emtricitabine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Genetic Subtypes, Pretreatment Drug Resistance, and Associated Factors Among Individuals Newly Diagnosed With HIV-1 in Zhejiang Province From 2022 to 2024: Cross-Sectional Study. (PubMed, JMIR Public Health Surveill) - "Pre-exposure prophylaxis was not associated with overall PDR; however, drug-specific analyses demonstrated significant associations between exposure prophylaxis and pretreatment resistance to emtricitabine (P<.001) and lamivudine (P<.001). HIV-1 genetic diversity in Zhejiang Province remains complex and dynamic, accompanied by an increasing prevalence of PDR. Although exposure prophylaxis was not linked to overall PDR, its association with emtricitabine-specific resistance highlighted the need for strengthened HIV-1 testing prior to prophylaxis initiation and enhanced resistance surveillance, but they require confirmation in future studies."

Journal • Observational data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Evaluation of dried blood spots relative to peripheral blood mononuclear cells for intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate assessment using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "Tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) is widely used for HIV treatment and prevention. In conclusion, the observed moderate correlations between DBS and PBMC concentrations of TFV-DP and FTC-TP suggest that DBS may serve as a feasible sampling approach for population-level assessment of intracellular TFV-DP and FTC-TP exposure. The simplicity of DBS sample collection and handling may facilitate large-scale clinical studies and highlights its potential utility in future clinical research."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Clinically Relevant Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Reactivation in People With HIV After Withdrawal of Anti-HBV-Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Japan. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "HBV serological status at baseline was classified, and participants were followed during periods on ART without tenofovir, lamivudine, or emtricitabine...(log-rank P = .0084). In PWH receiving ART without anti-HBV activity, the risk of HBV infection and reactivation becomes apparent, particularly among those without anti-HBs, especially those with isolated anti-HBc, in settings with limited impact of universal HBV vaccination."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Skeletal effects of an antiretroviral drug emtricitabine with a potential involvement of AhR signaling (ASBMR 2026) - No abstract available

National cross-sectional survey on acquired HIV drug resistance in Haiti in 2023: warnings resistance to dolutegravir (AIDS 2026) - "3.77% of HIVs were resistant to dolutegravir and bictegravir, 4.4% to cabotegravir, 4.72% to raltegravir, and 5.03% to elvitegravir. Additionally, 15.19% of the viral strains were resistant to abacavir, 13.92% to lamivudine and emtricitabine, 6.65% to zidovudine, 8.23% to stavudine and didanosine, and 4.13% to tenofovir...Furthermore, some HIVs strains developed resistance against efavirenz (49.37%), nevirapine (50%), Rilpivirine (20.25%), Etravirine (12.66%), and doravirine (3.61%). Finally, HIV genome resistance was 0.63% against atazanavir/ritonavir and indinavir/ritonavir, 0.95% against lopinavir/ritonavir and 0.32% against darunavir/ritonavir. HIV acquired pharmacoresistance is moderate in Haiti and requires innovating adapted strategy for preventing its development, its transmission, and for protecting PLHIV health, while emphasizing on children and male individuals."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

ELDORADO: DORAvirine Versus DOlutegravir Based Antiretroviral Regimens in Treatment-nave People Living With HIV-1 Infection (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=610 | Recruiting | Sponsor: ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases | Trial completion date: Nov 2027 ➔ Jan 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2026 ➔ Jan 2028

Head-to-Head • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CYP3A5

Integrase inhibitor drug resistance among people with confirmed virologic failure on INSTI-based ART in Uruguay, 2024: an analysis using programmatic HIV drug resistance data (AIDS 2026) - "The objective of this analysis was to describe the number of DTG- or bictegravir (BIC)-associated resistance cases identified among PLWH with confirmed VF receiving DTG- or BIC-containing regimens in Uruguay’s national ART program for whom GRT was requested prior to regimen change...Of the eight sequences with DTG/BIC resistance, all had resistance to lamivudine/emtricitabine, two had resistance to tenofovir, and two to zidovudine (Table)... Among PLWH in Uruguay with confirmed VF while receiving DTG- or BIC-containing regimens and with a quality-assured GRT result available, we identified 8 cases with predicted DTG/BIC resistance, with preserved susceptibility to protease inhibitors. Although these findings arise from a selected subset (GRT requested and successful sequencing) and cannot be interpreted as population-level frequency, the detection of multiple resistance cases warrants attention as a programmatic signal of emerging integrase inhibitor resistance...."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Analytical performance of volumetric absorptive microsampling for LC–MS/MS quantification of antiretrovirals: a potential tool for TDM in pregnancy (AIDS 2026) - "VAMS-based TDM is an important innovation to support MTM in pregnant women living with HIV, a population in which ARV exposure may be unpredictable. The validated method enables individualized assessment of tenofovir, lamivudine, and emtricitabine using minimal plasma volumes and provides reliable data for population pharmacokinetic modeling. This approach may strengthen strategies for preventing vertical transmission, improving adherence, and guiding dose optimization."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Logistical challenges in scaling automated dispensing machines for HIV prevention: the SPrEPonline experience in São Paulo, Brazil (AIDS 2026) - "Each machine has a fixed physical capacity of 180 units of PrEP (emtricitabine), 80 units of tenofovir plus lamivudine, 80 units of dolutegravir for PEP, and 168 HIV self-tests. SPrEPonline is now a consolidated HIV prevention service in São Paulo, and automated dispensing machines show high user acceptability. However, sustaining and scaling this model will require restructuring supply workflows. Future strategies include outsourcing physical replenishment while maintaining public sector responsibility for technical oversight, system monitoring, and medication forecasting in coordination with the Ministry of Health."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

High prevalence of drug resistance associated polymorphisms in the RT connection and RNase H domains of HIV-1 subtype C in Botswana (AIDS 2026) - "Regimen-associated analyses revealed that L422K and G384K were enriched in individuals with a history of thymidine analogue exposure, L425V with tenofovir-containing regimens, and Q500Y, L503M, and Q507Y with lamivudine- or emtricitabine-based regimens. These findings demonstrate the adaptive evolution of HIV-1C within the RT-conn and RNase H domains under selective pressure from ART and underscore the importance of extended RT domain surveillance for monitoring viral adaptation and informing treatment strategies in Botswana."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Greenness, blueness, and whiteness profiles of HPTLC method for the simultaneous assay of tenofovir and emtricitabine in fixed-dose combination dosage forms. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "The greenness parameters of present method were better than reported HPTLC approaches. The findings of the study suggested that the recommended method may be applied to precisely evaluate TEN and ECT in commercial formulations."

Journal

Azvudine (FNC), a next-generation cytidine analog with broad inhibitory activity against drug-resistant HIV-1 strains via stabilization of the reverse transcriptase catalytic complex. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "FNC exhibited sub-nanomolar potency (EC50 = 0.0812-0.1596 nM) across diverse HIV-1 subtypes, achieving up to 3000-fold higher antiviral activity than lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC). These interactions provide a plausible structural basis for the retained potency against resistant mutants by stabilizing the catalytic complex, reducing excision, and impeding strand translocation. Collectively, these findings identify FNC as a structurally optimized cytidine analogue with broad activity against clinically relevant resistance variants, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for next-generation HIV-1 therapy."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Risk of Developing Low-Level Viral Rebound Among People With HIV Receiving 2- or 3-Drug Regimens: A Case-Control Study Nested in the ICONA Cohort. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "The cumulative incidence of LLVR after virological suppression was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the current antiretroviral therapy regimen (2DR [dolutegravir/lamivudine, dolutegravir/rilpivirine, dolutegravir/doravirine, or cabotegravir/rilpivirine] vs 3DR [dolutegravir, bictegravir, rilpivirine, doravirine, boosted darunavir, or boosted atazanavir-based with a backbone of tenofovir and lamivudine or emtricitabine]) and LLVR risk. After adjusting for confounding, evidence for an association with current regimen was inconclusive (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, .57-1.29]). Despite the wide range of plausibility, we can exclude a risk of LLVR higher than 29% when using 2DR versus 3DR regimens."

Clinical • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Characterisation of RT Connection and RNase H Polymorphisms in HIV-1 Subtype C in Botswana. (PubMed, Viruses) - "Several substitutions were significantly higher in TEVF and showed a history of thymidine analogue-, tenofovir- and lamivudine/emtricitabine-based exposure. Covariant analysis identified significant co-occurrence of polymerase mutations (M184V/I, D67N) with RT-conn/RNase H substitutions (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate HIV-1C evolution within the extended RT domains under ART pressure and support their inclusion in molecular surveillance frameworks in Botswana."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Digital Monitoring of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users Through Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Electronic Patient-Reported Experience Measures: Multicenter Prospective Study on Feasibility, Safety, and Predictive Modeling of Digital Engagement. (PubMed, J Med Internet Res) - "HIV-negative adults at high risk of HIV infection received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (245 mg) plus emtricitabine (200 mg). Naveta enabled feasible telemedicine-based PrEP follow-up with preserved HRQoL, high satisfaction, and stable safety. Combining longitudinal ePROMs/ePREMs with explainable machine learning allowed detailed characterization of digital engagement, supporting digitally supported PrEP care optimization and informing future comparative and cost-effectiveness studies."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

HAIROBS: Exploration of the Variability of Exposure to Antiretroviral Treatment in Hair With a View to Validating Its Value as a Diagnostic Tool for Partial and/or Total Non-compliance With Treatment (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=30 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University Hospital, Toulouse | Active, not recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Compliance • Enrollment open • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Optimizing On-Demand Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Dosing in Women for HIV Prevention. (PubMed, J Infect Dis) - "Using an established pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic tissue model of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), we predict that adding a fourth day of dosing to the 3-day IPERGAY on-demand PrEP regimen (currently approved for men/transgender women who have sex with men) will be efficacious for on-demand dosing in cisgender women."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Doravirine versus dolutegravir-based regimen in antiretroviral treatment-naive people living with HIV-1 (ANRS0392s ELDORADO): protocol for an international, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase III trial. (PubMed, BMJ Open) - P3 | "Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DOR 100 mg once daily in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (300 mg daily) plus lamivudine (3TC) (300 mg daily) or DTG (50 mg daily) in combination with TDF (300 mg once daily) plus either emtricitabine (FTC) (200 mg daily) or 3TC (300 mg daily). Results will also be communicated to policymakers, healthcare professionals, community stakeholders and study participants through appropriate dissemination activities, including policy briefs, stakeholder meetings and lay summaries on dedicated and easily accessible platforms. NCT06203132; EU-CT, 2023-508626-10-00."

Clinical protocol • Head-to-Head • Journal • P3 data • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders

Acute hepatitis B following a switch to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine in an individual with a history of hepatitis B vaccination. (PubMed, Sex Transm Infect) - "Unlike regimens containing tenofovir with lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC), it lacks therapeutic activity against the hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for non-immune individuals. We present a case of acute hepatitis B after switching to CAB+RPV LA in a previously vaccinated individual."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Use of dual ART in individuals with different HBV serological patterns. (PubMed, Curr Opin HIV AIDS) - "For people with HIV switching to 2DRs careful attention needs to be paid to preswitch HBV serological patterns. For those without previous exposure, and absence of HBsAb, vaccination is important. The risk of HBVr of switching to lamivudine-containing regimens is negligible, and low without tenofovir and lamivudine/emtricitabine. Careful monitoring and preswitch counselling is advised."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

The antiretroviral drug emtricitabine increases kynurenine : tryptophan ratio, aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, and cellular senescence in female mice. (PubMed, Biochimie) - "FTC, alone or in combination with other ART (tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir disproxil fumarate), activated AhR and induced senescence of female myoblasts in a manner comparable to KYN. Our studies suggest that the combined presence of HIV viral proteins and exposure to ART induced activation of AhR-mediated signaling in female muscle, as well as widespread changes across the skeletal muscle transcriptome and methylation landscape that may contribute to development of muscle dysfunction. This suggests AhR may represent a novel target for addressing persistent disparities in healthspan for PLWH."

Journal • Preclinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • GNAS

Oral Fluid Concentrations of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine for Monitoring HIV Antiretroviral Adherence: Findings From a Randomized Trial with Directly Observed Therapy (TARGET Study). (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "We collected 241 oral fluids from 22 HIV-negative adults randomized to 2, 4, or 7 doses/week of oral PrEP with FTC/TDF for directly observed therapy. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT0301260."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

The anti-retroviral therapy emtricitabine affects skeletal muscle DNA methylation and transcriptome patterns in a male HIV mouse model. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "The current study provides insights into mechanisms by which a clinically relevant ART may influence DNA methylation and transcriptome changes in skeletal muscle in the context of HIV biology. The differentially regulated pathways suggest novel targets for understanding, and eventually abrogating, the harmful effects of long-term ART use in PLWH on skeletal muscle mass and function."

Journal • Preclinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Lipodystrophy • Metabolic Disorders • Sarcopenia • MYF6 • PPARA

HIV-1 genetic diversity and pretreatment drug resistance survey prior to dolutegravir introduction in Senegal. (PubMed, IJID Reg) - "Among NRTIs, the most frequent mutation was M184V (3/6), conferring high-level resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine, and K103N (11/12) among NNRTIs, conferring resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine. Through a quasi-national survey, an intermediate level of NNRTI resistance was observed, with regional disparities in Senegal. These findings highlight the limitations of NNRTI-based first-line regimens in Senegal and support the transition to other antiretroviral therapy regimens, such as dolutegravir-based therapy in newly infected individuals as well as in treated patients."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Low risk of HBV reactivation in HBcAb-positive/HBsAg-negative persons with HIV switching to non-tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy (EACS 2025) - "We matched participants switching to ART without HBV activity (non-lamivudine or emtricitabine [non-XTC] group) 1:1 to participants switching to XTC-containing ART (XTC group) based on sex, age (±5 years) and time on tenofovir (±90 days)...All measurements remained below the quantification limit. HBV reactivation does not seem to be of clinical concern in this context."

Late-breaking abstract • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease