thymopentin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Efficacy and Safety of PRaG Therapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced Malignant Tumors: A Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Study Protocol (PRaG 9.0 Study). (PubMed, Technol Cancer Res Treat) - P2 | "All of the eligible patients will have had to receive at least two cycles of PRaG therapy until disease progression or intolerable adverse effects occurred. The study protocol was approved on September 12, 2023, by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (JD-LK-2023-082-I01) and by the ethics committees of all of the participating centers (Trial Registration Number: NCT06112041)."

Clinical protocol • Journal • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CSF2

Thymopentin Enhances Antitumor Immunity Through Thymic Rejuvenation and T Cell Functional Reprogramming. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " TP5 represents a promising immunomodulator that addresses fundamental limitations of current T cell therapies by simultaneously enhancing T cell function and reversing thymic involution under immunocompromised conditions. Our findings provide compelling evidence for TP5's clinical translation in cancer treatment."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Hepatocellular Cancer • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thymus Cancer

Effectiveness and safety of thymopentin for infection prophylaxis in peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective study. (PubMed, BMC Nephrol) - "Thymopentin use was associated with reduced infection risk and favorable changes in inflammatory and nutritional markers among peritoneal dialysis patients. These findings suggest potential benefits of Thymopentin in this population."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • CD4 • CD8 • IL2RA • IL6

Novel Hybrid Peptide DEFB126 (1-39)-TP5 Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress by Neutralizing LPS and Blocking the TLR4/MD2-NFκB Signaling Axis. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "In recent years, some native bioactive peptides, such as human β-defensin 126 (DEFB126) and thymopentin (TP5), have been reported to have inhibitory effects against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress...Furthermore, our study revealed that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of DTP were associated with LPS neutralization, blockade of LPS binding to the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, reduction in reactive oxygen species content, and inhibition of the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB) signaling pathway. These results elucidate the structural and functional properties of the peptide DTP, reveal its underlying molecular mechanisms, and shed light on its potential as a multifunctional agent for applications in agriculture, food technology, and clinical therapeutics."

Journal • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Septic Shock • CAT • DEFB126 • IL1B • IL6 • TLR4 • TNFA

Self-assembly driven nano-salinomycin for high-efficiency cancer immunotherapy by reticulum stress mediated stemness suppression. (PubMed, Biomaterials) - "Salinomycin, as a polyether antibiotic demonstrating robust cytotoxicity against tumor stem cell, is co-assembled with thymopentin (TP5) and ER-targeted phototherapeutic agent s-780, and tailored with DSPE-PEG-biotin to obtain DTSS NPs. Importantly, salomycin synergistically boosted s-780-mediated ER stress to effectively inhibit the stemness of cancer cells, thereby enhancing the responsiveness of cancer cells to T cells. As expected, DTSS NPs activate systemic immunity and suppress cancer metastasis and recurrence, providing promising solutions for sensitizing cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting cancer cell stemness."

IO biomarker • Journal • Oncology

Neprilysin regulates the progression of glioblastoma: an in-vitro study using siRNA mediated gene silencing and HDAC1 mediated upregulation of neprilysin in U87 MG cells. (PubMed, Mol Cell Biochem) - "Neprilysin (NEP) is a neutral endopeptidase that has gained attention due to its ability to cleave diverse peptides such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), substance P, amyloid-β, thymopentin etc. NEP plays an important role in the functioning of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and various cancers...Further, in-vitro scratch assays were performed on U87 MG cells to understand the effect of NEP silencing, as well as its upregulation using certain HDAC1 inhibitors identified through in-silico studies (melphalan, tasimelteon and panobinostat), to study the cancer progression...These results suggest an inverse correlation between the NEP levels and GBM proliferation. The tumor suppression exhibited by NEP could be attributed to its degradation of mitogenic proteins such as FGF-2, IGFs etc. In conclusion, NEP can be a promising biomarker and a drug..."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Glioblastoma • Hypertension • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • FGF2 • HDAC1

Thymopentin-integrated self-assembling nanoplatform for enhanced photo-immunotherapy in diabetic wound healing. (PubMed, J Colloid Interface Sci) - "This study presents a novel nanoplatform that synergistically combines photothermal sterilization, TP5-mediated immune regulation, and Phl-driven antioxidant effects, offering a promising strategy for managing complex diabetic wounds. This modular design highlights the potential for translating multifunctional nanotherapies into clinical applications for the treatment of chronic wounds."

Journal • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Evidence-Based Recommendations for Managing Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis From the Pediatric Dermatology Special Interest Group of IADVL. (PubMed, Int J Dermatol) - "Based on the study results, we conclude that topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors are effective and safe in mild to moderate pediatric AD. It was also demonstrated that while systemic monotherapy with dupilumab (in age groups younger than 6 months) and JAK inhibitors (like abrocitinib and upadacitinib in those younger than 12 years) is highly effective in rapidly reducing severity scores, their high cost and limited availability restrict their use in countries like India. In such settings, cyclosporine (and sometimes oral prednisolone in tapering doses over 2 weeks) is still recommended as a first-line therapy in severe AD while planning for steroid-sparing agents."

Journal • Retrospective data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Pediatrics

Control Over Kinetic Self-Assembly of Phthalocyanine into Photothermal Nano-Vaccine Enabling Tunable Superlarge Absorption Redshift. (PubMed, Adv Healthc Mater) - "This effect is further augmented by the immunomodulatory effects of thymopentin, exhibiting vaccine-like capabilities in suppressing the growth of distant tumors. This research demonstrates unprecedented levels of control over supramolecular structures and their superlarge red-shifted absorption, providing great opportunities for future design and construction of supramolecular NIR materials with fascinating properties toward cancer treatments."

Journal • Oncology

Entire Encapsulation of Thymopentin by Extended Biphen[3]arene Carboxylate for Improving Plasma Stability. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Notably, host-guest complexation by ExBP3C could maintain 24.85% of the original thymopentin amount for 60 min in the presence of rat plasma, whereas free thymopentin, or co-dosed with CP5A and cucurbit[7]uril, underwent rapid degradation and became undetectable within just 30 min. In addition, cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays preliminary demonstrated that the employment of ExBP3C as a supplementary material was relatively nontoxic at a cellular level."

Journal • Hematological Disorders

Self-assembled palmitic acid-modified thymopentin functions as a delivery system of nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. (PubMed, Chembiochem) - "The immunogenicity of OVA model antigen was increased in vivo when capsulated by TP-5 lipopeptide nanoparticle, which considerably slowed the growth of B16-OVA melanoma. This fatty acid-modified TP-5 assembled nanoparticle offers a straightforward and useful delivery system for the design of innovative nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy."

Journal • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • TLR2 • TNFA

Copper-coordination driven brain-targeting nanoassembly for efficient glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy by cuproptosis-mediated tumor immune microenvironment reprogramming. (PubMed, J Nanobiotechnology) - "To achieve this, the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphorus (TPP) was linked to photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) to form TPP-Ce6 (TCe6), which was then self-assembled with copper ions and thymopentin (TP5) to obtain TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs...Moreover, TP5 significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes to further amplify the cancer immunity cycle. Collectively, our TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs effectively facilitate drug accumulation and activate systemic antitumor immunity in vitro and in vivo, providing an innovative solution across the BBB that potentiates GBM immunotherapy."

IO biomarker • Journal • Brain Cancer • CNS Tumor • Glioblastoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • PD-L1

Molecular hybridization modification improves the stability and immunomodulatory activity of TP5 peptide. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Thymopentin (TP5) plays an important role in host immunomodulation, yet its bioavailability is significantly limited by its short half-life...A combination of antibody-specific blocking assay, SPR, molecular dynamics simulations and western blotting suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of YTP is associated with its activation of the TLR2-NF-кB signaling axis. In sum, we demonstrate that peptide hybridization is an effective strategy for redirecting biological activity to generate novel bioactive molecules with desired properties."

Immunomodulating • Journal • Immunology • IL1B • IL6 • TLR2 • TNFA

Adaptive covalently assembled thymopentin/hyaluronic acid based anti-inflammatory drug carrier with injectability and controlled release. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "In addition, traditional Chinese-medicine-loaded TGCP/HA can effectively reduce the level of the inflammatory factor IL-6, indicating its potential anti-inflammatory properties. The TP5/HA-based material possesses excellent carrier properties and immunoreactivity, making it attractive for reducing inflammation at disease sites and long-term drug delivery in various chronic diseases."

Journal • Inflammation • IL6

Structural analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide and its regulatory functions on T cells subsets in tumor-bearing mice combined with thymopentin. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "The SMEP+TP5 treatments could effectively promote the differentiation and improve the specific recognition capacity of CD4+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice, thereby activate tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells to exert cytotoxic effects, finally promoting the tumor cells apoptosis via blocking cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, which might be relevant with suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings highlighted the potential of SMEP as an immunoadjuvant for patients bearing immune-deficiency related diseases, and provided data support for the functional researches of T cell subsets in tumor immunity."

Journal • Preclinical • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4 • CD8

Thymopentapeptide Affects T-Cell Subsets by Modulating the Flora of the Skin Surface to Alleviate Psoriasis. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "In this study, we investigated the therapeutic impact of topical thymopentin (TP5) on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in mice, as well as the modulatory influence of TP5 on the skin immune milieu and the skin surface microbiota. Firmicutes dominated the skin microbial diversity after TP5 treatment, while Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, TM7, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and other species dominated in the IMQ group. TP5 may treat psoriasis by modulating the epidermal flora, reducing NF-κB pathway expression, and influencing T-cell subsets."

Journal • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis • CD4 • CD8 • IL17A

Cellular Uptake and Transport Mechanism Investigations of PEGylated Niosomes for Improving the Oral Delivery of Thymopentin. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "This research has illustrated that PEG-niosomes were able to enhance the cellular uptake and maintain the cellular transport of TP5. This study also shows this formulation's potential to serve as an effective carrier for improving the oral delivery of peptides."

Journal

Thymopentin plays a key role in restoring the function of macrophages to alleviate the sepsis process. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "It was shown that TP5 plays a key role in restoring the function of peritoneal macrophages to alleviate the sepsis process. We reckon that this is closely relevant to SPM phagocytosis, which might involve increased PGLYRP1 expression and restored TNF-α secretion."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock • TNFA

The Prospective Clinical Study of Precision PRaG Therapy in Elderly Patients With Advanced Solid Malignant Tumors (PRaG9.0) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=29 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

Metastases • New P2 trial • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor