Typbar TCV (typhoid Vi conjugate vaccine) / Bharat Biotech - LARVOL DELTA

Persistence of immune responses 5 years after vaccination with a single dose of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Nepalese children. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "This study provides evidence that anti-Vi immunity is sustained for at least 5 years post-vaccination. Children vaccinated at younger ages showed a faster decline, highlighting the need for further investigation into the optimal age for vaccination and the need for boosters."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Meningococcal Infections

A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immune Response of the GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) Quadrivalent Pan-Salmonella Vaccine With and Without Alum in Healthy Young Adults (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=196 | Recruiting | Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Infectious Disease

Trivalent Salmonella Conjugate Vaccine (TSCV) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=800 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: University of Maryland, Baltimore | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed

A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immune Response of the GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) Quadrivalent Pan-Salmonella Vaccine With and Without Alum in Healthy Young Adults (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=196 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline

New P1 trial • Infectious Disease

Genomic analysis of Salmonella Typhi from a typhoid conjugate vaccine trial. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "A Phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial enrolled 28,130 healthy children aged 9 months through 12 years of age to receive either TCV (Typbar-TCV, Bharat Biotech) or meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MenA)...Nearly all isolates (135 out of 136) carried genes encoding resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol...These findings suggest no detectable short-term evolutionary impact of TCV on circulating S. Typhi populations in this Phase 3 trial. However, given the limited follow-up period and S. Typhi's relatively slow substitution rate, continued genomic surveillance in this population after national TCV introduction in 2023 is essential to detect evolutionary responses to vaccine pressure."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease • Meningococcal Infections

METHODS FOR A RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL OF OPPORTUNISTIC PCV USE IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION IN TIMOR-LESTE (ISPPD 2026) - "A total of 214 participants will be randomised (1:1) to receive either a dose of Pneumosil (intervention group) or a dose of a Typbar TCV (control group). Secondary endpoints include functional and salivary immune responses, longevity of immune responses to 6 months after vaccination, and re-hospitalisation or death.Conclusions Current WHO recommendations and many national guidelines on PCV use include catch-up schedules and booster doses for high-risk groups. Evidence on the immunogenicity of PCV in SAM may support opportunistic vaccination as a novel part of standard care."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Effectiveness of the TYPHIBEV® (Vi-CRM197 conjugate) Vaccine Introduction in Nepal: A Test-Negative, Case-Control Study. (PubMed, J Infect) - "The findings indicate that TYPHIBEV® was highly effective in preventing typhoid fever over a 30-month follow-up period following national introduction, with effectiveness estimates comparable to those observed for Typbar-TCV®."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

MEQ00064: Study of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MenACYW Conjugate Vaccine) Given With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in India and the Republic of South Africa (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1528 | Completed | Sponsor: Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Meningococcal Infections • Pediatrics

OPTIMAL: Opportunistic Pneumococcal Immunisation Trial in MALnutrition (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=214 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Nick Fancourt | Initiation date: Apr 2025 ➔ Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 ➔ Mar 2028

Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Safety and non-inferiority of multidose and single-dose vial formulations of EuTCV Vi-CRM197 versus Typbar TCV in healthy participants in Kenya and Senegal: a multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, phase 3 study. (PubMed, Lancet Glob Health) - "These data show that EuTCV Vi-CRM197 is immunologically non-inferior to Typbar TCV in infants 28 days after vaccination and that the overall safety and reactogenicity profiles in healthy infants, children, and adults studied in Kenya and Senegal were similar to Typbar TCV. These data support WHO prequalification."

Clinical • Head-to-Head • Journal • P3 data • Infectious Disease • Measles • Rubella

Salmonella Typhi Vi-specific serological profiling among children, adolescents, and adutls after typhoid vaccination in endemic area (ASTMH 2025) - "To overcome this limitation, typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) have been developed, and four TCVs have been WHO-prequalified (Typbar TCV®, TYPHBEV®, SKY Typhoid, and Zyvac®)...Functional activities (ADCP, ADCD, ADNP) were increased after 2nd dose of TCV, especially in children although comparable anti-Vi IgG were observed post vaccination between first and second dose. Distinct biomarkers between children and adults would be helpful to understand immune responses and antibody-mediated protection against typhoid infection."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Infectious Disease

Safety and immunogenicity of locally produced typhoid conjugate vaccine in Bangladesh: A randomized controlled, double-blinded, non-inferiority trial (ASTMH 2025) - "Three large Phase III efficacy trials of Typbar-TCV (Vi-polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid) conducted in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Malawi demonstrated that Typbar-TCV provides 85%, 78%, and 84% protection in children aged 9 months to under 16 years, respectively...The findings of this study will be helpful to inform the country's decision-making for the introduction of Typhocon into the routine expanded programme on immunisation in Bangladesh. It will increase the supply of TCVs and meet the demand for vaccines in Bangladesh and the region."

Clinical • Head-to-Head • Infectious Disease • Tetanus

Real-world vaccine effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "No previously published systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of TCV. Evidence on real-world effectiveness is needed to support typhoid endemic countries considering the introduction of TCV into their national immunisation program."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease

Immunogenicity and Safety Results of a Randomized, Three-Arm, Phase IV Clinical Trial of Concomitant Administration of Typhoid Vi Conjugate Vaccine with Measles and Rubella Vaccine in Healthy Infants. (PubMed, Viruses) - "Most adverse events were mild, and only one serious adverse event was reported. These findings support the co-administration of TCV and MR vaccine as a safe and effective strategy."

Clinical • Journal • P4 data • Infectious Disease • Measles • Rubella

Enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever. (PubMed, Lancet) - "Azithromycin, ciprofloxacin (excepting cases originating in south Asia due to drug resistance), or ceftriaxone are recommended treatment options for both typhoid and paratyphoid; however, choice should be guided by local resistance patterns. Three vaccine types are available for prevention of typhoid disease, including the newer, more effective typhoid Vi-conjugate vaccines. Vaccination as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene measures are cornerstones of prevention."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain

Comparative immune response of Typbar TCV® (typhoid conjugate vaccine) in extremes of age: An Indian experience. (PubMed, Hum Vaccin Immunother) - "Results established that Typbar TCV® induced significantly higher antibody titer compared to Typhim Vi on days 28 and 90 (p < .001). Thus, Typbar TCV® was studied effectively from 6 months to above 85 years, which is the upper age limit. CTRI Registration number: CTRI/2016/01/006476, CTRI/2024/06/069638."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease

Trivalent Salmonella Conjugate Vaccine (TSCV) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=800 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University of Maryland, Baltimore | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2025 ➔ Jan 2027 | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 ➔ Dec 2027

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

IAPSM's Position Paper on Typhoid Vaccines for Adult Immunization in India. (PubMed, Indian J Community Med) - "IAPSM suggests routine use of Typbar-TCV™ for adults up to 45 years old in India. The organization also highlights the necessity for post-marketing surveillance of these vaccines, to monitor the long-term safety and effectiveness of various vaccines in different communities. IAPSM encourages members to take front-line efforts in their community health service areas, and finally appeals for the development of vaccines to cover a more extensive range of Salmonella infections so that control over typhoid can be strengthened."

Journal • Infectious Disease

OPTIMAL: Opportunistic Pneumococcal Immunisation Trial in MALnutrition (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=264 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Nick Fancourt

New P4 trial • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

ZyVac-TCV Bangladesh Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=4000 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

New P3 trial • Infectious Disease

Non-inferiority Trial of Locally Manufactured Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine 'Typhocon' in Bangladesh (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=630 | Completed | Sponsor: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Head-to-Head • Trial completion • Infectious Disease

Results from a Phase III study to assess the safety, immune response, and lot-to-lot consistency of EuTCV single-dose and multi-dose formulation compared to the comparator vaccine Typbar-TCV® in healthy African adults and young children 6 months . (ASTMH 2024) - "In Cohort 3, immunogenicity assessments included typhoid (anti-Vi polysaccharide geometric mean titer and seroconversion rates 28 days and 6 months post-vaccination) and seroconversion rates following measles, rubella, and yellow fever vaccination. We report the results of this Phase III study which will be submitted as part of the PQ dossier."

Clinical • P3 data • Infectious Disease • Measles • Rubella

MEQ00064: Study of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MenACYW Conjugate Vaccine) Given With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in India and the Republic of South Africa (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1528 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Infectious Disease • Meningococcal Infections • Pediatrics

Field Effectiveness of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine: The 2018 Navi Mumbai Pediatric TCV Campaign. (PubMed, Am J Trop Med Hyg) - "The adjusted odds ratio of typhoid fever among vaccinated children was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.05-0.55), equivalent to a vaccine effectiveness of 83.7% (95% CI: 45.0-95.3). Vaccine effectiveness of Typbar-TCV in this large public sector vaccine introduction was similar to prior randomized controlled trials, providing reassurance to policymakers that TCV effectiveness is robust in a large-scale implementation."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Longevity of serologic responses following a single dose of typhoid conjugate vaccine among children living with HIV in Pakistan: A prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "There was a decline in seroconversion after one year of TCV in children living with HIV. The decline was significant in children with severe or advanced HIV disease. A significant decrease in seroconversion rates was observed among children living with HIV following one year of TCV administration."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease