amlitelimab IV (SAR445229) / Sanofi - LARVOL DELTA

Molecular differentiation of OX40 and OX40L targeted biologics using AlphaFold3 and molecular dynamics simulations. (PubMed, J Invest Dermatol) - "Our analysis suggests rocatinlimab and amlitelimab directly inhibit OX40-OX40L interactions by physically blocking the cognate OX40-OX40L interface via steric occlusion, whereas telazorlimab disrupts a critical OX40-OX40L bond. Together, this work provides molecular characterization of the epitopes of OX40 and OX40L targeted biologics emerging in dermatology."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • TNFSF4

Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Atopic Dermatitis: Biomarker Modulation and Clinical Implications. A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Clin Rev Allergy Immunol) - "Dupilumab was the most extensively investigated therapy, followed by tralokinumab, JAK inhibitors, and novel agents such as amlitelimab, stapokibart, and tezepelumab...CCL17 and LDH currently represent the most reliable biomarkers associated with disease severity and treatment response, although their limited specificity restricts clinical applicability. Future research should aim to validate integrated biomarker panels combining immunologic, transcriptomic, and microbiomic data to enable precision medicine approaches in atopic dermatitis management."

Biomarker • Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

INC04 Unlocking the Potential of OX40 Ligand Pathway in AD: Targeting the Inflammatory Prequel (AAD 2026) - "Highlight the importance of the OX40 ligand pathway in driving the inflammatory prequel of AD 3. Explore future treatment goals in AD, including sustained efficacy off-therapy, and explore the most recent amlitelimab Phase 3 data in AD"

Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

The Role of OX40 Pathway Inhibition as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis. (PubMed, BioDrugs) - "Amlitelimab, an anti-OX40L monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated sustained efficacy and a favorable safety profile in phase IIa and IIb trials. Rocatinlimab, targeting OX40, has also shown promising results in a phase IIb study and has progressed into multiple phase III trials, with supportive top-line data. In contrast, telazorlimab has shown more modest efficacy and has not advanced to later-stage development. Next-generation agents, including IMG-007, STAR-0310, APG990, and APG279, have been engineered with extended half-lives and attenuated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to support longer dosing intervals and improve tolerability. While these findings are encouraging, direct comparative studies among agents and versus established therapies are lacking, and long-term efficacy and safety data are still needed. This narrative review explores the role of the OX40/OX40L axis in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and critically evaluates emerging therapies targeting..."

Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • TNFSF4

O13 Impact of amlitelimab (an anti-OX40 ligand antibody) on atopic dermatitis by body region: post hoc results from the STREAM-AD phase IIb study of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - P2 | "In part 1, adult participants with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized (1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1) to subcutaneous amlitelimab (250 mg with 500 mg loading dose, n = 77; 250 mg, n = 78; 125 mg, n = 77; 62.5 mg, n = 79) or placebo (n = 79) every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint, percentage change in EASI score at week 16, was met. In this post hoc analysis, EASI subscores using least-squares mean percentage change from baseline were assessed at week 24. Data on or after treatment discontinuation or use of rescue or prohibited medications were considered missing and were imputed by worst observation carried forward."

Clinical • Journal • P2b data • Retrospective data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • TNFSF4

BH17 Bridging the gap: identifying dual-targeting therapies for patients with alopecia areata and coexisting immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "For eczema, therapies such as dupilumab show limited evidence in also treating AA...For instance, baricitinib is licensed for both AD and AA, while upadacitinib is licensed for AD and is currently in phase III trials for AA. Amlitelimab, which targets the OX40 ligand pathway, is currently in phase III clinical trials for atopic dermatitis and in phase II trials for severe AA...In psoriasis, overlapping therapies include ustekinumab, approved for psoriasis and being studied for AA. As for patients with RA, tofacitinib is approved for moderate-to-severe disease and is also utilized in AA. Abatacept is a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) immunoglobin costimulatory modulator that attenuates the activation of T cells and is widely used in RA...The Global Registry of Alopecia areata disease Severity and treatment Safety (GRASS) UK is a prospective, multicentre, observational clinical registry designed to create harmonized datasets. These datasets aim to..."

Journal • Review • Alopecia • Atopic Dermatitis • CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Psoriasis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Vitiligo • CTLA4

OX40 Ligand Inhibitors for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Phase II Clinical Trial Data. (PubMed, Skin Therapy Lett) - "On this basis, three phase II clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different OX40-OX40L inhibitors (amlitelimab, rocatinlimab, and telazorlimab) in moderate-to-severe AD. Herein, we review the published data from these studies."

Journal • P2 data • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • TNFSF4

A Post Hoc Analysis of Atopic Dermatitis of the Head and Neck and Other Body Regions from the Amlitelimab STREAM-AD Phase 2b Study. (PubMed, Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)) - P2 | "Improvements in AD signs and severity were observed with amlitelimab across all body regions. Notably, clinical responses were sustained following treatment withdrawal, supporting the potential for extended dosing intervals and durable off-treatment efficacy. Amlitelimab may be a treatment option for hard-to-treat head and neck AD that disproportionately impairs quality of life."

Journal • P2b data • Retrospective data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Pruritus

Efficacy and Safety of All Monoclonal Antibodies in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf) - "Through the analysis of the primary efficacy indicators, this network meta-analysis (NMA) study indicated that all monoclonal antibodies performed better than placebo. Based on the results of this study, Spesolimab, Rademikibart, Dupilumab, Amlitelimab were recommended treatment options with relatively good efficacy and safety."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Pruritus

Interim safety results of amlitelimab (anti-OX40 ligand antibody) in participants with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis from the RIVER-AD phase 2/3 ongoing open-label study (ISDS 2025) - P2, P2/3 | "No deaths occurred. In conclusion, amlitelimab demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in this interim analysis of RIVER-AD trial, consistent with previous findings from STREAM-AD trial."

Clinical • P2/3 data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • TNFSF4

Amlitelimab Reduces Th2-, Th1-, and Th17/22-Related Gene Expression and Protein Levels in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Results from STREAM-AD Phase 2b Analysis (ISDS 2025) - P2 | "In Part 1, adults with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized to receive subcutaneous amlitelimab (250mg + 500mg loading dose, 250mg, 125mg, or 62.5mg) or placebo every 4W. Additionally, it reduced protein levels associated with Th17/22-related inflammation including the proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 (p<0.001). Amlitelimab effectively normalized/reduced AD-associated gene and protein expression, reinforcing OX40L blockade as a relevant therapeutic strategy for AD-related inflammation."

Clinical • P2b data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Pruritus • CXCL10 • CXCL9 • IL32 • TNFSF4

The OX40-OX40L Co-stimulatory pathway in dermatology: emerging frontiers for therapeutic approaches. (PubMed, Inflamm Res) - "The complex interplay between mast cells expressing OX40L and T cells expressing OX40, which in some contexts can inhibit regulatory T cell (Treg) function and promote Th17 differentiation, underscores the therapeutic potential of either antagonizing or agonizing this co-stimulatory pathway. In this review, we discuss selected dermatological diseases in which the OX40/OX40L axis appears relevant to their immunopathogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target."

Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Hidradenitis Suppurativa • Immunology • Oncology • Psoriasis • Urticaria • Vitiligo • CD8 • TNFSF4

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling for the Prediction of the Extended Amlitelimab Phase 3 Dosing Regimen in Atopic Dermatitis. (PubMed, CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol) - "The PopPK model was developed using phase 1 (healthy volunteers) and phase 2 (participants with AD) trial data, including individual exposure variables from the STREAM-AD phase 2b trial following subcutaneous amlitelimab doses ranging from 62.5 to 250 mg given every 4 weeks (Q4W). Simulations identified that a twofold dose reduction would allow participants < 40 kg to achieve amlitelimab exposures within the range observed in participants ≥ 40 kg on 250 mg Q4W or Q12W. These results support evaluation of a Q12W dosing regimen for adults and adolescents in phase 3 trials."

Journal • P3 data • PK/PD data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation

Outcomes Following Discontinuation of Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapies in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review (EADV 2025) - "Six studies examined biologic agents (amlitelimab, dupilumab (2 studies), tralokinumab, rezpegaldesleukin, rocatinlimab) and three evaluated JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, abrocitinib, upadacitinib). Emerging evidence suggests that sustaining disease control following discontinuation of systemic immunomodulatory therapy is possible in some adults with AD. Differences in outcomes between therapies may reflect variations in drug mechanisms or study design. To confidently identify individuals who may benefit from treatment discontinuation, further studies are required with harmonised outcomes (e.g."

Clinical • Immunomodulating • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease

Outcomes Following Discontinuation of Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapies in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review (EADV 2025) - "Six studies examined biologic agents (amlitelimab, dupilumab (2 studies), tralokinumab, rezpegaldesleukin, rocatinlimab) and three evaluated JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, abrocitinib, upadacitinib). Emerging evidence suggests that sustaining disease control following discontinuation of systemic immunomodulatory therapy is possible in some adults with AD. Differences in outcomes between therapies may reflect variations in drug mechanisms or study design. To confidently identify individuals who may benefit from treatment discontinuation, further studies are required with harmonised outcomes (e.g."

Clinical • Immunomodulating • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease

APG990, a monoclonal antibody targeting OX40L, demonstrates safety and an extended half-life in healthy subjects (EADV 2025) - "In preclinical studies, APG990 showed a longer half-life than amlitelimab in nonhuman primates and similar in vitro binding affinity and potency. APG990 was well tolerated across dose groups and exhibited a PK profile that may support evaluation of every 3- to 6-month dosing. These results support further clinical investigations with APG990, including in combination with other monoclonal antibodies, for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis."

Clinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Women's Health • TNFSF4

Preclinical Characterization of a Potent and Half-life Extended Anti-OX40L Antibody (EADV 2025) - "In a pharmacokinetic study in rhesus monkeys, HXN-1021 shows a half- life of about 20 days, significantly longer than that of Amlitelimab analogue, which shows a half-life of approximately 10 days in the same study... HXN-1021 is a potentially best-in-class anti-OX40L antibody, showing strong efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Combining with its extended half-life, HXN-1021 could offer sustained therapeutic benefits, with less frequent dosing scheme, to patients with atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IND- enabling studies of HXN-1021 are currently underway."

Preclinical • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • TNFSF4

Interim safety results of amlitelimab (anti-OX40 ligand antibody) in participants with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis from the RIVER-AD phase 2/3 ongoing open-label study (EADV 2025) - P2, P2/3 | "In this RIVER-AD phase 2/3 interim safety analysis of adult participants with moderate-to-severe AD originally from the phase 2b STREAM-AD trial, amlitelimab 250 mg Q4W demonstrated an acceptable safety profile generally consistent with what was previously reported in STREAM-AD."

Clinical • P2/3 data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Development and characterization of IAR129, a novel bispecific antibody co-blocking IL-4Ra and OX40L for atopic dermatitis (EADV 2025) - "IAR129 is a first-in class IL4R and OX40L bispecific antibody with half life extension. It potently blocks IL-4, IL-13 and OX40L in vitro comparable to dupilumab and amlitelimab. It shows combinatorial activity superior to single blockade in DC-T coculture, and is highly effective in suppressing both airway inflammation and atopic dermatitis in mice."

Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases • IL13 • IL2 • IL4R • IL5 • TNFSF4 • TSLP

Online Education Significantly Improved Dermatologists' Knowledge Of The Mode Of Action And Key Clinical Data On Emerging Therapies For Atopic Dermatitis That Target The OX40-OX40 Ligand Pathway. (EADV 2025) - "Dermatologists significantly improved their knowledge of survival of pathogenic T cells as a key consequence of OX40-OX40L interaction in the pathogenesis of AD (17% pre- vs 43% post-activity; P <.001), the mode of action of amlitelimab and rocatinlimab (21% pre- vs 55% post-activity; P <.001) and clinical data for these novel therapies (54% pre- vs 74% post-activity; P <.001). This online activity significantly improved dermatologists' understanding of the role of the OX40-OX40L pathway in the pathogenesis of AD and of emerging biologic therapies targeting this pathway. Although there was significant knowledge improvement for all questions, the post test scores of 43% to 74% indicate that dermatologists would benefit from additional education to embed their knowledge of emerging biologic therapies targeting this pathway in AD."

Clinical data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • TNFSF4

Durable maintenance of EASI-90 with amlitelimab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results from the STREAM-AD phase 2b trial (EADV 2025) - P2 | "Adults with moderate-to-severe AD (N=390) were randomised 1:1:1:1:1 to receive subcutaneous amlitelimab every 4 weeks (Q4W; 250 mg + 500-mg loading dose [LD], n=77; 250 mg, n=78; 125 mg, n=77; or 62.5 mg, n=79) or placebo Q4W (n=79) in Part 1. The results demonstrate that a high proportion of clinical responders achieved EASI-90 response at Week 24. The majority maintained EASI-90 response with continued amlitelimab treatment at Week 52. Notably, EASI-90 was also maintained at Week 52 after 28 weeks of withdrawal from amlitelimab by the majority of Week 24 EASI-90 responders."

Clinical • P2b data • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Pruritus • TNFSF4

Late Breaking Abstract - Amlitelimab phase 2 clinical trial results in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma (ERS 2025) - P2 | "Adults (N=437; 18-75yrs) with moderate-to-severe asthma were randomized 2:2:1:2 to subcutaneous amlitelimab 250mg +500mg loading dose (LD), 125mg +250mg LD, 62.5mg +125mg LD, or placebo (PBO) given every 4wks (Q4W) for 24wks, then Q12W to Wk60. Amlitelimab was well tolerated, reduced AAER and improved FEV1 and asthma control in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, notably in subgroups with elevated EOS or NEUT. Efficacy enrichment by NEUT suggests amlitelimab may modulate inflammation beyond Type 2."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Late-breaking abstract • P2 data • Asthma • Immunology • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases

Disproportionate quality of life decline and unaddressed limitations in amlitelimab atopic dermatitis trial. (PubMed, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol) - No abstract available

HEOR • Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Amlitelimab, an anti-OX40 ligand antibody, for atopic dermatitis: a plain language summary of STREAM-AD clinical study. (PubMed, Immunotherapy) - No abstract available

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

In Vitro Evidence Demonstrating the Nondepleting Mechanism of Action of Amlitelimab, an OX40 Ligand Monoclonal Antibody. (PubMed, Acta Derm Venereol) - No abstract available

Journal • Preclinical