Adlyxin (lixisenatide) / Zealand Pharma, Sanofi, Royalty - LARVOL DELTA

CER-4-T2D: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=781430 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 ➔ Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 ➔ Jan 2026

HEOR • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Assessing the shadows: A meta-analysis of GLP-1 agonists and suicidal ideation. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "No significant statistical difference was found between GLP-1 agonists and other obesity and diabetes drugs regarding suicide/suicidal ideation. In a subgroup analysis, suicide was higher in patients on liraglutide compared to semaglutide, with no significant difference between semaglutide and monjaro. Randomized controlled trials that assess the association between GLP-1 agonists and suicidality are highly recommended."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

GLP-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: endocrine pathways, clinical evidence, and future directions. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "Early clinical trials in AD have produced mixed cognitive signals, though they have shown intriguing biological effects, such as preserved cerebral glucose metabolism with liraglutide on FDG-PET scans. In contrast, the evidence in PD has been more consistent, with agents like exenatide and lixisenatide demonstrating motor benefits, although one trial with a pegylated exendin (NLY01) did not meet its primary endpoint. The definitive test will come from large, ongoing phase 3 programs, such as the EVOKE and EVOKE+ trials for semaglutide. Should these trials are successful, GLP-1RAs could become a cornerstone of earlier, mechanism-based intervention strategies for neurodegenerative diseases."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Obesity • Parkinson's Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Advances in Neurological Therapies: A Review of Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, Am J Med) - "In Alzheimer's disease, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (donanemab, lecanemab) achieved regulatory approval, establishing a new treatment paradigm despite modest efficacy and risks of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). In Parkinson's disease, GLP-1 receptor agonists (lixisenatide) demonstrated the first convincing disease modification signals in Phase II trials...Collectively, these findings herald a new era of disease-modifying therapy in neurology, though current gains remain limited and dependent on biomarker stratification and safety monitoring. The challenge ahead is translating these successes into accessible, sustainable clinical benefits."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Parkinson's Disease

Exploring the Evidence for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, J Pers Med) - " We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from the earliest available records to 18 August 2025 using the following Boolean search terms: "miRNA AND gliclazide", "miRNA AND glibenclamide", "miRNA AND gliquidone", "miRNA AND glimepiride", "mirRNA AND metformin", "miRNA AND pioglitazone", "miRNA AND rosiglitazone", "miRNA AND sitagliptin", "miRNA AND vildagliptin", "miRNA AND alogliptin", "miRNA and saxagliptin", "miRNA AND linagliptin", "miRNA AND liraglutide", "miRNA and dulaglutide", "miRNA AND semaglutide", "miRNA AND tirzepatide", "miRNA AND lixisenatide", "miRNA AND empagliflozin", "miRNA AND dapagliflozin", miRNA AND insulin glargine", "miRNA AND insulin detemir", "miRNA AND insulin degludec", "miRNA AND..."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Seizure recurrence after GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation in adults with epilepsy. (PubMed, Epilepsia) - "In this large multinational cohort, GLP-1 RA initiation was associated with reduced risks of seizure recurrence, hospitalization, and mortality compared with other glucose-lowering therapies. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant confirmation in prospective studies before translation into clinical practice."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Reduce Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (AHA 2025) - "For all-cause dementia versus control according to the SUCRA: albiglutide (RR: 0.03, 95% CrI: 0.00 to 0.08; SUCRA: 94.4%), lixisenatide (RR: 0.08, 95% CrI: 0.00 to 0.20; SUCRA: 93.62%), efpeglenatide (RR: 0.24, 95% CrI: 0.00 to 1.38; SUCRA: 70.09%), canagliflozin (RR: 0.31, 95% CrI: 0.01 to 1.47; SUCRA: 61.81%), semaglutide (RR: 0.50, 95% CrI: 0.03 to 1.98; SUCRA: 50.06%), liraglutide (RR: 2.12, 95% CrI: 0.02 to 9.89; SUCRA: 41.91%), empagliflozin (RR: 0.68, 95% CrI: 0.05 to 2.35; SUCRA: 39.63%), exenatide (RR: 4.13, 95% CrI: 0.02 to 20.28; SUCRA: 35.41%), dulaglutide (RR: 3.38, 95% CrI: 0.03 to 15.72; SUCRA: 32.89%), dapagliflozin (RR: 1.19, 95% CrI: 0.09 to 4.96; SUCRA: 30.37%), ertugliflozin (RR: 6.79, 95% CrI: 0.02 to 29.23; SUCRA: 30.1%), control (SUCRA: 19.67%). GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is reduce dementia risk, with albiglutide and lixisenatide excelling for all-cause dementia, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin for vascular dementia, and dulaglutide for Alzheimer's...."

Retrospective data • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Evaluation of metformin, insulin, lixisenatide, and photobiomodulation treatments in two model of diabetic retinopathy. (Neuroscience 2025) - "In db/db mice, PBM also led to a reduction in neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, comparable to the effects observed with semaglutide treatment. These findings highlight PBM as a promising complementary therapy that could enhance the efficacy of existing pharmacological approaches for diabetic retinopathy."

CNS Disorders • GFAP

Examining the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease reveals functional benefits and reduction in neuroinflammation (Neuroscience 2025) - "GO analysis showed a reduction of inflammatory signalling and astrocyte-related pathways among the rescued genes in both brain regions. In summary, we found that GLP-1R agonists, Lixisenatide and Semaglutide, were effective in rescuing PD-like phenotypes, reducing alpha-Synuclein pathology, and decreasing neuroinflammation."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Trends in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Prescribing in England: A Data Analysis Using NHS Prescription Episodes Statistics (PES) (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Adults (≥18 years) with at least one GLP-1 receptor agonist prescription (dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, or trizepatide) from 2021 to 2024 were included. This analysis highlights significant growth in GLP-1 receptor agonist use and prescribing costs in England. Semaglutide has emerged as the dominant agent, with trizepatide showing similar potential, indicating shifting prescribing patterns. The findings underscore the growing significance of GLP-1 therapies in managing obesity and diabetes; a trend likely to continue."

Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Dietary Intake in People Using Glucagon-Like-Receptor Agonists (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - "GLP-1 medication data was collected prior to approval of newer GLP-1s indicated for weight management and included lixisenatide (0.8%), albiglutide (2.4%), semaglutide (5.5%), dulaglutide (19.7%), exenatide (28.3%), and liraglutide (43.3%). People using GLP-1s had more significant nutrient gaps in fiber, copper, niacin, and iron compared to people not using GLP-1s. More than 45% of the people surveyed using GLP-1s did not meet recommended intakes for protein and several essential nutrients. Because this study was limited to analysis of mostly older generation GLP-1s, more data is needed to assess dietary intake using the newer generation of GLP-1s indicated for weight loss where energy intake is significantly impacted."

Metabolic Disorders

GLP-1 Agonist Medications Decrease Sexual Desire: A Biopsychosocial Model for Why We Don't 'See' It (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - "Background: While prevailing assumptions suggest that improved body image and erectile function, even in people with diabetes, associated with GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy), liraglutide (Victoza/Saxenda), dulaglutide (Trulicity), exenatide (Byetta), lixisenatide (Adlyxin)) would correlate with heightened sexual desire and function, there is limited literature on the underlying biological effects of GLP-1 agonists on hedonistic pleasures such as sex. Failing to systematically measure and report on sexual desire and downstream function as a potential adverse outcome of GLP-1 agonist use neglects an essential aspect of patient well-being. Analyzing the unique interplay of the biopsychosocial implications of GLP-1 agonists is novel and important. We recognize that our theoretical model is rooted in a chain of substantiated assumptions."

Biopsy • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

A Closer Look at FDA Trials: Safety and Efficacy of GLP-1 vs Non-GLP-1 for Obesity and Diabetes (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - " We reviewed US FDA Medical and Statistical reports (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/), focusing on approved GLP-1 weight loss (WM) drugs liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and non-GLP-1 agents orlistat, phentermine/topiramate. We also reviewed GLP-1 type 2 diabetes (T2D) drugs semaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, lixisenatide, albiglutide... This review of FDA medical and statistical reports suggests that GLP-1 agents, when compared to non-GLP-1 medications for weight management and to placebo in both weight loss and Type 2 diabetes trials, are associated with comparable or lower mortality rates and greater weight reduction. Mortality per patient-exposure year was consistently lower in treatment groups receiving GLP-1 agents. Weight loss outcomes were also more pronounced with GLP-1 therapies across indications."

