gemfibrozil / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Activation of PPARα by gemfibrozil lowers tau-associated neuropathology in the MAPT mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed, Brain Res) - "These data suggest that neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in MAPT mice is mediated by PPARα. Moreover, targeting PPARα by small molecules like gemfibrozil may hold translational potential against tauopathy."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • DLG4 • MAPT • PPARA

Integrative Toxicology Profiling of Thuja sutchuenensis Essential Oil: From LD50 Safety Assessment to Hepatic Apoptosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation. (PubMed, Food Sci Nutr) - "Metabolomics detected 611 differential metabolites (log2FC ≥ 2, p < 0.05); representative changes were Picric acid and Gemfibrozil 1-O-beta-Glucuronide, consistent with oxidative stress...The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of TEO in mice was found to be approximately 3800 mg/kg. These findings provide a foundation for further studies on the protective effects and potential applications of TEO."

Journal • CYP3A4 • PPARG

Combined impacts of a lipid lowering drug, gemfibrozil, and temperature on bioenergetics and digestive gland function of a marine bivalve Mytilus edulis. (PubMed, Aquat Toxicol) - "Moderate warming partly offsets energetic costs by enhancing filtration and energy acquisition but does not reverse cellular and tissue-level damage in the digestive gland. These results indicate that warming coastal seas may buffer some functional consequences of fibrate exposure while allowing persistent sub-lethal pathology, with implications for long-term ecological risk to marine ecosystems from lipid-lowering drugs."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • CTSD

Unraveling the Function of PPARα in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Potential Pathway to Novel Therapies. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "Indicatively, gemfibrozil (PPARα agonist) markedly reduced the beta-amyloid burden, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice and ameliorated their spatial learning and memory. Fenofibrate (PPARα agonist) reduced the depressive-like behavior and memory deficits in rotenone-lesioned rats developing Parkinsonism...Although current findings are promising, they underscore the necessity of further rigorous clinical validation of the efficacy of various PPARα agonists in the retardation or even prevention of AD and PD symptomatology in both genders and the development of reliable biomarkers for the early assessment of the impact of PPARα agonists on NDs. The safety of these drugs in the elderly and their longitudinal effectiveness should also be evaluated."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • PPARA

Lipid-Lowering Therapy Is Underutilized Across LDL-C Levels in Autoimmune Disease Compared to Diabetes: A Nationwide Analysis (AHA 2025) - "Statins included atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin. Non-statin therapies included icosapent ethyl, colesevelam, alirocumab, evolocumab, Bempedoic acid, cholestyramine, Inclisiran, colestipol, ezetimibe, gemfibrozil, omega-3 acid, fenofibrate...Non-statin lipid-lowering therapy use was significantly lower in autoimmune patients compared to those with diabetes across all LDL-C tertiles, with the largest differences observed at LDL <70 mg/dL (6.19% vs 10.24%, p<0.0001) and 70–99 mg/dL (4.05% vs 7.06%, p<0.0001).ConclusionDespite comparable ASCVD risk, patients with autoimmune disease are significantly less likely to receive statins or non-statin lipid-lowering therapy than those with DM across LDL-C levels. These findings show a need for improved cardiovascular prevention in this high-risk population."

Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A QSPR study of coronary artery disease drugs using eccentricity-based indices. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "This study advances QSPR modeling by using eccentricity-based graphical invariants, specifically designed to enhance the predictive accuracy for physicochemical properties of drugs used to treat coronary artery disease, including atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, aspirin, clopidogrel, metoprolol, atenolol, enalapril, lisinopril, amlodipine, diltiazem, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, ranolazine, gemfibrozil, and fenofibrate. The experimental values were compared with forecasted data, revealing a strong correlation between them. This demonstrates the reliability of our regression models in assessing these vital physicochemical parameters."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease

Bezafibrate, a Pan PPAR agonist, attenuates experimental rheumatoid arthritis via PPAR dependent modulation of inflammatory pathways with emphasis on PPAR γ activity. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "Initially, molecular docking was performed using a panel of fibrate-class compounds (including pemafibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and clofibrate) against the ligand-binding domain of PPAR-γ (PDB ID: 7WGO). These findings suggest that bezafibrate, selected through integrative computational and pharmacological screening, effectively ameliorates experimental autoimmune arthritis via PPAR-γ activation. This highlights its promise as a repurposed therapeutic candidate and warrants further investigation."

Journal • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Successful Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist in Patient With Recurrent Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis: A Case Report (ACG 2025) - "Her history included >25 hospitalizations for HTG-AP, with persistently elevated TG (up to 10,500 mg/dL) despite aggressive interventions, including maximum-dose lipid-lowering agents (gemfibrozil, orlistat, pravastatin), ileal bypass, and plasmapheresis. Two months prior, she started liraglutide therapy (0.6 mg/day), which significantly improved symptoms and prevented HTG-AP recurrence...Remarkably, the patient's most recent TG level of approximately 400 mg/dL represents the lowest value recorded in over a decade (Figure 1), indicating a clinically significant and sustained TG-lowering effect. This favorable response highlights the importance of individualized, patient-centered care and challenges conventional contraindications.Figure: Figure 1: Trend of serum triglyceride and lipase levels over time"

Case report • Clinical • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Hypertriglyceridemia • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Pancreatitis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • LPL

Fibrates as an Adjunct Therapy in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (ACG 2025) - "Cohort A was also prescribed an additional fibrate (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, or ciprofibrate); Cohort B received UDCA monotherapy. The fibrate cohort had higher baseline total cholesterol (212.7 ± 90.0 vs 191.5 ± 66.7 mg/dL, p 0.05). Over a five-year period, fibrate and UCDA-only patients did not differ in the incidence of MACE (HR 1.09, 0.91-1.29, p = 0.35), no individual MACE components (all p-values > 0.05) , or all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 0.73-1.16, p = 0.47). In this large U.S. real-world cohort, adding a fibrate to UDCA did not significantly increase MACE or mortality despite a more atherogenic lipid profile at baseline. The modest, nonsignificant excess in event rates likely reflects residual confounding from patients selected for fibrate therapy because of dyslipidemia."

Adverse events • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Fibrates as an Adjunct Therapy in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Is Associated With Lower Hospitalization and Healthcare Utilization: A Propensity-Matched Analysis (ACG 2025) - "Introduction: Fibrates is considered a second line agent for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and improves biochemical responses in PBC patients not responding to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)...Cohort A was also prescribed additional fibrate (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, or ciprofibrate); Cohort B was on UDCA monotherapy... Over five years, fibrate patients were less likely to develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (2.0 % vs. 1.1%, HR 0.52, 0.29-0.92), and had fewer incidences of all-cause hospitalizations ( 26.7 % vs. 21.8%, HR 0.75, 0.65-0.86)."

Clinical • HEOR • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Fibrosis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Osteoporosis • Primary Biliary Cholangitis • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor

Not all fibrates are made equal: Learning from biology and clinical trials. (PubMed, Atherosclerosis) - "However, only fenofibrate appears to reduce apoB, whereas gemfibrozil and pemafibrate do not. Real-world efficacy studies and CVD outcome trials have shown that fenofibrate may be an option in combination with statins compared to other fibrates and is well tolerated. Additionally, evidence from real-world studies of the fenofibrate-statin combination in patients over a period of up to 20 years has dispelled safety concerns regarding long-term use of fenofibrate."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • APOB

MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDAEMIA IN PREGNANCY: REPORT OF TWO CASES (FIGO 2025) - " We report two patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia in pregnancy who were successfully managed with a supervised fasting regime, high-dose omega-3 fish oil, gemfibrozil and IV insulin infusion... With appropriate precautions and monitoring, IV insulin can be safely and effectively employed in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia in pregnancy regardless of whether they have underlying diabetes."

Clinical • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Gestational Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Pancreatitis • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

Can fibrate therapy redefine the management of diabetic retinopathy? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety. (PubMed, J Diabetes Complications) - "Fibrates significantly reduce both the incidence and long-term progression of diabetic retinopathy. Safety analyses revealed no significant difference between placebo and fibrates in reducing serious adverse events or all-cause mortality. What is known about this research topic? What this study adds and its future implications."

Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders

Degradation of Typical PPCPs During Anaerobic Digestion and in Soil. (PubMed, Toxics) - "Soil physicochemical properties significantly influenced PPCP degradation rates. Gemfibrozil warrants immediate attention due to its poor degradation; the five PPCPs presenting moderate concern-namely carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, naproxen, and triclosan-require further risk assessment, while sulfamethoxydiazine, megestrol acetate, and progesterone pose low persistence risk according to current evidence."

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Development, Optimization, and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-Solid Phase Extraction Procedure for the Analysis of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Vegetable Samples. (PubMed, J Food Sci) - "The enhanced molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) approach investigates the extraction of selected pharmaceuticals, fenoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and gemfibrozil in vegetables. The pepper sample (1.25) surpassed the HI threshold value of 1, reflecting the health indicator risk associated with the consumption of peppers available within the area. The health risk assessment (HRI) values spanned from 0.00012 to 0.83 for both adults and children, suggesting no health risk associated with the consumption of these vegetables."

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Pirfenidone-induced skin hyperpigmentation in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case report (EADV 2025) - "Other chronic medications included losartan, atenolol, acetylsalicylic acid, sitagliptin, gemfibrozil and omeprazole. Photoprotective measures are essential for both preventing and treating cutaneous AEs caused by pirfenidone, a survival-modifying drug in IPF whose routine withdrawal should be avoided."

Case report • Clinical • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Dermatology • Diabetes • Hypertension • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Steven-Johnson Syndrome • TNFA

Gemfibrozil's cytotoxicity and DNA protection: PPAR-α agonism overrides genotoxicity in lymphocytes. (PubMed, Arch Toxicol) - "Molecular docking demonstrated weak DNA binding (ΔG =  -5.93 kcal/mol) compared to mitomycin C (ΔG =  -7.25 kcal/mol), but strong PPAR-α affinity (ΔG =  -7.40 kcal/mol). Despite a low genotoxic risk of GMF in vitro. In vivo studies are critical to confirm safety."

Journal • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • PPARA

Antiepileptic drugs and lipid-lowering agents in surface water in Colombia: occurrence, ecological threat, and removal strategies. (PubMed, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int) - "The findings revealed the presence of antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine (CBZ), 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine (CBZ-Diol), and gabapentin (GBP). Detected lipid-lowering agents included fenofibric acid (FFA) and gemfibrozil (GFZ)...Findings underscore the need for pharmaceutical monitoring and management in water sources. Removing these compounds remains challenging due to their variable removal patterns, necessitating the development of effective mitigation strategies."

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Pemafibrate treatment produces antidepressant-like effects in CUMS and CRS models through activation of hippocampal PPARa and BDNF signaling. (PubMed, Int J Neuropsychopharmacol) - "Pemafibrate exerts antidepressant-like effects in both CUMS and CRS mouse models by promoting hippocampal PPARα and BDNF signaling."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry • PPARA

Sensitive identification of 500 pesticides, pharmaceuticals in irrigated soils using reclaimed water via direct injection and Ion Trap-Enhanced Q-TOF-MS (ACS-Fall 2025) - "The most frequently found substances included furosemide, gemfibrozil, and hydrochlorothiazide, with caffeine reaching concentrations as high as 3833 ppt.In soil, procedural calibration effectively compensated for low recoveries. Additionally, pesticides such as azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, tebuconazole, and terbutryn were consistently found in every sample, each at a minimum of 0.5 ppb. The integration of TOF MS with Multiple Reaction Monitoring High-Resolution enhances both identification and quantification, making this approach highly effective for environmental contaminant monitoring."

Reduced Muscle Loss in Patients With NSCLC Taking Fibrates: Findings From a Retrospective Observational Study. (PubMed, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle) - "Patients with NSCLC taking fibrates at the time of diagnosis lost less muscle area over time. In a secondary analysis, this change was not associated with a change in overall survival, though this study was likely underpowered for this analysis."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Anorexia • Cachexia • Dyslipidemia • Lung Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • PPARA

Effects of Atorvastatin and Gemfibrozil on Mice Corpus Cavernosum In Vitro. (PubMed, Fundam Clin Pharmacol) - "Mouse corpus cavernosum tissues are dissected under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia...No change was observed in responses of the tissues to acetylcholine, nitroprusside, and electrical field stimulation when incubated with atorvastatin or gemfibrozil...Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil caused these effects via endothelial nitric oxide. When all the results are evaluated, not only did the two drugs show no unfavorable effects, but they may also have some beneficial effects on erectile functions."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Erectile Dysfunction

Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy Treated With Metreleptin in a Patient With Total Body Irradiation and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (ENDO 2025) - "The patient was treated with statin, fish oil, gemfibrozil, Humulin R U-500 insulin, insulin pump, pioglitazone, and multiple oral hypoglycemic agents, and her metabolic complications were refractory to these standard therapies. Childhood cancer survivors with a history of TBI and HSCT can develop acquired lipodystrophy with associated metabolic complications later in life. This case demonstrates the role of metreleptin in improving insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles in a patient with AGL."

Clinical • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Fibrosis • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatology • Hypertriglyceridemia • Immunology • Lipodystrophy • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Pain • Rare Diseases • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy Treated With Metreleptin in a Patient With Total Body Irradiation and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (ENDO 2025) - "The patient was treated with statin, fish oil, gemfibrozil, Humulin R U-500 insulin, insulin pump, pioglitazone, and multiple oral hypoglycemic agents, and her metabolic complications were refractory to these standard therapies. Childhood cancer survivors with a history of TBI and HSCT can develop acquired lipodystrophy with associated metabolic complications later in life. This case demonstrates the role of metreleptin in improving insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles in a patient with AGL."

Clinical • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Fibrosis • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatology • Hypertriglyceridemia • Immunology • Lipodystrophy • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Pain • Rare Diseases • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Advances in Diagnosis, Pathological Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Future Therapeutic Perspectives in Tay-Sachs Disease. (PubMed, Neurol Int) - "Certain compounds, such as gemfibrozil, have shown potential to slow symptom progression. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are essential to improving quality of life, although therapeutic options remain limited due to the progressive nature of the disease."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Gene Therapies • Genetic Disorders • Lysosomal Storage Diseases • Metabolic Disorders • Vascular Neurology