nitazoxanide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Geraniol as a Promising Natural Compound in the treatment of Cryptosporidiosis: In Vivo Efficacy and Safety in Immunosuppressed Mice. (PubMed, Exp Parasitol) - "This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of geraniol (GR), alone and in combination with nitazoxanide (NZ), in immunosuppressed mice experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum...Overall, these findings provide preliminary experimental evidence that GR, particularly in combination with NZ, may warrant further investigation as an adjunctive approach for cryptosporidiosis. However, validation in additional animal models and ultimately well-designed clinical studies is required."

Journal • Preclinical • IFNG • IL12A

Mycophenolate-Induced Chronic Active Colitis in a Renal Transplant Recipient With Normal Endoscopy: A Mimicker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ACG 2026) - "Introduction: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) causes gastrointestinal side effects in up to 45% of transplant recipients, yet histologically confirmed colitis occurs in only 2â9%...Case Description/ A 22-year-old man with a deceased-donor renal transplant on tacrolimus, MMF, and prednisone presented with fatigue, dyspnea, and chronic diarrhea...Norovirus was treated with nitazoxanide...MMF discontinuation with azathioprine substitution is the preferred strategy and yields rapid improvement...(B): Representative colon biopsy slide at 40x image (H&E). Neutrophilic cryptitis - neutrophils infiltrating the crypt and apoptosis of the crypt epithelial cells (arrow)."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Chronic Kidney Disease • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Eosinophilia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Nephrology • Pulmonary Disease • Transplantation

CARMIL2-Associated Enteropathy in a Patient With Cryptosporidiosis (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 47-year-old woman with CARMIL2-related immunodeficiency (on monthly IVIG) and necrotizing aspergillosis (on voriconazole) was admitted for CMV retinitis...Nitazoxanide was started; diarrhea initially improved, then worsened to 13 bowel movements/day (up to 1.5L stool/day, requiring rectal tube)...Immunosuppressants (anti-TNF agents, azathioprine, cyclosporine) have shown variable results, with increased risk of infections...More case reports and research are needed to guide management and improve outcomes. Figure: Rectal mucosal ulceration with subsequent pathology notable for increased crypt cell apoptosis, and positive for cryptosporidium Figure: Duodenal lamina propria inflammation, villous blunting and scattered intra-epithelial lymphocytes"

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pancreatitis • Pneumonia • Primary Immunodeficiency • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders • CARMIL2

Cryptosporidiosis Found by Endoscopic Biopsy in a Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report (ACG 2026) - "We present a 37 year old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) who presented with acute watery diarrhea after a trip to Mexico and was later diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis on endoscopic biopsy after negative stool studies...The patientâs MMF was held and she was started on Nitazoxanide, and she quickly improved...Clinicians should maintain suspicion for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients with persistent water diarrhea, even outside traditional HIV/AIDS and transplant populations. Figure: Duodenal bulb showing mild inflammation (left) Mildly edematous papilla (right) Figure: Cryptosporidium species in the duodenal biopsy of duodenitis (left arrow) Cryptosporidium species in the gastric biopsy of gastritis (right arrow)"

Biopsy • Case report • Clinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Solid Organ Transplantation • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Gastrointestinal Cryptosporidiosis Presenting as Peripyloric Antral Nodularity on Endoscopy (ACG 2026) - "The patient was treated with nitazoxanide with improvement in diarrhea and electrolyte abnormalities...1997;9(3):307-310. Figure: Peripyloric Antral Nodularity found on Endoscopy Figure: Histological Examination of Peripyloric Antral Nodule Biopsies"

Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Heart Failure • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Kaposi Sarcoma • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • CD4

Severe Gastroenteritis Caused by Cryptosporidium in an Immunocompetent Patient (ACG 2026) - "However if patient continues to have persistent symptoms, then antimicrobial therapy with nitazoxanide can be considered. This case highlights Cryptosporidium as a potentially severe pathogen even in immunocompetent individuals. Clinicians should maintain an index of suspicion for Cryptosporidiosis even in immunocompetent patients presenting with severe gastroenteritis."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Beyond the Common Causes: Persistent Diarrhea Revealing Cryptosporidium in an SLE Patient on Mycophenolate (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 38-year-old male with systemic lupus erythematosus and class IV lupus nephritis on mycophenolate mofetil presented with four days of profuse watery diarrhea ( >6 episodes/day, including nocturnal)...Given immunosuppression and recent cholecystectomy, mycophenolate-related diarrhea and bile acid malabsorption were suspected, and cholestyramine was initiated...He was treated with nitazoxanide for 3 days with complete symptom resolution...Conventional stool testing has limited sensitivity, whereas multiplex PCR enables rapid diagnosis and avoids unnecessary procedures. In immunosuppressed patients with unexplained diarrhea, early consideration of opportunistic infections and use of PCR testing can expedite diagnosis, guide therapy, and prevent invasive interventions while preserving essential immunosuppression."

Clinical • Glomerulonephritis • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Managing Refractory Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis With Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Case Report (ACG 2026) - "We present a case of delayed-onset ICI colitis following prolonged pembrolizumab therapy, complicated by recurrent C.diff colonization, successfully managed with Vowst after failed multiple therapies...She received vancomycin (14 days) and nitazoxanide (7 days) without dramatic improvement...Vedolizumab was given, and a second Rebyota attempt failed due to high-volume diarrhea...Figure: Figure 2. Symptoms, laboratory exams, and treatment course including antibiotics, Rebyota and Vowst."

Case report • Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • Breast Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Transplantation

Systematic screening identified broad-spectrum inhibitors of human-pathogenic Encephalitozoon species and revealed no in vitro activity of nitazoxanide. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Trimetrexate emerged as the most promising candidate for further anti-microsporidia exploration, whereas nitazoxanide showed no detectable activity under the conditions tested, questioning its role in the treatment of human microsporidiosis."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Repurposing of lansoprazole and nitazoxanide as NR2F2 inhibitors in the gastric cancer cell line GCIY: computational insights and siRNA-mediated in vitro tests. (PubMed, Front Chem) - "We identified lapatinib, glyburide, nitazoxanide, and lansoprazole as modulators of NR2F2-dependent reporter activity. Taken together, our data extend current evidence that NR2F2 is a ligandable orphan receptor whose transcriptional output can be pharmacologically tuned. Moreover, our findings provide new chemical tools for probing NR2F2 biology and nominate clinically used molecules as starting points for therapeutic or repurposing strategies targeting NR2F2-dependent programs."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastric Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Chronic persistent norovirus infection in renal transplant recipient and combination therapy with nitazoxanide and enteral immunoglobulin (TTS 2026) - "The patient was commenced on combination therapy with oral immunoglobulin (Privigen ® 10%, 2 grams every 6 hours for eight doses) and oral nitazoxanide 500 mg twice daily for 14 days for chronic norovirus enteritis. This case demonstrates that combination therapy with oral immunoglobulin and nitazoxanide was associated with symptom benefit and nutritional improvement in chronic norovirus infection despite persistent asymptomatic viral shedding. This is a potential therapeutic option in immunocompromised patients pending the development of directly acting antivirals. Further studies are required to define its role in management."

Clinical • Combination therapy • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

Therapeutic Effects of Matricaria chamomilla Extract in an Immunosuppressed Mouse Model of Cryptosporidiosis. (PubMed, Vet Med Sci) - "Hydroalcoholic extract of M. chamomilla was associated with reduced oocyst shedding, improved intestinal histopathology, and enhanced antioxidant status in immunosuppressed mice infected with C. parvum, supporting its potential as an adjunctive phytotherapeutic approach that warrants further mechanistic, pharmacological and long-term investigation."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

5-Nitrothiazol-Clofibric Acid Analogs as Potent Agents Against Nitazoxanide-Resistant Giardia lamblia: Modulation of Glycolytic Genes and Molecular Dynamics Studies. (PubMed, Molecules) - "These functional findings correlate closely with RT-qPCR transcriptional analyses and in silico molecular dynamics simulations; collectively, the data suggest a multi-target mechanism of action that may involve the disruption of energy homeostasis and the possible inhibition of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (PFOR, G6PD::6PGL, PK, and PPDK). In summary, these results identify compounds CLB-3 and CLB-5 as highly promising chemotherapeutic candidates for combating refractory giardiasis."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Nitazoxanide as Adjunct Therapy in Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=44 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University

New P2/3 trial • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis

Multi-Center Description of Off-label Use of Nitazoxanide Tablets in Patients less than 12 Years of Age (IDWeek 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Infectious Disease

Mitigation of micropollutant toxicity in treated wastewater using the H2O2/S2O82-/UVC process: An ecotoxicological perspective for agricultural reuse. (PubMed, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int) - "Thus, this study evaluated the efficiency of the previously optimized H2O2/S2O82‒/UVC process for mitigating the ecotoxicological effects of municipal wastewater enriched with colchicine, nitazoxanide, and sulfamethoxazole, considering its potential application for agricultural reuse. This process did not induce cytotoxic effects or adversely affect beneficial microorganisms. These results suggest that the process can reduce the toxicity and biological impacts of microcontaminants, which could mitigate the ecotoxicological risks of wastewater intended for non-potable reuse, including in agriculture."

Journal

Curative and Protective Effects of Fenugreek Seeds Extract-Loaded Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Lung Damage and Intestinal Dysplasia Induced by Experimental Cryptosporidiosis. (PubMed, Exp Parasitol) - "The currently available anticryptosporidial agent, nitazoxanide (NTZ), has limited efficacy in cases of low immunity...Furthermore, this treatment was associated with negative cyclin D1 expression, near-normal levels of IL-17 and oxidative stress markers, and normalized BCL-2 and caspase-3 expression. Thus, the curative and protective activity of NTZ in cryptosporidiosis was enhanced when combined with FNK extract and loaded onto ZnO NPs."

IO biomarker • Journal • BCL2 • CASP3 • CCND1 • IL17A

Nitazoxanide in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University

New P1/2 trial • Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis

Efficacy of combined atorvastatin and paromomycin in treating experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. (PubMed, QJM) - "Combined Atorvastatin and Paromomycin showed superior efficacy over monotherapies, reducing parasite load, improving tissue pathology, and modulating oxidative stress in immunosuppressed mice."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

NIT MET: Nitazoxanide vs Metronidazole for Entamoeba Diarrhea in Children (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=90 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Child Health Sciences and Children's Hospital, Lahore

New P2 trial

Combinatorial Therapy with Long-Acting Tenofovir and Tizoxanide Controls Viral Replication and Liver Inflammation in a Murine AAV-HBV Model of Chronic Hepatitis B. (PubMed, Biology (Basel)) - "Furthermore, coadministration of NM5TFV with M2TIZ reduced the expression of liver inflammasomes and profibrotic markers. The NM5TFV and NM2TIZ combination reduced HBV replication, inflammation, and fibrogenesis in AAV-HBV-transduced mice."

Journal • Preclinical • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Combating Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Advancements in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. (PubMed, Pulm Med) - "Drug repurposing strategies using existing drugs like linezolid, celecoxib, and nitazoxanide also show a promising option in combating drug-resistant TB while reducing treatment duration. Despite significant progress, challenges related to cost-effective scalability, accessibility of advanced diagnostics, and optimization of therapeutic systems continue to limit clinical translation. Future research must prioritize multidisciplinary collaborations to accelerate drug development, enhance diagnostic capabilities, and expand nanotechnology-based solutions to address the TB epidemic effectively."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Pediatric Use of Off-Label Medicines and Nonevidence-Based Supplements for COVID-19: Findings From the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (Brazil). (PubMed, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf) - "These findings highlight behavioral responses during a health emergency and suggest that public health policies should strengthen evidence-based risk communication and discourage inappropriate medicine use during future health emergencies."

Journal • Asthma • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Obesity • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Sapovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Case Series Demonstrating the Burden of an Enteric Viral Pathogen. (PubMed, Transpl Infect Dis) - "Sapovirus is an emerging pathogen in KTRs and was associated with significant symptom burden and morbidity, including failure to thrive, acute kidney injury, and need for dialysis. Delays in diagnosis and limited treatment options remain barriers to improving outcomes."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Fatigue • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Transplant Rejection • Transplantation

Integrated Phytochemical, Computational and In Vitro Evaluation of the Oocysticidal Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract Against Cryptosporidium parvum. (PubMed, Cell Biochem Biophys) - "At a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, POE diminished oocyst counts by nearly 71% after 48 h and lowered viability to 37.41%, demonstrating greater reduction of oocyst count and viability than nitazoxanide under comparable conditions with LC₅₀ of 460 µg/mL. These findings collectively underscored P. ostreatus as a potential natural antiparasitic agent, indicating that its sterol-rich extract may demonstrate oocysticidal activity via multi-target molecular interactions and direct impacts on oocyst integrity."

Journal • Preclinical • CUX1