Seizalam (midazolam intramuscular) / Pfizer - LARVOL DELTA

Cardiovascular effects of increasing doses of norepinephrine delivered by constant rate intravenous infusion in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. (PubMed, Vet Anaesth Analg) - "Norepinephrine is effective in a dose-dependent fashion at treating isoflurane-induced hypotension in healthy cats."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Evaluation of Sedative and Physiological Effects of Intramuscular or Intranasal Ketamine-Midazolam and Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.). (PubMed, J Med Primatol) - "All protocols promoted tachypnea and few effects on HR and blood pressure. KMIM and KDIM result in deep sedation. KMIN and KDIN result in light sedation. Anesthetic recovery was faster with KDIN."

Journal • Anesthesia

Evaluation of the efficacy of sevoflurane as a general anesthetic method for noninvasive examination of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). (PubMed, J Vet Med Sci) - "Overall, alfaxalone induction followed by sevoflurane maintenance provided stable anesthesia and rapid recovery. Premedication with midazolam and butorphanol offered clinical advantages, including reduced sevoflurane requirements, faster recovery, and decreased preanesthetic stress."

Journal • Anesthesia

Cardiovascular and echocardiographic effects of propofol induction, with or without dextroketamine, in healthy premedicated rabbits: a randomized study. (PubMed, Vet Anaesth Analg) - "The addition of dextroketamine to propofol induction did not result in detectable treatment-related changes in conventional or longitudinal echocardiographic indices of systolic function. Both induction protocols were associated with preserved cardiac output and systolic function, although arterial pressure responses differed over time."

Journal • Preclinical • Aesthetic Medicine • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular

Agreement between noninvasive blood pressure obtained by an automated oscillometric blood pressure monitor and invasive blood pressure measurements in anesthetized pumas (Puma concolor). (PubMed, Vet Anaesth Analg) - "The evaluated oscillometric device cannot be considered interchangeable with IBP monitoring in anesthetized pumas. Of the arterial blood pressure variables, MAP showed the most consistent agreement with IBP, although individual measurements may be associated with clinically relevant error."

Journal • Anesthesia

Metoclopramide does not enhance upper gastrointestinal motility in clinically healthy pigeons (Columba livia domestica) or those with sedation-induced functional ileus. (PubMed, Am J Vet Res) - "Clinically healthy adult pigeons were assigned to treatment groups as follows: saline (conscious control), saline/metoclopramide (conscious treatment), butorphanol/midazolam/saline (sedated control), or butorphanol/midazolam/metoclopramide (sedated treatment), all given IM with oral barium sulfate. Metoclopramide did not exhibit observable prokinetic effects. Metoclopramide at 2 mg/kg did not exhibit observable prokinetic effects in neither conscious pigeons nor those with sedation-induced ileus."

Journal • Anesthesia

Intramuscular midazolam versus intravenous clonazepam for prehospital treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures: A randomized double-blind non-inferiority trial. (PubMed, Seizure) - "IM midazolam was non-inferior to IV clonazepam with respect to treatment success and was associated with a shorter time to seizure cessation while maintaining a comparable safety profile."

Clinical • Head-to-Head • Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Efficacy and safety of intramuscular and intravenous midazolam for acute agitation in emergency settings: a systematic review. (PubMed, Int Clin Psychopharmacol) - "Midazolam appears a useful rapid-onset option, but should not be considered a consistently superior standalone strategy. Future multicenter studies should better elucidate its safest and most effective use."

Journal • Anesthesia • Psychiatry

A Fifty-minute Anesthetic for a Five-minute Scan: Challenges in a Nonverbal Autistic Adult Undergoing CT Imaging (ASA 2026) - "Patient could not tolerate pre-operative PIV placement despite PO midazolam and ketamine, requiring additional IM ketamine prior to IV placement, induction and intubation. CT was completed in 7 minutes. Emergence was prolonged in setting of multimodal anesthetic and further complicated by bronchospasm with significant desaturation, requiring temporary deepening of anesthetic and albuterol administration prior to extubation."

Clinical • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

The effect of butorphanol with or without subsequent methadone on the fentanyl requirements in dogs undergoing interventional cardiac procedures. (PubMed, Vet Anaesth Analg) - "Butorphanol may be considered for IM or IV sedation 60-90 minutes before anesthetic induction with fentanyl."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Clinical Audit of the Emergency Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children Subsequently Admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Only one of these six received an appropriate dose of rectal diazepam. The use of buccal or intramuscular midazolam by paramedics and ambulance crews would facilitate prompt pre-hospital treatment. We also recommend continuous education and training of hospital staff about the importance of generally following guidelines, especially on the doses of emergency drugs."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Epilepsy • Pediatrics

KETAMINE, MEDETOMIDINE, AND MIDAZOLAM ANESTHESIA WITH AND WITHOUT BUTORPHANOL IN SLOW LORISES (NYCTICEBUS BENGALENSIS AND XANTHONYCTICEBUS SPECIES). (PubMed, J Zoo Wildl Med) - "Slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis and Xanthonycticebus spp.) are endangered small nocturnal prosimians that are frequently rescued from the illegal wildlife trade in Southeast Asia. Although the need for isoflurane supplementation could not be completely prevented, KMMB reduced its requirement, potentially reducing adverse effects associated with inhalant anesthetics. These findings support the use of a species-adapted KMMB protocol, supplemented with isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia as a safe and effective anesthetic option for health evaluations in rescued slow lorises."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Comparison of three anesthetic protocols in 146 olive baboons (Papio anubis) in a mass capture event for physical examination and surgical sterilization. (PubMed, Vet Anaesth Analg) - "DTZ achieved rapid induction with a lower need for supplemental anesthesia than both XTZ and XMK. A randomized, blinded trial is required to properly compare drug protocols."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Psychometric Properties of a Behavioral Sedation Scale for Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana). (PubMed, J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci) - "This prospective, randomized, complete crossover study evaluated the psychometric properties of a behavioral sedation scale in 8 adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana) following intramuscular administration of midazolam (2 mg/kg) or saline...Strong correlations were observed between real-time and video-based scores (Spearman rs ≥ 0.9). These findings indicate that the scale effectively discriminates sedation and demonstrates strong internal consistency and repeatability; however, variability between observers suggests that training may be required to optimize its clinical application."

Journal • Anesthesia

Hemodynamic responses to intravenous maropitant in anesthetized dogs depend on premedication protocol. (PubMed, Vet J) - "Intravenous maropitant administration appears to be hemodynamically well tolerated in healthy dogs under general anesthesia premedicated with dexmedetomidine. In contrast, when acepromazine is used for premedication, maropitant administration results in more pronounced hemodynamic effects, including clinically relevant hypotension. These findings suggest that alternative routes of administration should be considered in the perioperative setting."

Journal • Anesthesia • Hypotension

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic profiles of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) under ketamine-dexmedetomidine or ketamine-midazolam anesthesia. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "The IM dexmedetomidine protocol resulted in a significant reduction in P wave amplitude compared to the midazolam protocol (p = 0.016), whereas IV administration was associated with a lower T wave amplitude compared to IM dexmedetomidine (p = 0.01) and a lower mean HR when compared to the midazolam group (p = 0.03), in addition to the occurrence of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and second-degree atrioventricular block. No morphological cardiac abnormalities were detected on ECHO; however, a significant reduction in interventricular septal thickness during diastole was observed in the IM dexmedetomidine group (p = 0.01), without statistically significant changes in quantitative parameters. These findings provide the first integrated ECG and ECHO reference values for Tayassu pecari, supporting safer anesthetic decision-making, improved clinical management, and evidence-based conservation strategies."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular

Context Matters: Variation in Pharmacologic Management of Pediatric Agitation Across Emergency and Inpatient Psychiatric Settings. (PubMed, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol) - "Pharmacologic management of pediatric agitation varies by care setting, particularly in antipsychotic selection and adjunctive medication use. Differences in dosing were limited to chlorpromazine, suggesting that variation reflects agent-specific prescribing patterns rather than overall treatment intensity. These findings highlight the influence of clinical context and provider practice patterns in shaping management strategies for pediatric agitation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Comparing the Outcome of Buccal Midazolam and Intramuscular Midazolam in Children Presenting With Seizures. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=90 | Completed | Sponsor: Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Hospital Islamabad

New P4 trial • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Short-term effect of sedation on kidney function markers in cats with chronic kidney disease. (PubMed, Am J Vet Res) - "Sedation with gabapentin, butorphanol, midazolam, and alfaxalone was an effective protocol for cats with CKD undergoing noninvasive diagnostic procedures and was not associated with short-term changes in GFR markers. The sedation protocol described is safe and effective in cats with CKD undergoing routine procedures."

Journal • Anesthesia • Glomerulonephritis • Hematological Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Field immobilisation of adult Weddell seals using intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam. (PubMed, Vet Rec) - "In this limited study, intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam were a safe and effective combination for field immobilisation of adult Weddell seals."

Journal

Two-Dimensional, M-Mode, and Doppler Echocardiographic Reference Intervals in Adult Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Hobby Flock Breeds. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "Healthy adult chickens (n = 126) of both sexes and various breeds were administered intramuscular butorphanol (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (2 mg/kg) before undergoing echocardiography by a board-certified veterinary cardiologist...Body weight was a significant but not strongly correlative co-variate, and 95% prediction intervals for linear dimensions were determined by allometric scaling. Echocardiographic reference intervals were established from 126 chickens of non-commercial breeds."

Journal • Cardiovascular

KOMET-001: First in Human Study of Ziftomenib in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=263 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Kura Oncology, Inc. | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • First-in-human • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • KMT2A • MEIS1 • NPM1

Medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol anesthesia with preoxygenation enables magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination in rabbits. (PubMed, Am J Vet Res) - "Intramuscular MMB anesthesia with preoxygenation and continuous oxygen supplementation prevents hypoxemia while providing adequate immobilization for MRI and CSF examinations in rabbits. This protocol may be useful for performing MRI and CSF examinations in rabbits."

Journal • Preclinical • Anesthesia

Angioedema Associated with Haloperidol: A Case Report and Literature Review (COSM 2026) - "During evaluation, he developed significant agitation, and received intravenous midazolam followed by a 5mg intramuscular haloperidol four hours later...Despite treatment with famotidine, dexamethasone, and diphenhydramine, edema progressed with stertor and near-complete oropharyngeal obstruction... Haloperidol-induced angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening event. Prompt recognition, discontinuation of the offending agent, medical therapy, close airway monitoring, and early anticipation of surgical airway intervention are critical for optimal outcomes."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders

Pre-surgical medical interventions for treatment of pediatric post-tonsillectomy pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (COSM 2026) - "IV and PO acetaminophen, IM diclofenac, INF ketamine, IV lidocaine, PO midazolam, IM papaveretum, IV parecoxib, IM and IV pethidine, INF ropivacaine, IM tenoxicam, and IV and INF tramadol showed no difference from placebo in percentage of patients requiring rescue analgesia. A total of 2,952 articles were screened, and 75 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Patients receiving IV or INF dexmedetomidine had the longest time to request additional analgesia post-surgically (µ = 583.45 minutes, 95% CI [524.9, 641.2] and µ = 537.6 minutes, 95% CI [498.3, 576.9], respectively), followed by INF levobupivacaine (µ = 460.98 min, 95% CI [281.9, 640.0]). IV ketamine or INF levobupivacaine demonstrated the shortest time to resumption of oral intake (µ = 127.452 minutes, 95% CI [41.1, 213.8], and µ = 126.2 minutes, 95% CI [108.4, 143.9] respectively)."

Retrospective data • Review • Pain • Pediatrics