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Baloxavir marboxil versus oseltamivir for influenza A in children aged 5 years and older: a community-based prospective cohort study. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "In community-dwelling children with influenza A, baloxavir marboxil was associated with more rapid fever resolution than oseltamivir. Exploratory findings suggested potential benefits regarding viral clearance, complications, healthcare utilization, and tolerability. Because treatment selection was preference-based and open-label, and because influenza A subtype and reduced-susceptibility substitutions were not evaluated, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than causal."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases • CD4 • CD8

Antiviral Resistance in the Genomic Era: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Challenges, and Pharmacogenetic Perspectives. (PubMed, Rev Med Virol) - "Where Influenza virus resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) like oseltamivir has been identified in seasonal strains, most notably the H275Y mutation in H1N1. Consequently, development of these resistant strains demands multidisciplinary strategies, global coordination, effective resistance monitoring systems, and public health initiatives to overcome this phenomenon. The paper aims to present a full picture of the antiviral drug resistance, which may provide better insights for clinicians and researchers."

Biomarker • Journal • Review • Gene Therapies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Anti-influenza and anti-COVID-19 drugs promote bacterial antibiotic cross-resistance through drug-specific adaptive pathways. (PubMed, Environ Pollut) - "Here, we investigated the antibacterial off-target effects of four clinically used anti-IFV/COV drugs-baloxavir acid (BXA), favipiravir (FAV), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r), and oseltamivir phosphate (OSV)-and their potential to influence bacterial stress responses and antibiotic cross-resistance in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Comparative transcriptomic analysis further revealed that cross-resistance did not arise from a universal resistance pathway, but from drug-specific adaptive remodeling, including transporter and metabolic responses under BXA, sporulation/biofilm-associated developmental responses under NMV/r, and a more limited response to OSV. Together, this study provides initial systematic evidence that clinically used anti-IFV/COV drugs can directly perturb bacterial physiology and promote antibiotic cross-resistance under both elevated and environmentally relevant exposure scenarios, identifying antiviral..."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Mid-season influenza virus genetic characterizations in U.S. Department of War populations, 2025-2026. (PubMed, MSMR) - "Antiviral resistance markers for neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir remain rare, with only 2 identified in A(H1N1)pdm09...Analysis of 2025-2026 influenza season data revealed the predominance of subclades A(H1N1)pdm09 D.3.1/D.3.1.1, A(H3N2) K, and B/Victoria C.3.1. Antigenic cartography employing recent candidate vaccine viruses from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed that the World Health Organization's strain recommendations for the 2026-2027 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine provide the best protection against these circulating strains."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Thienopyrroles as Group 2 Influenza A Entry Inhibitors. (PubMed, ACS Med Chem Lett) - "We validated the lead compounds that were potent in pseudovirus against infectious H3N2 strains including an oseltamivir-resistant strain. Lead compounds were counter-screened against other pseudoviruses and found to be selective. Together, these findings establish thieno-[3,2-b]-pyrroles as a promising new scaffold for combating group 2 influenza A viruses."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Post-Exposure Influenza Chemoprophylaxis with Oseltamivir for Five Days vs Ten Days in Acute-Care Hospital: A Randomized Open-Label Study (IDWeek 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Influenza

Oral MDL-001 a Universal Direct Acting Antiviral for Influenza Like Illness(ILI): In Vivo Equivalence or Superiority to Oseltamivir, Nirmatrelvir and Remdesivir, In Vitro Superiority to Ribavirin (IDWeek 2026) - No abstract available

Head-to-Head • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Influenza

Not One Size Fits it All: Applying Expected Utility Theory to Derive Patient-Specific Oseltamivir Prescribing Thresholds (IDWeek 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Infectious Disease

Emergence and spread of NA-I223V and NA-S247N double-mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses with reduced oseltamivir susceptibility in the Netherlands and beyond, 2023 to 2026. (PubMed, Euro Surveill) - "Dutch double mutants from both seasons showed median 12- and 13-fold reduced inhibition by oseltamivir. These findings underscore the need for ongoing genomic and phenotypic monitoring of antiviral susceptibility."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Updated A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus ferret infection model permits refined antiviral assessment using aerosol inhalation challenge. (PubMed, PLoS Pathog) - "To refine this updated model, we performed side-by-side evaluation of oseltamivir antiviral efficacy following traditional intranasal or aerosol inhalation influenza challenges...These findings provide the basis for using an updated A(H1N1)pdm09 challenge virus for ferret studies as an alternative to the commonly used, but now less relevant 2009 early pandemic viruses. It also highlights how different methods of virus inoculation can influence outcomes of ferret antiviral studies, with an aerosol challenge model able to demonstrate differences between therapeutic and prophylactic treatments, which were not apparent with an intranasal challenge model."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Antiviral Resistance Associated With Multiple Mutations Occurring in Seasonal Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in a Patient Treated With Oseltamivir. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "Our case highlights the importance of early diagnosis in respiratory illness and timely detection of drug resistance so that antiviral treatment can be initiated and modified, particularly for high-risk groups. Vaccination and early, carefully dosed antiviral treatment are key to mitigating severe influenza cases, especially in immunocompromised patients."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases • Transplantation

Influenza A Presenting as Life-Threatening Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Following treatment with oseltamivir, renal replacement therapy, and supportive care, the patient experienced progressive biochemical recovery and was discharged without ongoing dialysis requirements...Influenza A should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and AKI during the influenza season. Early antiviral therapy, aggressive supportive care, and timely initiation of renal replacement therapy may be lifesaving."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Musculoskeletal Pain • Myositis • Nephrology • Pain • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • MB

Maternal Influenza Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring. (PubMed, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry) - "Our initial analyses suggested a very small though statistically significant association between maternal influenza infection during pregnancy and offspring ADHD , but sibling-comparison analysis revealed no significant risk, pointing to familial confounding. Additionally, prenatal oseltamivir exposure may not increase ADHD risk, supporting the safety of antiviral management during pregnancy."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases

A HiBiT-Tagged Influenza A Virus Reporter System Reveals Cytokine-Inhibitory Micropeptide 53 as a Modulator of Viral Infection and Immunopathology. (PubMed, Virol Sin) - "Furthermore, although CIM53 enhanced viral replication, its immunomodulatory activity contributed to reduced lung injury and improved survival when combined with Oseltamivir (OSV) treatment in infected mice. Our study establishes a highly practical screening platform for virological research and highlights CIM53 as a potential host-directed adjunct therapy for severe IAV Infection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Host nucleolin-targeting unique peptide drugs as potent broad-spectrum anti-influenza therapies. (PubMed, PNAS Nexus) - "The combination of AGM-380t with oseltamivir resulted in 100% protection from mortality following the deadly IAV challenge. In conclusion, AGM-380d and AGM-380t are highly promising as novel, broad-spectrum host-directed antivirals for the management of seasonal and pandemic influenza."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases • NCL

Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza during 2025. (PubMed, Commun Dis Intell (2018)) - "Of 3,307 samples tested for susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir, 37 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and no influenza viruses tested showed highly reduced inhibition by zanamivir. Of 5,080 samples with sequencing of the polymerase acidic (PA) gene, no genetic markers associated with highly reduced susceptibility to baloxavir marboxil were identified."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

A Case of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid-Induced Pleuropericarditis in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis (ACG 2026) - "He was treated with Tamiflu for Influenza B. Despite treatment, symptoms worsened prompting reevaluation...5-ASA was discontinued and the patient was prescribed a course of steroids and colchicine for pericarditis...Figure: Figure1: Top Row (Lung View), Bottom Row (Mediastinal View): Left: CT Chest, PE Protocol (ED presentation one month after starting therapy); Right: CT Chest, PE Protocol (ED presentation two months after starting therapy) showing large bilateral pleural effusions, large pericardial effusion. Figure: Figure 2: Echocardiogram showing a moderate circumferential pericardial effusion."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Eosinophilia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases • Ulcerative Colitis

POPS or POP02: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=5000 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Duke University | Trial completion date: Jul 2027 ➔ Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2027 ➔ Nov 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Asthma • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Developmental Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Gynecology • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Hemophilia • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Study protocol for a phase II clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of favipiravir injection combined with oseltamivir in influenza treatment. (PubMed, BMJ Open) - "Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and/or presentations at academic conferences. jRCT2031240586."

Clinical protocol • Journal • P2 data • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Oseltamivir for Treatment of Influenza Among Outpatient Veterans: Target Trial Emulation. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "Oseltamivir reduced the risk of hospitalization and ICU admission but not death. Substantial reductions in hospitalization risk were observed in older adults and patients prescribed treatment within 3 hours of diagnosis."

Clinical • Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Pharmacist test-and-treat authority and empirical antibiotic prescribing: Evidence from state Medicaid data. (PubMed, J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)) - "Pharmacist respiratory test-and-treat authority does appear to shape aggregate prescribing patterns at the state level by reducing the rates of antibiotics frequently prescribed empirically for respiratory illnesses. We found no evidence that UTI test-and-treat authority changed prescription patterns nor that oseltamivir prescriptions were affected by respiratory test-and-treat authority."

Journal • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Respiratory Diseases

Diabetic immune dysfunction and severe influenza: A comprehensive narrative review with clinical implications. (PubMed, Ther Adv Infect Dis) - "Selective adjunctive strategies, most notably mTOR inhibition with sirolimus and combination clarithromycin-naproxen-oseltamivir, show early hypothesis-generating signals but require confirmatory trials. This synthesis is intended as hypothesis-generating, not definitive."

Journal • Review • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Diabetes • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Metabolic Disorders • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • CD8

Discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of influenza M1 protein assembly | Poster Board #1233 (ACS-Fall 2026) - "Current influenza antivirals pose significant side effects and face antiviral resistance from pandemic influenza, as seen in oseltamivir and baloxavir. However, there is a new emerging class of capsid-inhibiting antivirals that has demonstrated efficacy in HIV treatment, as exemplified by Lenacapavir...Primary cytotoxicity tests revealed three nontoxic compounds; pharmacokinetic profiling demonstrated low clearance and no observable toxicity in preliminary in vivo assessment. This study establishes M1 conformational modulation as a viable antiviral strategy, supporting the development of capsid-targeting therapeutics with the potential of overcoming resistance associated with current influenza antivirals."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

COMbination therapy with baloxavir and oseltamivir 1 for hospitalized patients with influenza: The pragmatic COMBO 1 randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Antivir Ther) - "Median TCVS with quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was 115.6 and 34.4 hours (p=0.24); % achieving viral negative by RT-qPCR was 33.3% and 75.0% (p=0.28), respectively.ConclusionsCombination therapy with oseltamivir and a single dose of baloxavir was inconclusive with non-significant trends towards shorter median TCVS vs. monotherapy with oseltamivir in hospitalized patients with influenza. Interpretation is limited by small sample size and early termination."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Curtius-Weerman reaction: The formation of dehomologated ketones from alpha-substituted mandelic acid derivatives as a pathway towards substituted carbinol ureas and carbamates | Poster Board #1443 (ACS-Fall 2026) - "The Curtius rearrangement has been applied in the synthesis of important medicinal agents such as Tamiflu, but in terms of its pathways there has not been much recent development...We were able to achieve this key intermediate through a stepwise acyl azide formation from a carboxylic acid, without using the commonly seen diphenyl phosphoryl azide (DPPA). The future goals of this research group include expanding upon the utility of the Curtius rearrangement to push the Weerman degradation to the formation of carbinolamides, carbinol carbamates, and ureas."