tetrazepam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Selective Extraction of Diazepam and Its Metabolites from Urine Samples by a Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction (MISPE) Method. (PubMed, Polymers (Basel)) - "In this research, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by precipitation polymerization using oxazepam (OZ) as a template molecule and was subsequently applied as a selective sorbent for the extraction of diazepam (DZP) and its metabolites in urine samples using an SPE cartridge. OZ, temazepam (TZ), nordiazepam (NZ) and DZP were analyzed in the final extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD)...The selectivity of the method for OZ versus structurally related benzodiazepines (BZDs), such as bromazepam (BRZ), tetrazepam (TTZ) and halazepam (HZ), was investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed methodology provided good linearity in the range of 10-1500 ng/mL, with limit of detection values between 13.5 and 21.1 ng/mL and recovery levels for DZP and its metabolites from 89.0 to 93.9% (RSD ≤ 8%) at a concentration level of 1000 ng/mL. The proposed method exhibited good selectivity, precision and..."

Journal

Novel and Nonroutine Benzodiazepines and Suvorexant by LC-MS-MS. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "The target analytes included bromazepam, clobazam, clonazolam, clotiazepam, diclazepam, estazolam, etizolam, flualprazolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, loprazolam, lormetazepam, phenazepam, prazepam, suvorexant, tetrazepam and triazolam. The coefficient of variation of replicate analyses was within 14% and bias was within ±14%. The method provides a sensitive, efficient and robust procedure for the quantitation and/or qualitative identification of select novel and nonroutine benzodiazepines and suvorexant using LC-MS-MS and a sample volume of 200 µL."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Benzodiazepine-Induced Photosensitivity Reactions: A Compilation of Cases from Literature Review with Naranjo Causality Assessment. (PubMed, Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed) - "Five benzodiazepines induced photosensitivity reactions. Five patients showed a definite association with the Naranjo scale. Reporting to pharmacovigilance databases may help identify other benzodiazepines causing photosensitivity reactions."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Allergy • Immunology

Comparative Physical Study of Three Pharmaceutically Active Benzodiazepine Derivatives: Crystalline versus Amorphous State and Crystallization Tendency. (PubMed, Mol Pharm) - "Three benzodiazepine derivatives of almost same molecular mass and structure (Diazepam, Nordazepam and Tetrazepam) were chosen as model compounds. Both these observations in three very similar diazepine derivatives provide direct evidence that the kinetics of recrystallization of amorphous pharmaceuticals is not a universal function, at least in the supercooled liquid phase, of the structural or the conformational relaxation dynamics, and it is not simply correlated with related parameters such as the kinetic fragility or activation barrier of the structural relaxation. Only the crystal growth rate, and not the nucleation rate, shows a correlation with the presence or absence of hydrogen bonding."

Journal

[VIRTUAL] Diagnosing benzodiazepine-induced photosensitivity (ASHP 2020) - " The most common benzodiazepines involved in photosensitivity reactions were alprazolam (n=3), followed by tetrazepam (n=2). Other benzodiazepines implicated in photosensitivity include chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, and clobazam... Overall, these case reports present a lack of a standardized method in diagnosing benzodiazepine-induced photosensitivity and inconsistency in timing of follow-up for results. False negatives occur with photopatch testing; thus, oral photoprovocation may be superior to photopatch testing in diagnosing photosensitivity as it involves systemic administration of benzodiazepines. False negatives could potentially occur if the follow-up duration is too short, as a skin reaction from oral photoprovocation testing may take up to 2 weeks to develop."

Crystalline tetrazepam as a case study on the volume change on melting of molecular organic compounds. (PubMed, Int J Pharm) - "It can be concluded that this value is not constant; however so far, no simple relationship has been found to relate the solid state to its volume change on melting and using 11% remains best practice. A comparison of the tetrazepam crystal structure with diazepam and nordiazepam has been provided too."

Clinical • Journal

The brief psychotherapeutic intervention "relaxation, mental images and spirituality": a systematic review. (PubMed, Sao Paulo Med J) - "It was found that RIME has a construct history based on rigorous scientific methodology, covering quality of life and spiritual, emotional and subjective wellbeing. RIME has not been used internationally and new studies within this field, with different cases, should be encouraged."

Journal • Review • Breast Cancer • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor

Development of a new method for drug detection based on a combination of the dried blood spot method and capillary electrophoresis. (PubMed, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci) - "The proposed approach allowed the identification of typical drugs from different groups, such as tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram), benzodiazepines (tetrazepam) and hypnotics (zolpidem). Furthermore, the developed DBS/MAE/CM-MS method was selective and analytes present in the blood applied on DBS cards were found to be stable after 7 and after 14 days. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of both post-mortem samples and blood samples taken from patients treated with the analyzed drugs."

Journal

The impact of diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Rev Port Cardiol) - "Although the definitions found in the literature differ, the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction is associated with a 3.53-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events or death. This finding highlights the importance of developing easily applicable and consensual diagnostic criteria, as well as fostering research on effective treatment strategies when diastolic dysfunction is identified in the subclinical stage."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from systemic drugs. (PubMed, Contact Dermatitis) - "As much as 13% of OACD in HCWs, diagnosed in our tertiary referral center, was attributable to systemic drugs, most frequently in nurses."

Journal • Allergy • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology