Inbrija (levodopa inhalation powder) / Esteve, Biopas Group, Chance Pharma, Merz Pharma - LARVOL DELTA

On-demand therapies-emergency medication or daily routine? (PubMed, J Neural Transm (Vienna)) - "This expert perspective concludes that given the high prevalence and clinical relevance of fluctuations, on-demand therapies may be considered as an integral component of standard PD management rather than solely as a rescue option in rare emergency situations. Implementation may be particularly beneficial for patients experiencing early-morning-OFFs, delayed and no-ONs but also predictable and unpredictable OFFs."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Digital Handwriting Reveals Motor Impairment, Dopaminergic Response, and Progression in Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - "Digital handwriting is an objective digital biomarker for quantifying PD dysgraphia and its response to dopaminergic treatment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Correction: Review of levodopa inhalation powder (Inbrija) for Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Drug Ther Bull) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

INHALE-PD: Real-world Patient Experiences With Inbrija (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=120 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Merz Therapeutics GmbH

New trial • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Clinical Use Patterns and Patient-Reported Experience with Inhaled Levodopa in Routine Practice: A Two-Center Study. (PubMed, Med Sci (Basel)) - "These findings provide relevant insights into the real-world use of inhaled levodopa as an on-demand therapy for OFF episodes in PD. Given the exploratory nature of this study, confirmation in larger prospective studies using validated instruments and objective clinical measures is warranted."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Improvement in Quality of Life and Non-Motor Symptoms Associated With OFF Episodes in People With Parkinson's Disease Treated With Inhaled Levodopa. (PubMed, Eur J Neurol) - "HRQoL and NMS associated with OFF episodes improved in PwP after 12 weeks using CVT-301."

HEOR • Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Spanish expert consensus statement on the use of inhaled levodopa for the treatment of fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Neurologia (Engl Ed)) - "Inhaled LD was deemed a useful, effective, and safe on-demand treatment for OFF episodes in PD."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Inhaled Levodopa for the Management of OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. (PubMed, Pharmacoeconomics) - "Inhaled LD may be an economically dominant treatment strategy when compared with dispersible LD and no-ODT. When compared with SC and SL apomorphine, cost-savings with inhaled LD may outweigh potentially fewer QALYs, resulting in an NMB."

HEOR • Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Review of levodopa inhalation powder (Inbrija) for Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Drug Ther Bull) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Inhaled Levodopa for the Management of OFF Episodes in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-analysis. (PubMed, Neurol Ther) - "Inhaled levodopa demonstrated no statistically significant difference in efficacy with subcutaneous or sublingual apomorphine, however inhaled levodopa had a lower probability of treatment discontinuation due to AEs than subcutaneous apomorphine. These data highlight that inhaled levodopa is a suitable non-invasive and well-tolerated treatment for OFF episodes."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Efficacy of inhaled levodopa by age-based subgroups in patients with Parkinson disease: post hoc analysis of pooled data from three phase III trials (EAN 2026) - "Use of CVT-301 is an effective option for managing OFF episodes in PwP, with consistent motor symptom relief and patient-reported improvement across all ages."

Clinical • P3 data • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Inhaled Levodopa Improves Quality of Life and Non-Motor Symptoms Associated with OFF Episodes in People with Parkinson´s Disease (EAN 2026) - "HRQoL and NMS associated with OFF episodes improved in PwP after 12 weeks using CVT-301."

HEOR • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Usability of Levodopa Cyclops® Compared to INBRIJA® During an off Episode in Parkinson's Disease Patients. (PubMed, J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv) - "The Cyclops® inhaler was more user-friendly during off episodes due to its ease of use and simpler handling. Since the Cyclops® is preloaded, it requires fewer and simpler steps. The preparation steps of Inbrija® posed usability challenges, particularly with opening the peel-off blister packaging of the capsule and assembling the mouthpiece and handle."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Efficacy and safety of inhaled levodopa comparing early and late treatment initiation in patients with Parkinson disease: Post hoc analysis of pooled data from three phase III trials (WPC 2026) - "Most TEAEs were mild across both early- and late-treatment-initiation groups (Table). Conclusion These findings support the use of CVT-301 in PwP as a consistently effective and well-tolerated treatment in both early- and late-treatment-initiation groups."

Clinical • P3 data • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Cough • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Safety of inhaled levodopa by incidence and severity of treatment-related cough and throat irritation in people with Parkinson disease: Post hoc analysis of pooled data from three phase III trials (WPC 2026) - "It is worth noting that during the study, participants were accompanied by healthcare professionals to practice treatment inhalation, which may have resulted in low numbers of TEAEs. It is recognized that PwP may require practice to use CVT-301 in a real-world setting."

Clinical • P3 data • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Cough • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Understanding the lived experience of OFF periods and usability of a novel inhaled therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD): Insights from a patient focus group (WPC 2026) - "The objective of this meeting was to gather insights from patients with PD and their caregivers across three interconnected themes: the lived experience of OFF periods, reactions to an inhaled treatment recently launched in the UK [levodopa inhalation powder] and preferences for educational support... Novel insights from this PD patient focus group highlight the complex experience of OFF periods and the critical need for accessible education and support. The inhaled device was generally viewed positively by patients as an on-demand option for treating OFF periods, provided it is supported by accessible patient-centered training. Disclosures: Preparation of this abstract was supported by Merz Therapeutics, Global Medical Affairs."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Merz Therapeutics Presents New Research at World Parkinson Congress 2026, Revealing the Hidden Burden of "OFF" Episodes in Parkinson’s Disease (Businesswire) - "A pooled analysis of 437 people with Parkinson’s disease from three Phase III trials demonstrated that levodopa inhalation powder (INBRIJA) provides consistent and rapid motor improvement for people who had been experiencing OFF episodes for a shorter time (<2 years) as well as a longer time (≥2 years) before initiation of therapy, with mean UPDRS-III score reductions of -14.3 and -14.8, respectively....A dedicated safety analysis confirmed a favorable tolerability profile, showing that treatment-emergent adverse events, primarily cough and throat irritation, were mostly mild with no dose-dependent increase in severity. Furthermore, after 60 weeks of treatment, the probability of a patient remaining free of treatment-related cough was 84.7%."

Retrospective data • Review • Parkinson's Disease

Efficacy and Safety of CVT-301 in Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-analysis (AAN 2026) - "Conclusions CVT-301 35/50 mg provides the most consistent efficacy, while higher doses such as 84 mg increase respiratory risk. Dose-specific analyses may better inform clinical use of inhaled levodopa in Parkinson’s disease."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Inhaled levodopa in Parkinson´s disease with motor fluctuations: post-commercialization experience in two movement disorders units. (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Inhaled Levodopa for Managing OFF Episodes in Patients With Parkinson's Disease (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "After discontinuing treatment, patients received a basket of subsequent therapies including apomorphine, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel and deep brain stimulation. The base-case results demonstrate inhaled levodopa is associated with 6.648 quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and £153,378 total costs. The cost-effectiveness analysis results, alongside the NMB, indicate inhaled levodopa could be a cost-saving alternative in the management of OFF episodes in PD patients for the UK population."

Clinical • Cost effectiveness • HEOR • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Comparative Efficacy Safety and Discontinuation of Inhaled Levodopa for Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Inhaled levodopa, APO-SC, and APO-SL have comparable efficacy in reduction in OFF time, change in UPDRS-III score, and improvement in PGI-C score. Although the AE rates are comparable, the probability of treatment discontinuation due to AEs is significantly higher for APO-SC compared to inhaled levodopa."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

An In Vitro-In Vivo Comparison of Two Levodopa Dry Powder Products for Inhalation: A Randomized Trial Comparing Inbrija and Levodopa Cyclops. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - " This suggests that the systemic absorption of levodopa via the lungs is not limited by dissolution but most likely by its permeation rate. This finding underscores the need to critically apply in vitro tests and critically interpret the results for predicting the in vivo performance of inhaled products."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Opportunities for and Challenges of Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Management of Acute Exacerbations of CNS Disorders. (PubMed, CNS Drugs) - "In this review, the potential of PM delivery to address this gap in the management of acute CNS disorders is critically assessed, focusing on Staccato® (loxapine) for agitation, Inbrija® (levodopa) for PD, the investigational drug inhaler device Staccato® (alprazolam) for epilepsy, and other investigational drug inhaler devices. In particular, for epilepsy, on-demand medication that may be administered by patients or caregivers early at seizure onset may translate to improved patient outcomes. To enhance PM management of acute exacerbations of CNS disorders, further research and user training for optimal PM administration are required."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Insomnia • Migraine • Movement Disorders • Pain • Parkinson's Disease • Sleep Disorder

The on-going quest for a long-acting oral form of levodopa. (PubMed, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol) - "Among these new administration routes, inhaled levodopa and continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa stand out as the most studied and less invasive options. However, with adverse effects associated to each solution, it is important to find approaches that are adapted to each patient."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Overcoming Absorption Issues: Success with Inhaled Levodopa in a Gastrectomized PD Patient. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease