Lentinon (lentinan) / Ajinomoto - LARVOL DELTA

Fabrication of tumor-targeting composites based on the triple helical β-glucan through conjugation of aptamer. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "Herein the nucleic acid aptamers were attached to the polydeoxyadenylic acid (poly(dA)) tail for improving the tumor-targetability and cellular internalization of s-LNT/poly(dA) composite composed of two single chains of triple helical β-glucan lentinan (s-LNT) and one poly(dA) chain...Meanwhile, the in vivo experiments further demonstrate more s-LNT/poly(dA)-aptamer composites were effectively accumulated at the tumor site compared with s-LNT alone. This work provides a novel strategy for fabricating triplex β-glucan as delivery vectors with active tumor-targetability."

Journal • Hepatology • Oncology

[VIRTUAL] A Case of Shiitake Mushroom Dermatitis in a 21-Year-Old Female (ASDP 2020) - "Lentinan, a thermolabile toxin in shiitake mushrooms, is proposed to cause this dermatitis. She noted improvement at 2 week phone follow-up with use of triamcinolone 0.1% cream and shiitake mushroom avoidance. This case highlights the importance of detailed history taking and describes rarely reported histologic findings of shiitake mushroom dermatitis."

Clinical • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Metabolic degradation of lentinan in liver mediated by CYP450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "The results showed that two cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes subtypes (CYP2D6 and CYP2C9), as well as epoxide hydrolase, were involved in the metabolic degradation of LNT. These findings provide a pharmacokinetic reference for further study and application of LNT and other β-glucans."

Journal • CYP2C9 • EPHX1

Mushrooms and immunity. (PubMed, J Autoimmun) - "Variables influencing study outcomes include different mushrooms strains, growing conditions, developmental stage, part of mushroom used, extraction method, and storage conditions. We foresee that future rigorous research will be needed to determine the potential of mushroom compounds for human health to reproduce the effects of some compounds such as lentinan which a metaanalysis demonstrated to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer and in the improvement of the patients quality of life."

Journal • Review • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Inflammation • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production induced by benzo(a)pyrene in human keratinocytes. (PubMed, J Cosmet Dermatol) - "These findings suggest that lentinan has two biological activities that are potentially useful for managing inflammatory skin diseases or disorders related to oxidative stress induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Therefore, cosmetics containing L edodes have promising dermatological applications, with potential utility in protecting the skin against environmental pollutants."

Journal • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Oncology • Skin Cancer

Lentinan improved the efficacy of vaccine against Trichinella spiralis in an NLRP3 dependent manner. (PubMed, PLoS Negl Trop Dis) - "In summary, we revealed that lentinan was a novel adjuvant against T. spiralis infection via NLRP3. NLRP3 therefore represents an important target for adjuvant discovery and the control of T. spiralis infection."

Clinical • Journal

Redox dual-responsive dendrimeric nanoparticles for mutually synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy to overcome drug resistance. (PubMed, J Control Release) - "In this work, a novel tumor-targeted, redox dual-responsive and paclitaxel (PTX) loaded nanoparticle based on multifunctional dendrimer and lentinan was developed for combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of PTX-resistant cancers. Meanwhile, PTX treatment would arrest cells in G2/M phase, thereby prolonging the period when nuclear membrane is broken down, which further facilitated photosensitizer accumulation in nuclei and improved DNA damage response. Consequently, the combination of PTX and photodynamic treatment lead to excellent antitumor effects to drug-resistant A549/T tumor in vitro and in vivo, which provides a new strategy for the design of co-delivery system to overcome drug resistance."

Journal • Oncology

Structure and functional properties of soy protein isolate-lentinan conjugates obtained in Maillard reaction by slit divergent ultrasonic assisted wet heating and the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "Furthermore, the emulsions prepared by the SPI-lentinan conjugates (ultrasound) as emulsifiers possessed the highest stability against environmental stresses. Taken together, SDU-assisted heating could be an excellent method to improve the functional properties of conjugates."

Journal

Curdlan, zymosan and a yeast-derived β-glucan reshape tumor-associated macrophages into producers of inflammatory chemo-attractants. (PubMed, Cancer Immunol Immunother) - "In the current study, we assessed indigestible β-glucans (oatβG, curdlan, grifolan, schizophyllan, lentinan, yeast whole glucan particles (yWGP), zymosan and two additional yeast-derived β-glucans a and b) for their physicochemical properties as well as their effects on the plasticity of human monocyte-derived macrophages that were polarized with IL-4 to immune-suppressive macrophages...The secretion of chemo-attractants was confirmed when using patient-derived melanoma-infiltrating immune cells. Taken together, the bacterial-derived curdlan as well as the yeast-derived β-glucans yeast-b and zymosan have the unique ability to preferentially skew macrophages towards a chemo-attractant-producing phenotype that may aid in anti-cancer immune responses."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immune Modulation • Inflammation • Melanoma • Oncology • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Solid Tumor

Plant-derived compounds: A potential source of drugs against Tobacco mosaic virus. (PubMed, Pestic Biochem Physiol) - "The results demonstrated that the antiviral effects of UA and 4-methoxycoumarin were as effective as those of the commercial agent lentinan, in either the protective effect, inactivation effect or curative effect...Meanwhile, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde experiments indicated that these effects did not result in phytotoxicity or damage to the leaf plasma membrane of tobacco plants. Collectively, the results demonstrate that UA and 4-methoxycoumarin have potential as eco-friendly and safe strategies to control TMV in the future."

Journal

Lentinan-functionalized Graphene Oxide is an Effective Antigen Delivery System that Modulates Innate Immunity and Improves Adaptive Immunity. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "Hence, we can infer that the effects of GO-LNT were a result of the increased amounts of antigen uptake by cells. Overall, our studies demonstrated that GO-LNT could suffice for a safe and effective vaccine delivery system as well as an excellent adjuvant that both elicits a long-term immune memory response and potentiates cellular and humoral immunity."

Journal

Lentinan-functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles target Tumor Cell Mitochondria via TLR4/TRAF3/MFN1 pathway. (PubMed, Theranostics) - " Selene is a candidate anticancer drug for the treatment of malignant ascites. And TLR4/TRAF3/MFN1 may be a specific nano-drug delivery pathway that could target the mitochondria."

IO Biomarker • Journal • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor • CAV1 • TLR4

The protective effect and mechanism of lentinan on acute kidney injury in septic rats. (PubMed, Ann Transl Med) - "Except for the sham group, all groups, including the burn sepsis group (BS group), the positive drug control group (dexamethasone, 5 mg/kg, PC group), the LNT low-concentration group (LNT-L group) (50 mg/kg), the LNT medium-concentration group (LNT-M group) (100 mg/kg), and the LNT high-concentration group (LNT-H group) (200 mg/kg), were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline 30 min before injury. Compared with the BS group, the protein expression levels of NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1 along with the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly decreased, while the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 were obviously increased in the LNT group with different concentrations.. LNT has a certain protective effect on AKI in septic rats, and its mechanism may involve inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, which suppresses the expression of proinflammatory factors in turn, thus promoting the release of..."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Septic Shock • ICAM1 • IL10 • IL4 • IL6 • NFKB1 • TNFA

Lentinan Inhibits AGE-Induced Inflammation and the Expression of Matrix-Degrading Enzymes in Human Chondrocytes. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "Our findings indicate that lentinan shows a protective effect against AGE-induced inflammatory response in chondrocytes. These findings suggest that lentinan is a promising agent for the treatment of OA that could be used as a dietary supplement for patients with OA."

Journal • Immunology • Oncology • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology • CXCL8 • MMP1 • MMP13 • MMP3 • PCR • TNFA

Effects of lentinan on NF-κB activity in the liver of burn rats with sepsis. (PubMed, Exp Ther Med) - "Most importantly, treatment with lentinan was able to reverse the increased concentration of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in plasma which was induced by LPS. Lentinan treatment can significantly decrease the expression of NF-κB in the liver of burn rats with sepsis."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock • IL10 • IL4 • IL6 • NFKB1 • TNFA

A Quality-of-Life Study in Healthy Adults Supplemented with Lentinex® Beta-Glucan of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). (PubMed, Int J Med Mushrooms) - "The major active substance in L. edodes is a beta-(1-3,1-6)-glucan (lentinan)...The degree of improvement in the treated group, including relative to placebo, was higher for subjects who had lower initial well-being than for subjects with higher initial well-being. In conclusion, the lower an individual's initial well-being, the more Lentinex helped."

Clinical • HEOR • Journal

Lentinan Inhibits Tumor Progression by Immunomodulation in a Mouse Model of Bladder Cancer. (PubMed, Integr Cancer Ther) - "Our research further confirmed the synergy between LNT and gemcitabine (GEM) to activate immunity and inhibit the growth of bladder tumors in mouse model. Meanwhile, the proportions of MDSCs and Tregs were downregulated, leading to a reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. The synergy between LNT and GEM provides additional evidence supporting the application of this traditional Chinese herbal component for bladder cancer therapy."

Journal • Preclinical • Bladder Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Inflammation • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Urothelial Cancer • CD8 • IFNG • IL10 • IL2

Preparation of lentinan-calcium carbonate microspheres and their application as vaccine adjuvants. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "Moreover, LNT-CaCO unexpectedly induced the secretion of IgG and Th-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in immunized mice. Therefore, LNT-CaCO microspheres induce robust cellular and humoral immune responses and have potential utility as vaccine delivery systems."

Clinical • Journal • IL2 • IL4

Natural products and their derivatives: Promising modulators of tumor immunotherapy. (PubMed, J Leukoc Biol) - "These works of research mainly focused on natural products, including polyphenols (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol), cardiotonic steroids (e.g., bufalin and digoxin), terpenoids (e.g., paclitaxel and artemisinins), and polysaccharide extracts (e.g., lentinan). Here, we performed a deep generalization, analysis, and summarization of the previous achievements, recent progress, and the bottlenecks in the development of natural products as tumor immunotherapy. We expect this review to provide some insight for guiding future research."

Journal • Review • Immune Modulation • Inflammation • Oncology

Purified β-glucans from the Shiitake mushroom ameliorates antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pulmonary sepsis. (PubMed, Lett Appl Microbiol) - "Use of IHL resulted in an improvement in physiological parameters compared to controls and CL. In conclusion administration of Lentinan to treat sepsis-induced lung injury appears safe and effective and may exert its effects in an immunomodulatory manner."

Journal • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Lentinan-functionalized selenium nanosystems with high permeability infiltrate solid tumors by enhancing transcellular transport. (PubMed, Nanoscale) - "Meanwhile, pharmacokinetic analysis showed that LET-Tw-SeNPs displayed a long half-life in blood. Altogether, this study demonstrates an inventive strategy for designing nanosystems with high permeability and low blood clearance, in order to achieve efficient in-depth tumor drug delivery and future clinical treatment of solid tumors."

Journal • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer. (PubMed, J Mater Chem B) - "In this strategy, the nanocomposite drug delivery system (Ti3C2@Met@CP) was established via layer by layer adsorption of metformin (Met) and compound polysaccharide (CP) on the surface of Ti3C2 nanosheets...Compound polysaccharide (CP) is a new immunomodulator formed by mixing lentinan, pachymaran and tremella polysaccharides in optimal proportions. Especially, the decoration of CP onto the Ti3C2 nanosheets endows Ti3C2 with a well-defined shell, improves its tumor site aggregation and biocompatibility, and activates the host's immune functions. The synergistic eradication and inhibition of tumor recurrence and metastasis have been systematically evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Immune Modulation • Inflammation • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Transcriptome analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes in response to blue light. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Lentinula edodes is one of the most popular edible mushrooms worldwide and contains important medicinal components such as lentinan, ergosterol, and eritadenine...We identified 8 upregulated genes under blue light condition, such as DDR48-heat shock protein, Fasciclin-domain-containing protein and carbohydrate esterase family 4 protein, FAD NAD-binding domain-containing protein that are involved in morphological development of primordium and embryonic muscle development, cell adhesion and affect the structure of cellulosic and non-cellulosic cell walls of fruit body development, and photoreceptor of blue light signaling for fruit body and pigment development, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of blue light in mushroom growth and development and can thus contribute to breeding programs to improve mushroom cultivation."

Journal

Not a fungi to be with: Shiitake mushroom flagellate dermatitis. (PubMed, Am J Emerg Med) - "Shiitake dermatitis is thought to be either a toxic or hypersensitivity reaction to lentinan, a heat-inactivated polysaccharide found in the cell walls of shiitake mushrooms. Although this mushroom is widely consumed in Eastern Asia, with the increasing globalisation of cuisine and travel, cases are likely to become more common in the Western world."

Journal • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology • Urticaria

Therapeutic effects of lentinan on inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. (PubMed, J Cell Mol Med) - "In addition, lentinan restored the intestinal bacterial microbiotal community structure in IBD model mice. Thus, it shows therapeutic potential in IBD and CAC model mice possibly by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling-mediated inflammatory responses and disruption of the intestinal microbiotal structure."

IO Biomarker • Journal • Colon Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor