cholestyramine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Update of safety profile of bile acid sequestrants: A real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "This large-scale FAERS study updates the safety profiles of BASs, highlighting distinct risk patterns and delayed complications. The findings support personalized monitoring strategies that consider both drug-specific characteristics and temporal AE patterns."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain

Bile acid malabsorption and treatment: an audit of real word practice from a UK tertiary referral centre (BSG 2025) - "Sex, age, the type of BAM and whether the treatment was colesevelam or cholestyramine were not significant predictors of clinical response (p>0.05).View this table:View inline View popup Abstract P112 Table 1 SeHCAT positivity by underlying diagnosisConclusions SeHCAT scans diagnosed BAM in 41.6% of patients with up to 62.5% responding to treatment. SeHCAT should be incorporated in the diagnostic pathway when assessing patients with chronic diarrhoea, a practice that is not well established currently and is generally variable."

Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Management of bile acid malabsorption: insights into treatment and patient outcomes (BSG 2025) - "Current first-line treatment involves bile acid sequestrants (eg.cholestyramine, colesevelam). Co-prescribing antidiarrhoeals alongside sequestrants showed promising efficacy and tolerability, potentially reducing the need for higher doses of sequestrants and their associated side effects. These findings call for improved follow-up protocols, patient-centered approaches to medication management, and further exploration of combination therapies to enhance outcomes in BAM management."

Clinical • Gastroenterology • Pain • Urology

Mechanical Circulatory Support for Refractory Thyroid Storm Complicated by Septic Shock (ASA 2025) - "A 46-year-old female was admitted for thyroid storm and sepsis secondary to pyelonephritis, treated with propranolol, hydrocortisone, methimazole, Lugol's solution, cholestyramine, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. The patient was discharged home with normalized creatinine and improved thyroid labs. This rare case of severe thyroid storm complicated by septic shock highlights the role of mechanical circulatory support in refractory cases."

Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Septic Shock

Leflunomide in Combination With Steroids for the Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease After Donor Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Malignancies (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=18 | Recruiting | Sponsor: City of Hope Medical Center | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Jan 2027

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Oncology • Transplantation

Suspected Bile Acid Gastritis and Dumping Syndrome Following Pyloric Drainage Procedures: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center. (PubMed, J Gastrointest Surg) - "Incidence of suspected BAG and DS was 9.25% and 1.73% respectively. Pyloroplasty was more likely than G-POEM to result in symptoms suggestive of BAG. Further research is warranted to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of BAG and DS, the true incidence rates of these adverse events, and long-term outcomes in these patients."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Thyrotoxicosis Factitia: A Case of Marked Troponin Elevation and Successful Management (ENDO 2025) - "Body: A 41-year-old male with a medical history of depression, ADHD, anxiety, substance misuse, and hypogonadism presented to the emergency department following the ingestion of an unregulated weight loss supplement containing liothyronine (LT3) 100 mcg/mL and levothyroxine (LT4) 100 mcg/mL...The patient was monitored in the ICU and treated with propranolol to target a heart rate < 90 bpm, a one-time dose of dexamethasone 4 mg to inhibit T4-to-T3 conversion, and cholestyramine 4 mg TID to enhance thyroxine excretion... This case underscores the importance of recognizing factitious thyrotoxicosis and prompt treatment to reduce thyroid hormone levels and symptoms. Rapid normalization of free T3 and reduction in free T4 can be attributed to the above treatment, but it is also important to note that thyroid hormone half-life is reduced in the setting of thyrotoxicosis. Unique to this case is the marked troponin elevation without hemodynamic or inotropic compromise."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Endocrine Disorders • Mood Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Psychiatry

Pharmacological Approaches in Lipodystrophy: Concomitant Medication and Metreleptin Therapy Use in the Participants of LD-Lync Study (ENDO 2025) - P | "Metformin was the most commonly used antidiabetic agent, particularly in FPLD (n=101), followed by CGL (n=21), APL (n=10), and AGL (n=5)...Fenofibrate was used by 79 patients, with the highest prevalence observed in the CGL (48%) and FPLD (35%) subgroups. Statins, primarily atorvastatin (n=57) and rosuvastatin (n=25), were the most prescribed lipid-lowering agents, and were used by 100 patients overall, including 47.9% of those in the FPLD subgroup...Omega-3 derivatives were used by 53 patients (19%), while niacin and cholestyramine were used by only two patients... This study highlights the heterogeneity in pharmacological management across lipodystrophy subtypes, reflecting their diverse metabolic profiles and needs. While metreleptin remains the cornerstone therapy for generalized lipodystrophy, there is a need for novel therapeutic options to achieve improved metabolic control and optimize treatment outcomes in partial lipodystrophy."

Dyslipidemia • Lipodystrophy • Metabolic Disorders • Rare Diseases

Acute Cholestatic Liver Injury From Subtle Hypothyroidism That Responding to Intravenous Levothyroxine: A Case Report (ENDO 2025) - "Standard cholestyramine and ursodiol treatment were ineffective. Hypothyroidism correlates with reduction of biliary cholesterol secretion, dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi, and bile flow impairment, which also possibly related to biliary tract stone formation and NAFLD in hypothyroidism patients.Our case manifested a rare scenario that mildly uncontrolled hypothyroidism, superimposed on NAFLD, triggered significant acute cholestatic liver injury, which was fully reversed with appropriate levothyroxine treatment. Notably, myxedema should not be considered as a prerequisite for diagnosing hypothyroidism-induced acute liver injury, as hypothyroidism can contribute to acute liver dysfunction even in its less severe forms."

Case report • Clinical • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Dermatology • Endocrine Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Movement Disorders • Obesity • Pruritus • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

The Storm That Wouldn't Subside: A Complex Case of Amiodarone-Induced Hyperthyroidism (ENDO 2025) - "Despite starting standard therapy for thyroid storm with betablockers, maximal thionamide and cholestyramine, there was no clinical improvement. It is important to not delay increases in prednisone dose if patients with suspected AIT2 do not improve on conventional doses, even if severe steroid-induced hyperglycemia may be a concern. Multimodal therapy is warranted when the patient is at high risk, their clinical course is complicated by a protracted treatment response, and/or when both AIT1 and AIT2 are suspected."

Clinical • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders

Single Pass Albumin Dialysis for Refractory Amiodarone Induced Thyroid Storm (ENDO 2025) - "The patient was treated with maximal medical therapy including oral methimazole (120mg/day), intravenous hydrocortisone (300mg/day), Lugol's Iodine, and Cholestyramine. Severe thyrotoxicosis refractory to medical therapy is an indication for advanced treatment mechanisms such as SPAD. In our opinion, SPAD is a highly effective methodology and it should be utilized more frequently and earlier to reduce morbidity and mortality in thyroid storm."

Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Coronary Artery Disease • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Ventricular Tachycardia

Challenges of Management of Thyroid Storm in the Setting of Acute Liver Failure (ENDO 2025) - "One month prior to admission, he discontinued his propylthiouracil (PTU), 200 mg two times a day...After stabilization, the patient received PTU (400 mg loading dose followed by 200 mg every four hours), hydrocortisone (100 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg every eight hours), Lugol's Iodine (0.5 mL every eight hours), and cholestyramine (4 gm every six hours) for thyroid storm... This case highlights how the catastrophic effects of thyroid storm, namely multiple organ failure, cardiovascular collapse, and arrhythmias, can present a challenge in utilizing the first line treatments, PTU and methimazole. Prior cases have recommended discontinuation of thioamides and initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange in the setting of liver failure with thyroid storm. Our case, however, is an example showing that in the event of severe thyrotoxicosis without clinical improvement despite plasma exchange, re-trialing a thioamide may be a reasonable approach."

Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Endocrine Disorders • Fatigue • Grave’s Disease • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Liver Failure • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Thyroid Emergencies: A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Endocr Pract) - "For myxedema coma, treatment typically includes high dose levothyroxine with the addition of liothyronine for critically ill patients. Management of thyroid storm is multi-pronged and stepwise, consisting of first-line thionamide and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy as first-line, inorganic iodine, as well as cholestyramine, plasmapheresis, or emergent thyroidectomy in appropriate severely ill patients."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Nephrology • Psychiatry • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Coma as the Sole Initial Manifestation of Levothyroxine Intoxication: A Case Report. (PubMed, J Emerg Med) - "Treatment included cholestyramine for enhanced thyroxine elimination. Emergency physicians should consider levothyroxine toxicity in cases of unexplained coma, even without other thyrotoxicosis signs. Prompt supportive care and gastrointestinal decontamination can lead to favorable outcomes in severe overdose."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Changes in serum perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid concentrations in firefighters accessing a voluntary perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances reduction treatment program. (PubMed, Environ Int) - "This study shows that participants who received treatment eliminated PFOS and PFHxS from their serum at a greater rate than the observation group."

Journal

THYROTOXICOSIS WITH PROLONGED CARDIAC EFFECT DUE TO EXCESS LIOTHYRONINE CONSUMPTION 'OVER THE COUNTER': A CASE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY MAKERS (PubMed, Harefuah) - "Liothyronine consumption has been associated with substantial thyrotoxicosis and cardiac damage. The Liothyronine tablets were provided to the patient by an unauthorized party, as a weight losing nutritional supplement. However, this was done without a medical examination or indication. The increase in demand for "weight-losing" products 'over the counter', the lack of effective enforcement in the chain, the way these products are presented and the possibility of those who are not authorized to market and supply them, emphasize the need to settle the regulation of this issue as soon as possible."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Critical care • Endocrine Disorders • Obesity • Pain

Evaluation and Treatment of Elevated Bile Acids in Chronic Pruritus of the Elderly: A Case Series. (PubMed, Int J Dermatol) - No abstract available

Journal • Cholestasis • Dermatology • Hepatology • Pruritus

Alterations in the cecal microbiome of New Zealand White rabbits due to the long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum. (PubMed, Toxicol Commun) - "Samples were also obtained from rabbits treated with the bile sequestrant cholestyramine (CSA) which accelerates BDF clearance from the body, and from CSA-only treated rabbits. We also observed increases due to BDF in plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related molecules including L-citrulline, L-ornithine, and methylated L-arginines. These results demonstrate that LAAR poisoning can induce microbiome dysbiosis and influence metabolic pathways and metabolites involved in inflammation and vasodilation."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation

Hashimoto's Thyrotoxicosis Induced Tachycardic Cardiomyopathy (ATS 2025) - "On assessment, the patient was found in supraventricular tachycardia with heart rate of 170s, and was given adenosine, procainamide, and diltiazem...He was placed on hydrocortisone, propylthiouracil, cholestyramine, and propranolol...He was later transferred out of the ICU and discharged with methimazole and metoprolol...Other, more environmental factors, such as infection, increased iodine intake, exposure to chemicals, and other substances, can trigger autoimmune thyroiditis. Unfortunately, no exposure to substances or chemicals was elicited from the patient as a likely cause and inciting factor, other than ingestion of energy drinks prior to his symptom onset."

Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Ophthalmology • Pituitary Gland Carcinoma • Ventricular Tachycardia • CTLA4

PRELIMINAR EXPERIENCE WITH ODEVIXIBAT – SIMILAR PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH PFIC1 (ESPGHAN 2025) - "All children experienced refractory jaundice and pruritus with chronic lichenification lesions, unresponsive to ursodeoxycholic acid, cholestyramine, rifampicin, and hydroxyzine. Conclusions These cases align with the 44% improvement in pruritus and serum bilirubin levels reported in phase 3 study 2 . However, the dichotomous response to ODX observed in this small series underscore the need for further investigation."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Celiac Disease • Cholestasis • Dermatology • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Immunology • Pruritus • ABCB1

ODEVIXIBAT THERAPY ALLEVIATES REFRACTORY PRURITUS IN PFIC 7 CAUSED BY USP53: A CASE REPORT (ESPGHAN 2025) - "The patient was initially managed with UDCA, cholestyramine, rifampin. Conclusions This report documents the first case of PFIC Type 7 managed with odevixibat described in the literature. It highlights the remarkable efficacy of odevixibat in alleviating refractory pruritus and lowering bile acid levels in PFIC 7, while underscoring the critical need for uninterrupted access to therapy."

Case report • Clinical • Cholestasis • Dermatology • Hepatology • Pruritus • TP53

THE USE OF FENOFIBRATE AS TREATMENT FOR CHOLESTATIC PRURITUS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS (ESPGHAN 2025) - "Methods Retrospective review of data collected from a prospective protocol on the use of fenofibrate in patients under 18 years old with moderate to severe pruritus (5D Itch score >15) refractory to UDCA, rifampicin, and cholestyramine due to fibrosing cholangiopathies. Conclusions The results of our study underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of fibrates in managing pruritus in pediatric patients with cholestatic diseases. These findings warrant further investigation through randomized clinical trials to better assess their efficacy and safety."

Clinical • Cholestasis • Dermatology • Fibrosis • Pediatrics • Pruritus

TRANSORAL OUTLET REDUCTION FOR TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY BILE ACID ESOPHAGITIS AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS AND BRAUN ENTEROENTEROSTOMY (SSAT 2025) - "Initial management involves treatment with bile acid sequestrants such as ursodeoxycholic acid and PPI therapy...She was initially trialed on PPI and bile acid sequestrants including cholestyramine and colestipol with mild relief of her symptoms...TORe has gained increasing recognition for treatment of weight recurrence in patients with dilated GJ outlet after RYGB. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the use of TORe for treatment of refractory bile acid reflux in a patient with RYGB and dilated GJ outlet."

Bariatric surgery • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Pain • Peptic Ulcer

TRANSORAL OUTLET REDUCTION FOR TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY BILE ACID ESOPHAGITIS AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS AND BRAUN ENTEROENTEROSTOMY (DDW 2025) - "Initial management involves treatment with bile acid sequestrants such as ursodeoxycholic acid and PPI therapy...She was initially trialed on PPI and bile acid sequestrants including cholestyramine and colestipol with mild relief of her symptoms...TORe has gained increasing recognition for treatment of weight recurrence in patients with dilated GJ outlet after RYGB. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the use of TORe for treatment of refractory bile acid reflux in a patient with RYGB and dilated GJ outlet."

Bariatric surgery • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Pain • Peptic Ulcer

MICROSCOPIC COLITIS IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (DDW 2025) - "These must have examined the effects of any of the following treatments: Glucocorticoids, antidiarrheals, cholestyramine, bismuth subsalicylate, biologics, immunomodulators, 5-ASA preparations, and dietary and/or lifestyle modifications...Biologics (vedolizumab, infliximab) and bismuth had the lowest reported recurrence rates. Although the methodological quality of the studies included was high, the small sample sizes for each treatment-outcome combination and the resulting low precision led to low certainty of the results. Further research efforts are warranted to better delineate optimal treatment approach for pediatric MC."

Clinical • Review • Celiac Disease • CNS Disorders • Depression • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Mood Disorders • Pain • Pediatrics • Psychiatry