oxazepam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Benzodiazepines use in primary care England: Prescribing patterns and adverse consequences. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "Benzodiazepine prescribing in England continues to decline, reflecting successful deprescribing policies. However, increasing specialist use, persistent inequities, and drug-specific safety and cost concerns highlight the need for cautious prescribing, enhanced pharmacovigilance and equitable access."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Presence of Benzodiazepines in Aquatic Environments: A Systematic Review of the Literature. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "Global data highlight the need for standardised monitoring frameworks, targeted sources mitigation, and advanced water treatment technologies capable of efficiently removing chemically stable pharmaceutical compounds. Strengthening these approaches is essential to reduce ecological risks, minimise human exposure, and safeguard the long-term integrity of aquatic ecosystems."

Journal • Review

Efficient design of benzothiazole-based fluorescent probes for benzodiazepines detection by precisely mimicking their binding interactions with the GABAA receptor. (PubMed, Biosens Bioelectron) - "Moreover, the BCN-functionalized sensing chip enables ratiometric fluorescence detection of typical BZDs (e.g., bromazolam, triazolam, diazepam, and oxazepam) via a target-assisted rightward shift of the excited-state cis-to-trans isomerization equilibrium. And this chip could enable visual qualitative detection of diazepam in actual tablet samples and four typical BZDs in complex matrices such as urine and wastewater."

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Discovery and quantification of novel diazepam metabolites BP-246 and BP-271 in freshwater fish using HRMS and UPLC-MS/MS. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "A sensitive and validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of diazepam, three established metabolites (nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam), and the two novel compounds in fish tissue. When applied to 10 market-sourced, diazepam-positive fish samples, the method successfully revealed differential metabolite profiles, enabling rapid, high-throughput monitoring of diazepam and transformation products in commercial fish products. These findings provide a basis for comprehensive risk assessment and regulatory control of diazepam residues in the food supply chain."

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PATIENT-CONTROLLED SEDATION USING PROPOFOL DURING BONE MARROW BIOPSY (EHA 2026) - "Historically, the hematology clinic in Karolinska Huddinge has used oral anxiolytics, such as oxazepam, as well as intravenous sedation with midazolam in conjunction with bone marrow sampling. Summary/Conclusion Patient-controlled sedation with propofol is a patient-safe, effective, and symptom-relieving method for performing bone marrow sampling, particularly in patients with pronounced procedure-related anxiety. The method has improved the patient experience and thereby contributed to increased acceptance of repeated examinations within hematological care."

Biopsy • Clinical • Hematological Malignancies • Mood Disorders • Renal Calculi

Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and/or Z-drugs in older dialysis patients: impact on mortality and fractures (ERA 2026) - "The most frequent combinations were alprazolam, bromazepam or oxazepam + zopiclone or zolpidem. Conclusion Initiating concomitant use of ≥2 BZD after dialysis initiation was strongly associated with an increased hazard of death and fractures in both men and women, with an even higher risk among men. These findings underscore the importance of careful prescribing and highlight that alternative strategies must be identified and implemented to prevent medication overload in these vulnerable patients after dialysis initiation."

Clinical • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Oral Cancer • Orthopedics • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Rapid reduction of suicidal ideation with transient dissociative and "drunken gait" symptoms after intranasal esketamine, with music intervention: a case report. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "From week 2, prophylactic oxazepam 25 mg prevented mild delayed dissociative episodes. Patient-selected music is a feasible adjunct to manage dissociative side effects and may improve safety and adherence. Further research should clarify mechanisms and long-term safety."

Journal • Ataxia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

Acute Effects of Partial GABA(A)-Receptor Modulation by GT-002 on Psychophysiological Measures: The TOTEMS Phase II Clinical Trial Targeting Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1/2 | N=50 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Region Hovedstadens Psykiatriske | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Observational study on the use of medications potentially worsening preexisting swallowing disorders in older patients after stroke (PubMed, Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil) - "The three most commonly identified medications were amlodipine (9.6%), oxazepam (9.3%), and aspirin (8.7%). The main mechanism involved was dry mouth. These medications are frequently prescribed for the management of risk factors and sequelae following stroke or TIA, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary evaluation of their benefit-risk balance."

Journal • Observational data • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Otorhinolaryngology • Xerostomia

Benzodiazepine Contamination in Surface Waters: Sources, Quantification and Bioremediation. (PubMed, Environ Toxicol Chem) - "This study focuses on assessing the occurrence and environmental impact of diazepam and its active metabolites oxazepam, temazepam and nordazepam in two Czech rivers, identifying the main sources of pollution, and evaluating the effectiveness of root-zone wastewater treatment plant in removing these contaminants. The findings highlight the limitations of current wastewater treatment technologies in fully eliminating benzodiazepines, which continue to be detected even after treatment, leading to potential long-term ecological consequences. This research calls for the development and implementation of more effective, scalable, and cost-efficient wastewater treatment solutions to reduce pharmaceutical pollution, and for an ongoing monitoring of aquatic environments to protect freshwater resources and safeguard biodiversity."

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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based characterization of maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its metabolites in pregnant mice. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "Although diazepam is rapidly cleared from maternal plasma, its metabolites, particularly oxazepam-glucuronide, persist and accumulate in the fetus. These findings indicate prolonged fetal exposure to these substances and suggest facilitated placental transfer of oxazepam-glucuronide, with potential implications for fetal safety and maternal pharmacotherapy during pregnancy."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of oxazepam and diazepam in the treatment of acute withdrawal symptoms of alcohol dependence A multicenter practical randomized controlled study (pRCT) (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=372 | Sponsor: The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University

New P4 trial • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

Insights from a 6-year hair drug analysis compendium in drug-facilitated sexual assault cases. (PubMed, J Forensic Sci) - "Substances identified were alimemazine, alprazolam, bromazepam, cetirizine, clozapine, codeine, cyamemazine, hydroxyzine, oxazepam, zolpidem, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The chemical profile observed primarily included sedating and amnesic pharmaceuticals, but not only. This compendium adds valuable data in the literature for better hair drug concentration interpretation in forensic cases."

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Bioaccumulation and Elimination, and Risk Assessment of Diazepam in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio). (PubMed, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol) - "During the depuration phase, diazepam was predominantly detected compared to other main metabolites including nordazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. Risk assessments revealed that the counsumption of skin muscle posed acceptable risks, whereas the consumption of liver and kidney raised significant concerns. These findings provide a theoretical basis for pollution control, risk assessment, and the scientific management of diazepam in aquaculture."

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Systemic medications associate with surgically treated cataract among adults over 50 years in Finland. (PubMed, Acta Ophthalmol) - "Our large nested case-control study suggests that certain systemic medications may increase the incidence of surgically treated cataract, but with the possibility of residual confounding."

Journal • Cataract • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology

Benzodiazepines Prescribed to Hospitalized Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A 3-year Retrospective Observational Study. (PubMed, Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat) - "For non-selective benzodiazepines at baseline, the most commonly prescribed were lorazepam (39.6%, n=110), oxazepam (23.7%, n=66), and clonazepam (16.2%, n=45)...However, the use of clonazepam, estazolam, and alprazolam remained comparable (P > 0.05)...While its use varied significantly over time (P 0.05)...It is advisable to limit benzodiazepine prescriptions for MDD patients to within 12 months. Discontinuing benzodiazepines becomes more challenging after prolonged use beyond this period."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

UPLC-MS/MS Analytical Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Diazepam, Nordazepam, and Oxazepam in Patients With Alcohol Dependence. (PubMed, Alpha Psychiatry) - "We developed and validated a rapid, simple, and economic UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of DIA, NorD, and OXAZ in human serum. The method is well-suited for the determination of serum levels of DIA and its active metabolites in patients with alcohol dependence, and could be further applied to TDM and subsequent studies."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

A dual-detection HPTLC platform: combining smartphone-based imaging and densitometry for the analysis of diazepam, its metabolite and degradation product. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "The developed and validated HPTLC method employing smartphone camera detection for simultaneous determination of Diazepam (DZP), its metabolite Oxazepam (OXP) and its degradation product 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone (ACB) was intended to meet this requirement and provide a useful replacement for the usual densitometric analysis. To assess the environmental and practical merit of the methods, greenness and sustainability were evaluated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE), White Analytical Chemistry (WAC), and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI). Results confirmed the developed methods' analytical efficiency, environmental compatibility, and alignment with the principles of green and white analytical chemistry."

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Pharmacokinetics and Residue Elimination of Diazepam in Zebrafish. (PubMed, J Vet Pharmacol Ther) - "DZP was metabolized to nordiazepam (NDZP), oxazepam (OZP), and temazepam (TZP). The findings are expected to fill a critical data gap concerning the pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of DZP in zebrafish. These findings provide a framework for extending the results to similar rare edible small fish, thereby aiding in food safety assessment and risk management."

Journal • PK/PD data

Inhibitory effects of (synthetic) cannabinoids and (designer) benzodiazepines on spontaneously active neuronal networks of primary rat cortical cultures in vitro. (PubMed, Neurotoxicology) - "The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the neuromodulatory effects of various (designer) drugs, including cannabidiol (CBD), a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (RCS-4), three canonical benzodiazepines (diazepam, oxazepam, and lorazepam) and two designer benzodiazepines (flunitrazolam and fluetizolam). Our findings demonstrate the applicability of MEA recordings for neurotoxicity assessment and potency ranking of diverse (designer) drugs. The strong potency of some of these drugs is particularly concerning and underscores the urgent need for better regulation and control of these substances to safeguard public health."

Journal • Preclinical

Acute effects of partial positive allosteric GABAA receptor modulation by GT-002 on psychophysiological and cognitive measures: protocol for the TOTEMS phase II trial targeting cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "Participants will receive a single dose of GT-002 (1 mg and 2 mg, developed by Gabather AB), oxazepam (15 mg), and placebo across four study drug exposure days, separated by a washout period ≥7 days. If successful, it will support further clinical trials of longer-term GT-002 treatment as a novel pharmacological approach to target impairments in information processing in SSD, potentially ameliorating cognitive impairments. EU CT number 2024-519389-28-00."

Journal • P2 data • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Phthalates and pharmaceuticals in soil, groundwater, and surface water downgradient of a wastewater soil infiltration system. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Substantial reductions were observed for caffeine (>99 %), carbamazepine (>96 %), losartan (>99 %), and phthalates (51 ± 72 % and 92 ± 5 %), with the higher attenuation for phthalates comparable to conventional activated sludge treatment...Several pharmaceuticals, including metoprolol, irbesartan, and metformin, were detected in soil samples, though it is unclear whether they were sorbed to the soil matrix or present in porewater. In downgradient surface water, diclofenac and ibuprofen exceeded risk quotient thresholds, while oxazepam surpassed the lowest predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in one sample, indicating ecological risks. Overall, the findings highlight both the strengths and limitations of soil infiltration systems in mitigating micropollutant contamination, emphasizing the importance of vadose zone processes while underscoring uncertainties in sorption and degradation mechanisms."

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Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of diazepam and its metabolites in aquaculture environment in the Pearl River Delta region. (PubMed, Mar Pollut Bull) - "The concentrations of DIAZ and its metabolites-nordazepam (NDZ), oxazepam (OXZ), and temazepam (TEM)-were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Environmental risk assessment revealed that NDZ and OXZ presented low ecological risks in both matrices at all sites, whereas DIAZ and TEM posed medium to high risks at certain water sites, with DIAZ also showing medium risks in some sediments. The study provides an integrated evaluation of occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological risks of DIAZ and its metabolites in aquaculture systems, offering critical evidence to support food safety measures and strategies for pharmaceutical pollution control in the Pearl River Delta."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Anxiolytic Potential of Passiflora incarnata in Oral Surgery: Mechanisms, Evidence and Clinical Application. (PubMed, Pak J Biol Sci) - "Clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates that passion flower effectively reduces preoperative anxiety in dental and surgical settings, performing comparably to traditional anxiolytics like midazolam and oxazepam, but with fewer side effects and minimal psychomotor impairment. In general, this review highlights the need for larger, multicenter trials and standardized preparations to establish passion flower's efficacy and safety conclusively. With further research and careful clinical integration, passion flower may become a valuable adjunct or alternative to conventional anxiolytics in oral surgery, improving patient comfort and surgical outcomes through a gentler, natural approach to anxiety management."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Biodistribution of atogepant and rimegepant in mouse peripheral and central structures of relevance to migraine pathogenesis. (PubMed, Cephalalgia) - "BackgroundSecond and third generation gepants have been recently approved for migraine therapy. However, a preferred delivery of atogepant to the TG was obtained with the intranasal route. At variance with oxazepam, the two gepants did not accumulate in the TG or parietal brain cortex upon a seven day oral treatment.ConclusionsThe data obtained in the present study indicate substantial and transient permeation of the mouse brain by gepants."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain