nitazoxanide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

First-Principles Modeling of Nitazoxanide Analogues as Prospective PFOR-Targeted Antibacterials. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Strategic halogenation introduces a σ-hole interaction near Pro-29, tightening pose geometry without disrupting the donor network; the lead analogue yields -10.1 kcal·mol-1, and two others match the reference by preserving the triad and hydrophobic belt. The result is a minimal, testable recipe-retain the phenolic donor, enforce Thr-997/Cys-840 and Phe-869, and add a calibrated halogen σ-hole-offering falsifiable predictions to surpass nitazoxanide and guiding synthesis and biophysical validation in targeted PFOR inhibition."

Journal

Assessing the function of the alternative electron transport chain in the Cryptosporidium parvum mitosome. (PubMed, mBio) - "The only FDA-approved drug against cryptosporidiosis, nitazoxanide, has limited effectiveness in immunocompromised patients and is not approved for use in children under 1 year...However, our study demonstrated that NDH2 is not localized in the mitosome, AOX is non-essential for parasite growth, and knockout lines lacking this enzyme are equally sensitive to AOX inhibitors. These findings indicate that AOX and NDH2 are not ideal candidates for future drug development against cryptosporidiosis and force a re-evaluation of models of how the mitosome generates its membrane potential."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Toxic agranulocytosis following nitazoxanide treatment for norovirus diarrhea in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and review of literature. (PubMed, World J Transplant) - "This case highlights the potential of nitazoxanide to induce dose-dependent toxic agranulocytosis. While this adverse effect does not necessarily contraindicate reintroduction of the drug, it underscores the necessity for close hematological monitoring in such cases."

Journal • Agranulocytosis • Granulocytopenia • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Neutropenia • Transplantation

Repurposing Disulfiram in a Promising Combination Therapy for Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Mice. (PubMed, Acta Trop) - "Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is currently the only FDA-approved drug for cryptosporidiosis, yet its efficacy is significantly reduced in immunosuppressed hosts. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed full epithelial regeneration only in the dual therapy group, with intact microvilli, normal mitochondria, and restored cellular junctions. In conclusion, disulfiram, particularly when combined with NTZ, demonstrated enhanced anti-cryptosporidial efficacy and may serve as a promising adjunct therapy, mostly for immunocompromised patients."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Development of a CRE/CREB-driven HBx responsive HBV cell culture reporter system for antiviral drug evaluation. (PubMed, JHEP Rep) - "In contrast, antivirals that do not interfere with protein production (tenofovir), or viral entry (bulevirtide) showed no effect (p <0.05), underscoring the specificity of the system for identifying compounds that inhibit protein production and/or HBx function...Its ability to detect HBx activity from both laboratory and clinical HBV isolates underscore its translational relevance. By enabling selective screening of HBx-targeting agents, this system may advance efforts to silence covalently closed circular DNA and accelerate the development of curative therapies for chronic hepatitis B."

Journal • Preclinical • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • IFNA1

Nitazoxanide reverses pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension by targeting the IMPA1-RAGE signaling axis. (PubMed, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol) - "Nitazoxanide, an FDA-approved antiparasitic agent with favorable safety and bioavailability, significantly reduced PAP and alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in experimental models of PH, including the SU5416/hypoxia and monocrotaline rat models. Mechanistically, nitazoxanide treatment inhibited the IMPA1-RAGE interaction, thereby suppressing downstream activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade and attenuating the enhanced glycolysis characteristic of PASMCs in PH. Collectively, our findings highlight nitazoxanide as a promising therapeutic candidate for pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

A Systematic Review about the Efficacy of Antiparasitic Agents in the Treatment of Blastocystis Species. (PubMed, Acta Parasitol) - "Our findings suggest that metronidazole may be inappropriate as a first-line treatment, as it can increase the number of viable parasites and promote their transformation into apoptosis-resistant granular or more pathogenic amoeboid forms. Alternative agents-such as ronidazole, satranidazole, and C17 (2-position 5-nitroimidazoles), as well as ornidazole, secnidazole, and tinidazole (1-position 5-nitroimidazoles with different side chains compared with metronidazole)-show potential efficacy. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nitazoxanide have also demonstrated promising results. Further studies, particularly subtype-specific and human clinical trials, are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of these alternative agents against Blastocystis spp."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Immunology • Urticaria

Nitazoxanide and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): unveiling the connection in immediate hypersensitivity cross-reactions. (PubMed, Einstein (Sao Paulo)) - "This study reports four cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactio to nitazoxanide in patients with non-selective immediate hypersensitivity reactio to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These findings highlight the need for vigilance in monitoring medication reactions and suggest the inclusion of nitazoxanide in the list of medications to be avoided in these patients."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Cancer Cells Have Increased Susceptibility to Ym155 Induced DNA Damage. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Given the reduced ATP-generating capacity of SDHB -KO cells, we hypothesized they would be uniquely sensitive to futile cycle induction with mitochondrial ionophores (2,4-Dinitrophenol (2-DNP), BAM15, Niclosamide, Nitazoxanide). Thus, the accumulation of succinate in SDH-deficient tumors inhibits KDM4 activity, impairs DNA repair and yields enhanced susceptibility to Ym155-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The identified intrinsic susceptibilities of SDHB -deficient cancers has the potential to be therapeutically leveraged."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Renal Cell Carcinoma • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • SDHB

Mutations in the Esx-3 secretion system confer resistance to multiple chemical scaffolds in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (PubMed, Microbiology (Reading)) - "Resistant mutants were isolated against the aminothiazoles, phenylhydrazones, 8-hydroxyquinolines, nitazoxanides, phenyl alkylimidazoles, morpholino thiophenes and trifluoromethyl pyrimidinones. We demonstrated that mutations in several components of the Esx-3 type VII secretion system (EccA3, EccB3, EccC3 and EccD3) conferred resistance to these disparate scaffolds. We conclude that mutations in Esx-3 are a common mechanism of resistance to anti-tubercular agents, which may have clinical relevance for new drugs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of albendazole and nitazoxanide loaded chitosan nanoparticles against experimental echinococcosis. (PubMed, J Parasit Dis) - "SEM revealed severe morphological changes mainly in subgroups receiving ABZ and ABZ/Cs NPs. It was concluded that chitosan nanoparticles could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ABZ and NTZ in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis."

Journal • Infectious Disease

The efficacy of resveratrol and nitazoxanide combination therapy in a murine model of chronic toxoplasmosis. (PubMed, J Parasit Dis) - "These results were enhanced by adding nitazoxanide to the resveratrol and spiramycin combination. It can be concoluded that co-administration of resveratrol and nitazoxanide can synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect of spiramycin in chronic toxoplasmosis."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • BAX • CD8 • IFNG

CVID Enteropathy Associated With Chronic Norovirus Infection: Background, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Aspects. (PubMed, Rev Med Virol) - "Intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement fails to adequately protect against gastrointestinal infections, and off-label antivirals such as ribavirin, nitazoxanide, or interferon alpha have yielded inconsistent results. We also present our experience with a patient successfully treated with immunoglobulin therapy administered via nasogastric tube, leading to clinical remission, nutritional recovery, and viral clearance. Recognising norovirus as a key etiological factor in CVID enteropathy emphasises the need to conduct systematic studies and evidence-based therapeutic approaches."

Journal • Review • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Primary Immunodeficiency

In vivo efficiency evaluation of nitazoxanide with cationic and amphoteric surfactants on murine cryptosporidiosis: parasitological, and histopathological studies. (PubMed, J Parasit Dis) - "Histopathological examination revealed marked improvement in small intestinal villi, liver, and lung tissues when NTZ was used in combination with GDCS, and GDAS, especially with GDAS CMC. Therefore, surfactant could be an excellent adjuvant therapy when combined with NTZ in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis, especially GDAS CMC."

Journal • Preclinical

Nitazoxanide counteracts systemic inflammation and organ failure in disease models of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) (FFS-AIH 2025) - "NTZ protects against systemic inflammation and liver, kidney and brain failure in disease models of ACLF. These data support the investigation of NTZ treatment as a promising approach to alleviate systemic inflammation and multi-organ injury in ACLF."

CNS Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Renal Disease • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome • Vascular Neurology • CD68 • CST3 • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Structural and functional characterization of TgGSK3, a druggable kinase in Toxoplasma gondii. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Moreover, therapeutic alternatives remain limited or nonexistent, particularly for cryptosporidiosis, for which nitazoxanide is currently the only approved medication to treat diarrhea in adults and children older than 1 year of age...This screening identifies LY2090314 as a potent inhibitor of T. gondii and Cryptosporidium growth in mammalian cells...Furthermore, interactome analysis uncovers functional connections between TgGSK3 and key cytoskeletal and signaling regulators, providing insights into compound's effects. Collectively, these findings validate TgGSK3 as a promising therapeutic target for toxoplasmosis and offer mechanistic insights into apicomplexan GSK3 biology."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Tolizumab (anti-IL-6) in combination with nitazoxanide (anti-Wnt/β-catenin) in the treatment of recurrent or surgical residual enamel cell-type craniopharyngiomas (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=20 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: FuJIan SanBo FuNeng Brain Hospital; FuJIan SanBo FuNeng Brain Hospital

New trial • Brain Cancer • CNS Tumor

A Case of Severe and Prolonged Cryptosporidiosis Revealing HIV Treated in a Multidisciplinary Hybrid GI Care Model (ACG 2025) - "He was started on nitazoxanide with symptomatic improvement...Notably, the patient's HIV diagnosis was made only after being engaged through a virtual GI care platform. The case highlights how a multidisciplinary, hybrid virtual GI model—led by an advanced practice provider and supported by dietitians and local in-person care partners—can effectively manage complex presentations and facilitate timely diagnoses."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia

A Retrospective Review of Antibiotic Infusion for Symptomatic Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis Infections (ACG 2025) - "The standard infusion combination (furazolidone, nitazoxanide, secnidazole) given to 47 patients (30.5%) had a success rate of 97.87%. Of those included in the study 92 (59.7%) had Blastocystis only, 31 (20.1%) had Dientamoeba only, and 31 (20.1%) had both. All patients were symptomatic with the most common symptoms being bloating (n=114, 77%), diarrhoea (n=105, 70.9%), flatulence (n=107, 72.3%), abdominal discomfort (n=95, 64.2%), and fatigue (n=93, 62.8%). The overall success rate was 95.45%."

Retrospective data • Review • Fatigue • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Beyond the Colon: Hepatobiliary CMV as a Rare End-Organ Manifestation of AIDS (ACG 2025) - "He had been out of HIV care for over a year after previously being on Biktarvy and Prezcobix...Initial stool studies were positive for cryptosporidium, and nitazoxanide was initiated...Ganciclovir was initiated and transitioned to valganciclovir 900 mg BID...Treatment included antiviral therapy. This case underscores the importance of a broad differential, timely biopsy, and multidisciplinary care in managing complex presentations of AIDS-related GI and hepatobiliary disease.Figure: MRI showing Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts with beaded appearance of ductal dilatation."

Cytomegalovirus Infection • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • CD4

Chronic Entamoeba Histolytica Infection Leading to Loeffler Endocarditis: A Rare Case (ACG 2025) - "She was treated for E. histolytica infection with systemic metronidazole and intraluminal nitazoxanide, resulting in resolution of eosinophilia and improvement in her chronic GI symptoms. E. histolytica's chronic, non-bloody form is rare and often misdiagnosed...This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for parasitic causes in patients with unexplained eosinophilia, chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, and a compatible travel history.Figure: Image 1: Compute Tomography (CT) abdomen/pelvis with intravenous contrast showing mild ascending and proximal transverse colonic wall thickening (yellow arrow), suggestive of colitis. Figure: Image 2: Transthoracic echocardiogram apical 4 chamber view showing irregular linear echo-dense mass along subendocardial left ventricular myocardium involving the distal inferolateral wall and the apex (red arrows)."

Clinical • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Endocrine Disorders • Eosinophilia • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Heart Failure • Hypereosinophilic Syndrome • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Thrombosis

Development of a Phase 1 Cryptosporidiosis Controlled Human Challenge Model in Healthy Volunteers using IND-enabled GMP-compliant C. parvum oocysts (ABO809) (ASTMH 2025) - "All subjects with confirmed Cryptosporidium infection were treated with nitazoxanide. Overall, Cryptosporidium CHIM was successfully developed for the first time using IND-enabled GMP-compliant C. parvum oocysts (ABO809) causing diarrhea and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis in >50% of participants. Cryptosporidium infection and symptoms were observed at an incidence and duration amenable to an investigation of new therapeutics."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • P1 data • Infectious Disease

Nitazoxanide modulates inflammation but fails to control parasitemia in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. (PubMed, Acta Trop) - "Given the limitations of current treatments, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, complementary chemical strategies are crucial not only for parasite elimination but also for modulating host inflammatory responses. Although NTZ attenuated inflammation without inducing significant hepatotoxicity, it failed to effectively control parasitemia when compared with untreated infected controls. These findings suggest that while NTZ may serve as a promising adjunctive therapy to modulate inflammatory responses in Chagas disease, it is insufficient as a monotherapy for parasite clearance."

Journal • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CCL2 • IL10 • IL17A

Induction of beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) via synthetic mRNA reducesCryptosporidiuminfection in human intestinal cells. (ASTMH 2025) - "Nitazoxanide is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapeutic for treating Cryptosporidium infection...In this work we demonstrated that transfection of synthetic DEFB1-mRNA induce significant levels of DEFB1 protein in HCT-8 cells, in addition we demonstrated a reduction in parasite burden only in cells transfected with DEFB1-mRNA. These findings confirm the anti-cryptosporidial effect of DEFB1 and supports the potential use of mRNA as HDT for cryptosporidiosis."

Late-breaking abstract • Infectious Disease

Treatment of refractory Giardiasis with quinacrine in a young refugee with HIV and HCV coinfection (EACS 2025) - "Serology revealed hepatitis C virus genotype 1b with an RNA viral load of 552,000 IU/mL (log 5.74) and occult hepatitis B (anti-core positive, HBsAg negative, undetectable HBV DNA).Antiretroviral therapy with BIC/TAF/FTC was initiated, achieving virologic suppression and improved CD4 counts. He was also treated for hepatitis C with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, with sustained virological response...He received a single 2 g dose of tinidazole, followed by nitazoxanide 500 mg BID for 3 days, both without full clinical and parasitological response... This case highlights the importance of considering quinacrine as a safe and effective option for treating refractory giardiasis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Though rarely used today, quinacrine remains a valuable therapeutic tool when conventional agents fail. It also underscores the need for comprehensive evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with newly diagnosed HIV, especially in migrant populations."

Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4 • CD8