icosapent ethyl / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Cardioprotective mechanism of ω-3 fatty acid icosapent ethyl (IPE) in cardiomyocytes: role in high glucose and shear stress-induced mechano-transduction dysregulation. (PubMed, Cardiovasc Diabetol) - "Our results demonstrate a cardioprotective role of IPE through modulation of hyperglycaemia-induced mechano-transduction dysregulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, our results on a shear stress model showing that IPE restores upstream regulators of YAP/TAZ and reduces disturbed flow-induced activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, suggest that IPE may exert a therapeutic effect on cardiovascular disorders associated with disturbed blood flow and hemodynamic stress."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

Eligibility for Icosapent ethyl in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A real-world cohort study. (PubMed, Int J Cardiol) - "In a large real-world cohort of acute and chronic coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac rehabilitation, over 10 % of patients were theoretically eligible for IPE based on clinical trial criteria. However, less than 1 % met current AIFA eligibility conditions due to added restrictions, highlighting a significant barrier to implementation in clinical practice."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Acute Coronary Syndrome • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Hypertriglyceridemia

Lipid-Lowering Therapy Is Underutilized Across LDL-C Levels in Autoimmune Disease Compared to Diabetes: A Nationwide Analysis (AHA 2025) - "Statins included atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin. Non-statin therapies included icosapent ethyl, colesevelam, alirocumab, evolocumab, Bempedoic acid, cholestyramine, Inclisiran, colestipol, ezetimibe, gemfibrozil, omega-3 acid, fenofibrate...Non-statin lipid-lowering therapy use was significantly lower in autoimmune patients compared to those with diabetes across all LDL-C tertiles, with the largest differences observed at LDL <70 mg/dL (6.19% vs 10.24%, p<0.0001) and 70–99 mg/dL (4.05% vs 7.06%, p<0.0001).ConclusionDespite comparable ASCVD risk, patients with autoimmune disease are significantly less likely to receive statins or non-statin lipid-lowering therapy than those with DM across LDL-C levels. These findings show a need for improved cardiovascular prevention in this high-risk population."

Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Innovative Lipid-Lowering Strategies: RNA-Based, Small Molecule, and Protein-Based Therapies. (PubMed, Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)) - "While 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, as well as ezetimibe, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids have established roles in lipid lowering, significant residual risk persists in many patients due to insufficient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and genetically determined elevations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). Clinical outcome trials have validated bempedoic acid, PCSK9 inhibitors, and icosapent ethyl, while large-scale programs are ongoing for obicetrapib, oral PCSK9 inhibitors, Lp(a)-targeted oligonucleotides, and ANGPTL3-directed RNA therapeutics. This review summarizes the mechanisms, pivotal trials, and clinical implications of innovative lipid-lowering therapies, highlighting how they may reshape future treatment algorithms for ASCVD prevention."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • ANGPTL3 • APOB

Icosapent Ethyl in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation (REDUCE IT) (AHA 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Attenuates Oxidation of Lp(a) and other Atherogenic Lipoproteins by a Potential Scavenging Mechanism (AHA 2025) - "The omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) EPA (20:5) delivered as icosapent ethyl (4 g/d) reduced CV events in high-risk patients, including those with elevated Lp(a) (REDUCE-IT).Hypothesis: We suspect EPA blunts lipid oxidation via the 5 methylene-interrupted alkene bonds on EPA, and this structure favors radical scavenging in lipoprotein particles – including Lp(a) – more than comparable agents at pharmacologic concentrations. Lp(a), small dense LDL (sdLDL), and TG-rich lipoproteins (VLDL) were enriched to 66% of total ApoB-containing particles (the remaining 34% being LDL) from patients following isopycnic centrifugation... In Lp(a)-enriched plasma, Lp(a) underwent more rapid oxidation than other ApoB-containing particles. EPA attenuated oxidation of all particles at pharmacologic levels in contrast with other lipid-centric antioxidants tested, which is consistent with a radical scavenging mechanism. The potent inhibition of Lp(a) oxidation by EPA may contribute to the benefit..."

Cardiovascular • APOB

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Combination Enhanced Expression of Src Kinase and Related Pathways in Endothelial Cells during Inflammation (AHA 2025) - "The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) delivered as icosapent ethyl (IPE) and certain GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) independently reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk through potentially multifactorial mechanisms. Yet, the combined effects of these agents on CV risk remain poorly understood.Hypothesis: We suspected the combination of the GLP-1RA liraglutide (lira) and EPA would modulate protein expression, including c-Src, in ECs during inflammation. Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were challenged with Ang II (100 nM) for 2 h, then treated with lira (50 nM) and/or EPA (40 µM) for 24 h. Global proteomic analysis performed by mass spectroscopy measured the relative expression levels simultaneously... In ECs, EPA and lira enhanced expression of Src kinase and related signaling pathways and proteins compared to their separate effects. These pathways indicate the activation of EC migration and junctions in response to this combination. These potentially..."

Cardiovascular • Inflammation • ENG • HMOX1

12-Hepe Regulates the Antiplatelet Effects of Epa, the ω-3 Fatty Acid (ASH 2024) - "Supplementation with EPA alone provides cardiovascular protection, and the recent REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated the effectiveness of icosapent ethyl, a modified form of EPA, at reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events in at risk patients...These findings provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of EPA. A better understanding of current PUFA supplements containing EPA can inform treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases."

Cardiovascular • Thrombosis • ALOX15

Impact of PCSK9 inhibitor,GLP-1 Analog Therapy,Genetic Testing in Patient with Family History of CAD (OBESITY WEEK 2025) - "Background: This study explores lipid management through pharmacological interventions in a patient, highlighting persistent low HDL-C & elevated LDL-C levels, with impact of medications, lifestyle changes & genetic testing.A 41-year-old man with class 1 obesity and family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) presents for persistently low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)...With statin intolerance, Ezetimibe started (May 2022), lowering LDL-C(121 mg/dL)...1 month after starting Icosapent ethyl and Tirzepatide, LDL-C(42 mg/dl), TG (99 mg/dl) & HDL-C(37 mg/dL) & NMR Lipoprotein analysis showing low HDL particle number (HDL-P) of 23.2 μmol/l in June 24... Evolocumab & Tirzepatide effectively reduced LDL-C (42 mg/dL), however minimal changes in HDL-C (36.8 to 37.3 mg/dL) with low HDL-P. Genetic testing was negative for commonly targeted FH genes, however, these test panels..."

Clinical • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Dyslipidemia • Epilepsy • Familial Hypercholesterolemia • Gene Therapies • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Mixed Hyperlipidemia • Myocardial Infarction • Obesity • DEPDC5

Hypertriglyceridaemia: A practical approach for primary care. (PubMed, Aust J Gen Pract) - "Hypertriglyceridaemia is often attributable to secondary causes, which should be identified and addressed. Healthy lifestyle modifications targeting diet, exercise, alcohol consumption and weight are fundamental. Statins should be prescribed according to cardiovascular risk assessment and can reduce triglyceride levels. Icosapent ethyl is subsidised on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients with cardiovascular disease and mild-to-moderate fasting hypertriglyceridaemia (1.7-5.6 mmol/L). In patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (>5.6 mmol/L), intensive triglyceride-lowering with lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy is recommended to reduce pancreatitis risk. Specialist referral should be considered for severe cases of hypertriglyceridaemia or when primary genetic causes are suspected."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Pancreatitis • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

Impact of Escalating Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Lipid Biomarkers (AHA 2025) - "Participants were categorized into three treatment groups: statin monotherapy, statin plus icosapent ethyl (IPE), and triple therapy with statin, IPE, and a PCSK9 inhibitor...Escalation of lipid-lowering therapy, particularly with the addition of PCSK9 inhibition, was associated with a significant attenuation of CAC progression and marked improvement in lipid biomarkers. These findings support the use of intensive lipid-lowering strategies to mitigate atherosclerotic progression."

Biomarker • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Limits Lipoprotein(a) Oxidation and its Related Effects on Endothelial Cell Stress Response Protein Expression (AHA 2025) - "EPA administered as icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced CV events in high-risk, statin-treated patients (REDUCE-IT), including those with elevated Lp(a) levels... EPA attenuated Lp(a)-enriched oxidation over time, which resulted in differential expression of proteins involved in HUVEC inflammatory responses. Inhibition of Lp(a) oxidation by EPA, administered as IPE, may reduce vascular dysfunction and inflammation, thereby contributing to lower CV risk in patients with elevated Lp(a) levels."

IO biomarker • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • APOB • BAG1 • BAG3 • BCL2 • HMOX1 • MMP1

Efficacy of Icosapent Ethyl for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction by Aspirin Use in REDUCE-IT (AHA 2025) - "Among patients with elevated triglycerides, controlled LDL, and high CV risk, icosapent ethyl reduced CV outcomes irrespective of aspirin use. These findings suggest icosapent ethyl has CV benefit incremental to concomitant background therapy with statins plus aspirin."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertriglyceridemia

Cardiology Medications and Medicare Spending: Opportunities for Savings Using Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company and Costco Member Prescription Program Pricing (AHA 2025) - "For these drugs, the average percent savings was 20%. The top 3 drugs by potential savings with CMPP pricing were also dapagliflozin propanediol ($1.8 billion; 40% savings), icosapent ethyl ($130 million; 13% savings), and ezetimibe ($68 million; 22% savings; Table 2).ConclusionsOur analysis found that a notable subset of cardiology drugs demonstrated substantial cost reductions through MCCPDC and CMPP purchasing, potentially representing meaningful savings when compared to Medicare Part D."

Medicare • Pricing • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • Cardiovascular

Trends in Out-of-Pocket Spending for Drugs Under Medicare Part D in Coronary Artery Disease and the Impact of the Inflation Reduction Act (AHA 2025) - "C1 included ticagrelor, isosorbide mononitrate, and atorvastatin; C2 is C1 + ezetimibe; C3 is C2 +bempedoic acid; C4 is C2 + evolocumab; and C5 is C3 + icosapent ethyl and ranolazine. From 2020–2024, modest cost reductions were observed ( C5: $5,632 to $4,400). After the IRA cap in 2025, costs approached or reached $2,000 for all regimens. However, C1 and C2, previously low-cost, paradoxically saw significant OOP increases (C1: +$795, p = 0.0068; C2: +$878, p = 0.009), while C5 experienced a significant reduction (–$2,366, p = 0.005)."

Medicare • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease

Trends in utilization and cost of triglyceride-lowering therapies among Medicare beneficiaries: An analysis from the Medicare part D database. (PubMed, Am J Prev Cardiol) - "We used the Medicare Part D Prescriber dataset from 2013 to 2021 to identify all generic and brand name formulations of triglyceride-lowering therapies (fibrates, omega-3 acid ethyl esters, and niacin)...These trends likely reflect changes in the evidence base and guideline recommendations for hypertriglyceridemia treatment. While most beneficiaries received generic medications when available, substantial spending on brand name medications persists, indicating potential missed opportunities for cost savings."

Journal • Medicare • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Hypertriglyceridemia

BEYOND CARDIOVASCULAR BENEFITS: HEMOPTYSIS LINKED TO ICOSAPENT ETHYL THERAPY (CHEST 2025) - "While the precise mechanism of Icosapent ethyl cardiovascular benefits remains unclear, it has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding (12%), particularly in patients concurrently taking antithrombotic agents like aspirin, clopidogrel, or warfarin. While the REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated an increased bleeding risk with Icosapent ethyl, this did not translate into a higher incidence of fatal bleeding events, such as hemorrhagic stroke or severe gastrointestinal bleeding. The bleeding risk may be attributed to Icosapent ethyl's potential antithrombotic properties, which could affect platelet function clotting mechanisms. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing Icosapent ethyl, especially in patients with a history bleeding or those on concurrent anticoagulant therapy."

Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Cough • Dyslipidemia • Gastroenterology • Hematological Disorders • Hypertriglyceridemia • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

ERUPTIVE XANTHOMA AS A SIGN OF SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA (CHEST 2025) - "Endocrinology restarted fenofibrate and initiated icosapent ethyl, atorvastatin, and ezetimibe. Eruptive xanthomatosis is a key clinical marker of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Early recognition and aggressive lipid-lowering therapy can prevent complications such as acute pancreatitis without the need for plasmapheresis."

Crohn's disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Gastroenterology • Genetic Disorders • Hypertriglyceridemia • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Nephrology • Obesity • Pancreatitis • Renal Disease • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • LPL

A data-driven mathematical model for evaluating the societal and economic burden of delayed access to innovative medicines. (PubMed, AIMS Public Health) - "The proposed model incorporated mortality probabilities through the Heligman-Pollard (HP) model, examining how delays influence health outcomes, particularly for patients awaiting treatments like Icosapent ethyl...By ensuring completeness, consistency, and reliability in healthcare data, the framework advocates for evidence-based policy decisions that promote equitable healthcare access and minimize disparities. The present study underscores the importance of efficient pharmaceutical policymaking in maximizing the societal benefits of innovative treatments, ensuring that both health outcomes and economic sustainability are prioritized in healthcare systems."

HEOR • Journal

Stima dei pazienti potenzialmente eleggibili alla terapia con icosapent etile in Italia mediante revisione dei dati di letteratura. (PubMed, Glob Reg Health Technol Assess) - No abstract available

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Hypertriglyceridemia • Metabolic Disorders

Icosapent ethyl-induced lipoprotein remodeling and its impact on cardiovascular disease risk markers in normolipidemic individuals. (PubMed, JCI Insight) - "Of the pro-atherogenic properties tested, IPE significantly reduced apoB lipoprotein binding to proteoglycans, which correlated with lower apoB particle concentration, cholesterol content, and specific lipid species in LDL, including phosphatidylcholine 38:3 previously associated with CVD.CONCLUSIONThese findings highlight IPE's rapid, uniform remodeling of lipoproteins and reduced proteoglycan binding, likely contributing to previously observed CVD risk reduction. Persistent interindividual lipidome signatures underscore the potential for personalized therapeutic approaches in atherosclerotic CVD treatment.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT04152291.FUNDINGJenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, Research Council of Finland, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Ida Montin Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, and Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation."

Biomarker • Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • APOB

Prevention of Heart Failure With Icosapent Ethyl Results in Cost-Savings in the Spanish Population With Established Cardiovascular Disease. (PubMed, Value Health Reg Issues) - "This study demonstrated that the use of icosapent ethyl in patients at high risk for cardiovascular diseases with established cardiovascular disease will result in cost savings in Spanish hospitals, as the benefits of preventing heart failure outweigh the acquisition costs of icosapent ethyl."

HEOR • Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Serial Coronary CTA for Monitoring Response to Lipid-Lowering Therapy: A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Curr Atheroscler Rep) - "This review summarizes current evidence on the use of serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to monitor the effects of lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs)-including statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and icosapent ethyl-on coronary plaque regression...Serial CCTA is a valuable noninvasive tool for monitoring the effects of LLTs on coronary plaque progression aiding in risk stratification. However, wider clinical adoption is limited by cost, radiation exposure, contrast-related risks, and technical challenges in some patient populations."

Journal • Review • Acute Coronary Syndrome • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease

SALVAGE: IcoSApent ethyL to Slow Down Aortic VAlve Stenosis proGrEssion (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=110 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA) | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Cardiovascular

EPA&LDL: The Effect of E-EPA on Circulating LDL and Plasma Lipid Metabolism (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=68 | Completed | Sponsor: Wihuri Research Institute | Unknown status ➔ Completed | N=50 ➔ 68 | Trial completion date: Dec 2020 ➔ Dec 2024

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders