiram in situ gel combined with copper for enhanced glioblastoma therapy. (PubMed, Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces) - "This approach not only demonstrates superior therapeutic efficy against GBM progression through enhanced intracranial drug accumulation and optimized drug ratios, but also minimizes systemic toxicity via localized delivery. Our findings offer a potentially clinical translatable strategy worth further investigation."

Journal • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD8 • CXCL10

Exploiting mitochondrial dysfunction to overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance in advanced melanoma: the role of disulfiram as a copper ionophore. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis) - "In conclusion, targeting mitochondrial function with disulfiram effectively inhibits BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, independent of MAPK signaling blockage. These results point to the potential of combining disulfiram with BRAF inhibitors as a promising strategy to overcome BRAFi resistance."

Journal • Melanoma • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • TXN2 • TXNIP

Potential synergism of abemaciclib with chloroquine and disulfiram/copper in atypical meningioma: A case report and review of the literature. (PubMed, Neurooncol Adv) - No abstract available

Journal • Brain Cancer • Meningioma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Drug-Associated Alcohol Intolerance: A Real-World Disproportionality Analysis Study. (PubMed, Hosp Pharm) - "Multiple drug classes demonstrated significant signals including antimicrobials (metronidazole [ROR: 27.4], cefoperazone [ROR: 290.6]), and ketoconazole [ROR: 27.6]), respiratory medications (salmeterol [ROR: 6], mometasone [ROR: 6], and dupilumab [ROR: 6.1]), and psychoanaleptics (bupropion [ROR: 8.1] and several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)...Outcomes included hospitalization (16%), disability (6.4%), and death (1.7%). This study highlights significant associations between several medications and alcohol intolerance, emphasizing the need for further research to confirm these findings and inform clinical guidelines to optimize patient safety."

Journal • Real-world evidence

Virus-Inspired Nanoparticles for Intensified Cancer Therapy via Cascade Reinforcement of "Nontoxicity-to-Toxicity" Transition and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. (PubMed, Adv Healthc Mater) - "Herein, a biodegradable nanoprobe for combination chemotherapy is constructed by developing a virus-like mesoporous copper oxide nanocage co-loaded with disulfiram (DSF) and berberine (BBR) to amplify oxidative stress...Due to the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by BBR, massive ROS accumulation is noted within tumor cells, which in turn exacerbates mitochondrial damage and further disrupts intracellular redox balance in a positive feedback loop, inducing tumor cell apoptosis. In this study, a mitochondria-based nanoparticle with intracellular "nontoxic-to-toxic" transformation ability is constructed, amplifying oxidative stress in tumor cells for combination chemotherapy with high biosafety."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology

A novel approach to enhance glioblastoma multiforme treatment efficacy: non-coding RNA targeted therapy and adjuvant approaches. (PubMed, Clin Epigenetics) - "This review focuses on how these molecular insights can serve as novel therapeutic targets and how drug adjuvant therapy may improve GBM treatment strategies. It focuses on how the integration of ncRNA modulation with conventional therapies and the combination strategy of enhancing efficacy of drugs can enhance treatment efficacy and pave the way for innovative approaches in managing GBM. In short, we will explore how non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) might serve as promising targets and how repurposing TMZ, DSF, and aspirin could help enhance the efficacy of GBM treatment."

Journal • Review • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Sugar-Linked Diethyldithiocarbamate Derivatives: A Novel Class of Anticancer Agents. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Disulfiram (DSF), a well-known anti-alcoholism drug, exhibits potent anticancer activity via its metabolite, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), which forms a cytotoxic copper complex that selectively targets cancer stem cells...These findings highlight the potential of saccharide-linked DDCs as stable, copper-activated prodrugs for cancer therapy. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate their pharmacokinetics and clinical relevance."

Journal • Brain Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Cuproptosis: a novel therapeutic mechanism in lung cancer. (PubMed, Cancer Cell Int) - "Cuproptosis represents a novel mechanism dependent on copper that has important implications for the treatment of lung cancer. This process primarily involves the buildup of copper ions, which leads to a disruption in protein homeostasis, ultimately resulting in cell death. Additionally, the abnormal expression of crucial regulatory genes, such as FDX1 and LIPT1, along with transport proteins like CTR1 and ATP7A/B, is closely linked to the advancement of lung cancer. At present, drugs that act as carriers for copper ions (such as elesclomol and disulfiram), metal-organic frameworks based on copper, and copper chelators (including D-penicillamine and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) have demonstrated promise in eliciting copper-mediated cell death in lung cancer cells. These discoveries suggest new potential targets and strategies for treating lung cancer, which could enhance the prognosis for patients diagnosed with the disease."

Journal • Review • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ATP7A • ATP7B • COLCA1 • FDX1 • ITGB1-DT • LIPT1 • UBE2D3

A photothermally triggered cascade bioreactor for cuproptosis and ferroptosis-driven cancer immunotherapy. (PubMed, J Colloid Interface Sci) - "Therefore, this work reports a laser-controlled cascade bioreactor based on gold and silica-coated Cu- and Mn-doped iron oxide nanocrystals (IONCs) loaded with the drug disulfiram (DSF)...The NPs' biocompatibility is also established, and they are found to be appropriate for bioimaging and theranostic applications. Our work thus offers an innovative route for targeted tumor metalloimmunotherapy."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology

Understanding Melanoma’s Tumor Microenvironment: A Dual-Target Immunomodulatory Strategy to Overcome Melanoma Resistance (CDA 2025) - "This study investigates a dual-targeted strategy combining BIO (6-bromo-indirubin-3’-oxime), which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 and cyclin-dependent kinases to suppress inflammatory pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME), with the active disulfiram metabolite, CuET (diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex), inducing proteotoxic stress and cell death...This novel approach advances our understanding of melanoma biology and addresses a critical gap in current therapeutic strategies. If translated into clinical practice, it holds the potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes and transform the management of therapy-resistant melanoma."

Biomarker • Immunomodulating • IO biomarker • Tumor microenvironment • Genetic Disorders • Melanoma • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor

Donor macrophage pyroptosis contributes to the development of aGVHD. (PubMed, Sci China Life Sci) - "Our results suggested that donor-derived macrophages undergo pyroptosis in aGVHD, and these cells might participate in the development of aGVHD by affecting the activation and differentiation of CD4+ cells. The pyroptosis inhibitor disulfiram is a potentially promising agent for aGVHD treatment."

Journal • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Lymphoma • Oncology • CD4 • CD69 • IL18 • IL1B

NA-ICs Induce Type I IFN Signature and NET formation to Facilitate Lupus Progression (EULAR 2025) - "The NA-ICs contain the corresponding self-nucleic acid antigen (dsDNA-ICs), triggering the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the FcγRIII blocking antibody and an FDA-approved IFN receptor blockade (Anifrolumab) inhibit dsDNA ICs induced ISG expression in neutrophils...Therefore, the GSDMD inhibitor disulfiram (DSF) rescues this mitochondrial hypo-polarization, preventing mitochondrial DAN (mtDNA) release into the cytosol to trigger the subsequent type I IFN production... Through evaluation the impact of NA-ICs, we demonstrated their roles in stimulating type I IFN signature, exacerbating inflammation as well as affecting the mitochondria and NETs formation in both human and animal models. Further experiments and mechanisms shall be addressed to explain these interesting observations."

Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • ISG15

A thermosensitive hydrogel with synergistic stromal targeting and antitumor immunity modulation for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. (PubMed, Mater Today Bio) - "In this study, we present a novel thermosensitive hydrogel (SCC15+PLHCu@Gel) that co-deliver two types of nanoparticles loaded with the disulfiram derivative CPD12C15 (SCC15) and tumor-targeting Cu2+ (PLHCu) to overcome the degradation of CPD12C15 induced by Cu2+ within the same nano formulation...These enhanced antitumor immunity responses might be related to the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. Thereby, this study presents a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting the ECM and enhancing the immune responses against pancreatic cancer."

Journal • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Solid Tumor • CAFs • IFNG • IL12A • SMAD3 • TNFA

DDTC-Cu(I) Nano-MOF Induces Ferroptosis by Targeting SLC7A11/GPX4 Signal in Colorectal Cancer. (PubMed, ACS Biomater Sci Eng) - "Disulfiram (DSF) has a long history of clinical application in alcohol withdrawal, and recent studies have revealed that its metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) can be coordinated with copper ions in vivo to form Cu-DDTC complexes with anticancer activity...Animal experiments on the xenograft tumor model further demonstrated the excellent antitumor activity and biosafety of Cu-BTC@DDTC, and the antitumor activity was found to be closely related to the regulation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway to induce ferroptosis. This study provides a feasible option for antitumor drug development based on a drug repurposing strategy."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • GPX4 • SLC7A11

The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in the animal model crystal-induced chronic kidney disease (ERA 2025) - "Elevated levels of NETs markers in the plasma and urine of mice with adenine nephropathy indicate neutrophil activation and subsequent NETosis. However, PAD4−/− KO mice do not appear to be protected from severe kidney damage. This suggests that NETs formation may not play a direct role in adenine-induced CKD, or that PAD4 is not the only key enzyme involved in chromatin decondensation and subsequent NETs extrusion."

Preclinical • Chronic Kidney Disease • Inflammation • Nephrology • Renal Disease • ELANE • MPO

Repurposing Disulfiram to target neutrophil extracellular traps in experimental ANCA associated vasculitits (ERA 2025) - "These findings highlight DSL's ability to selectively modulate innate immune pathways, mitigate glomerular injury, and prevent glomerulonephritis in MPO-AAV. Collectively, this study underscores the therapeutic potential of DSL as a novel steroid-sparing option for MPO-AAV by disrupting critical immunopathological mechanisms and providing a rationale for further investigation into its clinical application."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • ANCA Vasculitis • CNS Disorders • Glomerulonephritis • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Psychiatry • Renal Disease • CD4 • IL17A • MPO • TNFA

Comparison Of 70% Ethanol Versus Heparin Lock In Treating Tunnelled Jugular Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections In Hemodialysis Patients-A Randomized Controlled Trial (ERA 2025) - "Exclusion Criteria was patients with previous history of intolerance to alcohol or on disulfiram, evidence of metastatic infection such as infective endocarditis, lung abscess, septic emboli, and septic arthritis or fungal infection, exit site or tunnel infection and hemodynamically unstable patient that warrants immediate catheter removal... The 70% ethanol lock solution appears to be an effective adjunct therapy with systemic antibiotics for treating CRBSIs, with a higher rate of catheter salvage and microbiological cure compared to heparin lock therapy. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • Rheumatology

Alcohol Use Disorder During Pregnancy: Few Receive Treatment (CPDD 2025) - "Because insurance disparities may impact access to medications for AUD (MAUD=acamprosate, naltrexone, and disulfiram), we examined national data on MAUD prescribing in pregnant people across three national administrative databases (TriNetX; MarketScan commercial and Medicaid claims) reflecting distinct payer mixes. Across all-payer data, AUD may be as prevalent as 5% during pregnancy. Although AUD does not remit after conception, most birthing people do not receive MAUD."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Postpartum Depression • Psychiatry

Race, Ethnicity, and Language Differences in Discharge Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder (MAUD) Prescribing Among Hospitalized Patients, 2016-2024 (CPDD 2025) - "We determined the prevalence of MAUD prescriptions (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) on discharge and used generalized linear models (GLM) adjusted for clustering within patient to identify patient (demographics, comorbidities, AUD severity, recent MAUD prescription), provider (addiction consultation) and hospitalization characteristics (length of stay, intensive care unit stay, year) associated with MAUD prescription on discharge. In this single-center cohort of patients hospitalized with AWS, supported by a robust addiction consult team, rates of discharge MAUD prescription were higher among racial/ethnic minorities and those with NELP. Hospitalizations for AWS are opportunities for antiracism in medicine and initiation of AUD treatment."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Discontinuation of Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder During Pregnancy and Postpartum in the United States (CPDD 2025) - "The outcomes, filled MAUD prescriptions (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram), and receipt of psychosocial treatment (with AUD diagnosis), were identified via claims. Discontinuation of AUD treatment is widespread among pregnant people with AUD, persisting through the postpartum period."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Psychiatry

Characterization of immune cells in the rat intestinal mucosa and liver involved in inflammation caused by LPS and evaluation of the effects of N-acetylcysteine and disulfiram (well-known sulfur drugs) for this inflammation. (PubMed, Acta Histochem) - "In conclusion, this study shows that bacterial LPS can activate various innate immune system cell populations, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, Kupffer cells, myofibroblasts and enterocytes. Moreover, this study demonstrates the beneficial effects on NAC and DSF in alleviating inflammation and relieving tissue fibrosis in the LPS-induced inflammation in the rat intestinal mucosa and liver."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • TLR2 • TLR4