Clinical • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - " Registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251050613), the review included RCTs, cohort and case-control studies, and pharmacovigilance reports on semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, or lixisenatide used before or during the first trimester. GLP-1 RAs are not recommended during pregnancy due to risks such as spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia. Insulin remains the treatment of choice in pregnant individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1 RAs offer preconception metabolic benefits, current evidence does not support their use during gestation."

Review • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Gestational Diabetes • Gynecology • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

One-year usage patterns of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes in a real-world population. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "Distinct clinical and biochemical characteristics are associated with poor adherence versus discontinuation. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing targeted strategies to improve sustained use, ultimately enhancing treatment outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Clinical Outcomes in Non-Diabetic Patients with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study (AHA 2025) - "Patients prescribed GLP-1 RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, albiglutide) were compared to GLP-1-naïve PPCM controls. In this large real-world cohort of non-diabetic PPCM patients, GLP-1 RA use was associated with reduced heart failure events, improved LVEF, and better survival over 5 years without increased adverse events. These findings support further investigation into GLP-1 RAs as a potential cardioprotective therapy in PPCM."

Clinical data • Retrospective data • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Pancreatitis

Targeting Cerebrovascular Risk in Diabetes: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists as Neuroprotective Agents (AHA 2025) - "Agent-specific effects and subgroup analyses in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) were also evaluated.A total of thirteen trials involving liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide, and efpeglenatide were analyzed. In adults with T2D, GLP-1 RA therapy significantly lowers the risk of nonfatal stroke, especially with dulaglutide and semaglutide, while no definitive reduction in stroke-related death was detected. These findings support preferential GLP-1 RA selection for cerebrovascular risk reduction in high-risk diabetic populations"

Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Polygenic Modification of Weight Loss Response to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (AHA 2025) - "Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarize genetic susceptibility to obesity and predict weight trajectories, but their role in modifying GLP-1 RA treatment responses is unclear.MethodsUsing data from the of the nationwide NIH All of Us study, we matched participants prescribed any GLP-1RA (Albiglutide, Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Liraglutide, Lixisenatide, Semaglutide, Tirzepatide) to untreated participants in a 1:5 ratio by time at treatment, sex, age, education, income, deprivation index, and baseline weight...There was also a significant PRS × treatment interaction (β = -0.38 kg excess weight loss per BMI PRS SD; P=0.02).ConclusionGLP-1RA treatment led to greater weight loss in those with higher obesity PRS, suggesting enhanced benefit among genetically susceptible individuals. These findings support integrating PRS into personalized obesity treatment strategies."

Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

GLP-1 Analogues and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis (AHA 2025) - "A pairwise network meta-analysis using a random effects model compared GLP-1 RAs (Albiglutide, Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Liraglutide, Lixisenatide, Semaglutide, Tirzepatide) to placebo, assessing relative risk and P-scores for efficacy ranking was performed on R programming.Twelve randomized controlled trials with 15,761 heart failure patients were included (mean age 64 years, follow-up 24-280 weeks).For MACE, no drug showed a significant effect. In HF patients, GLP-1 RAs differ in their cardiovascular benefit profiles. Tirzepatide demonstrated maximum benefit in reducing HF hospitalizations, and Semaglutide showed promising results in lowering CV mortality; however no therapy appeared to be effective for MACE. These findings support personalized GLP-1 RAs selection based on patient-specific cardiovascular risk profiles and treatment priorities in comprehensive heart failure management."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Show Varied Impact on Venous Thromboembolism Risk: A Comprehensive Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (AHA 2025) - "GLP-1RAs exhibit varied VTE risks, with liraglutide showing the highest risk for VTE, and albiglutide for PE. Dulaglutide and lixisenatide appear safer for DVT and PE, respectively."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hematological Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Respiratory Diseases • Venous Thromboembolism

Use Of Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists In Non Diabetic Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy (AHA 2025) - "Patients were stratified based on GLP-1 receptor agonist use (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, tirzepatide, pramlintide)...In this real-world, propensity-matched study of non-diabetic patients with DCM, GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with substantial reductions in 1-year mortality, hospitalization, MI, and HF exacerbation. Although a 3-year follow-up window was available, median follow-up (~11 months) supported 1 year as the most reliable endpoint. Limitations include lack of LVEF or biomarker data, unmeasured confounding, and inability to confirm long-term medication adherence or persistence."

Clinical • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction

Comparative Risk of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Among Patients Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Real-World Analysis Using TriNetX (ACG 2025) - "Intermediate risks were observed for exenatide (0.048%), dulaglutide (0.047%), liraglutide (0.055%), and lixisenatide (0.073%)... A total of 2,305,630 patients were analyzed. The incidence of SIBO varied across the different GLP-1 receptor agonist agents. Albiglutide demonstrated the highest risk (0.156%), while tirzepatide showed the lowest (0.022%)."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders

Comparative Risk of Pancreatic Pseudocyst Among Users of GLP-1 RAs: Findings From a Large-Scale EHR-Based Study (ACG 2025) - "Adult patients 18- 90 years with at least 6 months of GLP-1 RA exposure prescribed for diabetes, obesity, PCOS, metabolic syndrome or weight loss... Among 2,666,800 patients, the overall risk of developing a pancreatic pseudocyst was low, with notable variation by specific medication. Tirzepatide was associated with the lowest observed risk at 0.143% (737 cases among 516,978 patients), followed by semaglutide at 0.334% (3,817/1,142,264), dulaglutide at 0.605% (3,243/536,042), liraglutide at 0.723% (2,479/342,996), lixisenatide at 0.755% (114/15,097), exenatide at 0.935% (990/105,875), and albiglutide at 0.941% (71/7,548). Patients on newer agents (semaglutide, tirzepatide) demonstrated a substantially lower risk of pseudocyst formation compared to those on older agents (albiglutide, exenatide)."

Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Pancreatitis • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE RISK OF ASTHMA INCIDENCE: A COMPREHENSIVE BAYESIAN NETWORK META-ANALYSIS (CHEST 2025) - "For the reduction of asthma incidence, Semaglutide ranked highest (RR: 0.20, 95% CrI: 0.01 to 2.08; SUCRA: 84.83%), compared to Control (SUCRA: 44.9%), with Liraglutide ranked second (RR: 0.55, 95% CrI: 0.08 to 4.07; SUCRA: 64.4%). Other interventions included Exenatide (RR: 0.56, 95% CrI: 0.07 to 4.57; SUCRA: 63.57%), Lixisenatide (RR: 0.56, 95% CrI: 0.06 to 5.00; SUCRA: 63.08%), Cotadutide (RR: 0.81, 95% CrI: 0.05 to 39.67; SUCRA: 50.67%), Efpeglenatide (RR: 1.08, 95% CrI: 0.09 to 16.37; SUCRA: 43.95%), Dulaglutide (RR: 1.52, 95% CrI: 0.20 to 11.46; SUCRA: 32.65%), Albiglutide (RR: 1.77, 95% CrI: 0.24 to 12.90; SUCRA: 28.16%) and Tirzepatide (RR: 2.81, 95% CrI: 0.18– 115.35; SUCRA: 23.77%)... In conclusion, our Bayesian network meta-analysis demonstrates that Semaglutide is the most effective GLP-1 receptor agonist in reducing asthma incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes. In contrast, Tirzepatide and Albiglutide were associated with an increased risk of asthma...."

Retrospective data • Asthma • Diabetes • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Respiratory Diseases • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mortality and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Psoriatic Arthritis (ACR Convergence 2025) - "We compared psoriatic arthritis patients on GLP-1 RAs (Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Exenatide, Lixisenatide), with psoriatic arthritis patients not on GLP-1 RAs. Psoriatic arthritis patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists have lower risk of developing major adverse cardiac events, and have reduced mortality compared to psoriatic arthritis patients not taking GLP-1 receptor agonists. GLP-1 receptor agonists may be a promising adjunct in the management of patients with inflammatory arthritis, who have comorbidities including obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms underlying these outcomes and to confirm the long-term benefits of GLP-1 RAs."

Adverse events • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Psoriasis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus