linezolid oral / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Massive hemoptysis as the sentinel symptom: a case report of pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "After targeted therapy with oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and linezolid, the patient achieved significant symptomatic and radiological improvement, accompanied by normalization of white blood cell count and neutrophil count. No recurrence was observed during follow-up."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Clinical Response to Amoxicillin among Children with Acute Suppurative Otitis Media. (PubMed, J Nepal Health Res Counc) - "Oral amoxicillin in high doses is effective in the treatment of ASOM in children."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pneumonia

Aerobic Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Odontogenic Infections: A One-Year Observational Study from Southwestern Romania. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas)) - "remained susceptible to penicillin G (82.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (76.4%), and clindamycin (70.5%), but only 55.0% to erythromycin. Most S. aureus isolates were methicillin-susceptible (92.9%), while coagulase-negative staphylococci showed high methicillin resistance (59.3%) yet full susceptibility to linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Enterobacterales were resistant to ampicillin (90%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (65%) but remained susceptible to ceftriaxone (80%) and ciprofloxacin (85%)...aeruginosa isolates were fully susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and meropenem...Surgical drainage remains central to management, and antibiotic therapy should be guided by local susceptibility patterns. These data provide baseline information to inform empirical therapy and stewardship efforts and highlight the need for multicenter studies including anaerobic and molecular analyses."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease

A 6 to 9-month oral regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a randomised open-label non-inferiority trial in China. (PubMed, Clin Microbiol Infect) - "The all-oral regimen was non-inferior to the 9-month injectable-containing regimen, offering an alternative for patients lacking access to bedaquiline, delamanid or pretomanid. However, its efficacy against the latest WHO-recommended bedaquiline-containing regimens requires further validation."

Head-to-Head • Journal • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

DRESS To Kill: A Case of Severe Drug Reaction Eosinophilia Systemic Symptoms Recurrence with Second-Line anti-Tuberculosis Medication in a 44-Year-Old Asian Woman (APSR 2025) - "Case Report : We report a presentation of DRESS in a 44-year-old Asian female with Multi-Drug Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)...Cessation of anti-TB drugs and initiation of oral methylprednisolone resulted in clinical improvement and was discharged on a corticosteroid regimen over 14 days. Rechallenging treatment using a graded protocol with second- line MDR-TB agents (Linezolid, Delamanid, Cycloserine, and Levofloxacin) caused recurrence of symptoms, including rash with desquamation, eosinophilia, and elevated liver enzymes...Prednisone was carefully tapered over six months...Knowledge, early recognition, early cessation, prompt management are of important to minimize morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, outpatient follow up is vital to prevent relapses and long-term sequelae including organ damage, infections, and mental health complications."

Clinical • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Eosinophilia • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Chronic Hip Arthritis Secondary to Mycobacterium brisbanense in an Immunocompetent Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. (PubMed, ACR Open Rheumatol) - "One month after treatment with oral Moxifloxacin, Linezolid and Clarithromycin, his symptoms improved. This case highlights the need to rule out infection especially in monoarticular and atypical presentations before the diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis should be made."

Journal • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pain • Pediatrics • Rheumatology • CRP

Comparative Cost Analysis of Bedaquiline and Linezolid-Based Regimens for MDR/XDR-TB in India: A Public vs. Private Sector Perspective (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "The procurement process in the public sector significantly alleviates the financial burden associated with MDR/XDR-TB treatment. While Linezolid is obtainable at Jan Aushadhi, Bedquiline continues to be primarily available through government programs. Enhancing coordination between public and private sectors and broadening access to affordable treatment-especially for Bedaquiline-are critical for achieving equitable management of MDR/XDR in India."

Cost-analysis • HEOR • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Acquired Resistance during Short-Course Treatment for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis. (PubMed, Clin Microbiol Infect) - "Shorter treatment for RR-TB carries a non-negligible risk of ADR. Poor adherence might increase the likelihood of ADR, and early emergence of ADR may indicate suboptimal regimen potency. Continued surveillance is warranted, and further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical association between ADR and treatment outcomes."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Germany, Austria and Switzerland - Updated Recommendations Based on the WHO Guidelines 2025 (PubMed, Pneumologie) - "DR-TB includes resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including isoniazid monoresistance, multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB), pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). For MDR/RR-TB and pre-XDR-TB without additional resistance to bedaquiline and/or linezolid, two 6-month, purely oral short-term regimens are recommended (BPaLM or BDLLfx for MDR/RR-TB and BPaL or BDLC for pre-XDR-TB [*B = bedaquiline, C = clofazimine, D = delamanid, L = linezolid, Lfx = levofloxacin; M = moxifloxacin; Pa = pretomanid])...Due to the low number of cases, treatment in specialized centers or in cooperation with them is recommended. The aim is to provide effective, tolerable therapy that is adapted to the resistance situation in order to ensure therapeutic success and prevent further development of drug-resistance."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

From Flora to Threat: Septic Emboli Due to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum in a Patient With Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (PubMed, Cureus) - "This case highlights the pathogenic potential of C. pseudodiphtheriticum. It underscores the need to recognize it as a true pathogen in neutropenic patients, particularly those with indwelling catheters and signs of embolic disease."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Neutropenia • Oncology

Recurrent Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Intestinal Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (ACG 2025) - "A nasogastric tube was placed and the patient was started on IV rifampin, levofloxacin, amikacin, and linezolid...Intestinal TB may be difficult to diagnose as it can present similarly to pathologies such as intra-abdominal infection, IBD, or malignancy. Misdiagnosis rates of intestinal tuberculosis have been reported to be as high as 50-70%, even in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Beyond the Gut: C. diff Bacteremia in an Elderly Patient (ACG 2025) - "Imaging was significant for a large peripherally enhancing collection with air colliculi in the right abdomen, concerning for an abscess and patient was started on piperacillin tazobactam. Patient was also started on rectal vancomycin for c diff colitis which was later transitioned to oral fidaxomicin when the blood cultures became positive for c difficile...Management should be individualized, and multidisciplinary involvement is strongly advised. Figure: Abdominal abscess on imaging"

Clinical • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Isolated Splenic Abscess Due to Shigella Flexneri in a Healthy Young Man: A Case Report (ACG 2025) - "He was empirically treated for enteric fever with ceftriaxone and azithromycin while awaiting blood culture results...When patient did not show improvement, meropenem was added...The patient was switched to IV sulzone and vancomycin and responded well and was afebrile by the sixth day of admission. The patient continued IV antibiotics for 4 weeks and was discharged with a 14-day course of oral linezolid and moxifloxacin, with an outpatient follow-up appointment. Splenic abscesses are extremely uncommon; autopsy studies revealed their prevalence to be between 0.2%-0.7%. There is no universally accepted standard for managing splenic abscesses; instead, treatment should be tailored to the specific needs of each individual patient.Figure: CT abdomen showing splenic lesionFigure: CT abdomen showing splenic lesion"

Case report • Clinical • Mood Disorders

When Lactulose Fails: A Complex Case of Hepatic Encephalopathy With Status Epilepticus and Ileus (ACG 2025) - "First-line treatments such as lactulose and rifaximin aim to reduce this toxic burden, but their effectiveness is compromised when GI motility is impaired.Case Description/ A 62-year-old man with cirrhosis (complicated by variceal bleeding treated with banding and TIPS) and portal vein thrombosis presented with three days of worsening confusion...When motility is impaired, rectal administration of lactulose or early dialysis should be considered.Effective HE management requires not just timely initiation of therapy but confirmation that treatments are reaching their target. High-dose regimens without assessing GI function may be futile—or fatal.Figure: Laboratory results upon admission"

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Fibrosis • Hematological Disorders • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatology • Immunology • Thrombosis

Acute Hepatitis During Dalbavancin Infusion: A Rare Adverse Reaction With Implications for Repeat Dosing (ACG 2025) - "He subsequently completed therapy with cefazolin and linezolid and was placed on oral cefadroxil plus doxycycline suppression in view of retained hardware. In pooled data from 2,120 adults across phase 1–3 studies, 17 patients (0.8%) developed post-baseline ALT elevations >3× ULN; within this group, 5 (0.2%) had ALT >10× ULN and one phase 1 subject exhibited ALT >20× ULN—each reversible on follow-up (Table 2)...In this case likely mechanisms include immune-mediated hypersensitivity, similar to vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity, although rate of cross-reactivity between dalbavancin and vancomycin appears to be very low to negligible...Laboratory Values Pre-infusion and Post-infusion of Dalbavancin Figure: Table 2. ALT Elevation Secondary to Dalbavancin Infusion Regiments"

Fatigue • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Acute Presentation of Infected Pseudocyst (ACG 2025) - "She was started on sepsis protocol: IV fluids, empiric antibiotics (Zyvox, vancomycin), and vasopressors. E. coli, though typical of GI infections, is rare in pancreatic pseudocysts.This case emphasizes the need to include infected pseudocyst in the differential for sepsis following pancreatitis, even without abdominal complaints.Multidisciplinary coordination—particularly gastroenterology, surgery, and IR—was essential in achieving a positive outcome."

Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dyslipidemia • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pancreatitis • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Management of Refractory Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus Infection in a Patient with Bronchiectasis: A Case Experience (WBC 2025) - "Treatment with IV amikacin, IV cefoxitin, oral clarithromycin, and oral clofazimine was initiated on 21 June 2023, but was frequently interrupted by adverse events, including transaminitis, urticarial rash (requiring allergist review and cefoxitin challenge), and PICC complications...Alternative agents (IV meropenem, oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) were also poorly tolerated...In February 2024, following NTM specialist input, the regimen was revised to IV amikacin, IV tigecycline, oral linezolid, and oral clofazimine...Despite adherence to guideline-based regimens, sustained culture clearance—the traditional marker of treatment success—may remain unattainable in complex cases, necessitating a pragmatic shift in goals of care from microbiological cure to symptom control, functional stability, and prevention of further decline. There is an urgent need for studies to guide optimal treatment regimens beyond first-line agents for refractory or partially responsive..."

Clinical • Bronchiectasis • Chronic Cough • Cough • Dermatology • Fatigue • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Urticaria

LETTING NTM PULL ON YOUR QTC STRINGS (CHEST 2025) - "She was ultimately transitioned to oral consolidation therapy via PO Clofazimine and Bedaquiline due to intolerability of Omadacycline (nausea/vomiting), Amikacin (epistaxis), and Linezolid (neuropathy)...Subsequently, she was again trialed on Azithromycin, Ethambutol, and Rifampin, with her QTc remaining acceptable... From this case, we can conclude that, in appropriate patient populations, it is reasonable to utilize Mexiletine (or other late sodium current blockers) to shorten the QT interval in patients who require MAC pharmacotherapy with QTc-prolonging agents."

Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

MDR TUBERCULOSIS RETREATMENT AFTER FAILED INITIAL BPAL-M COURSE (CHEST 2025) - "HE was initially started on bridging regimen of meropenem. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, ethambutol, linezolid and moxifloxacin...His diabetes was controlled on insulin, Januvia and metformin...In 2019, after two ground breaking research studies – TBPRACTECAL 1 and Ze-Nix-TB - a novel all-oral 4-drug combination regimen was approved for the treatment of rifampin multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in the form of bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), linezolid and moxifloxacin, more commonly known as BPaL-M... Treatment of drug resistance Tuberculosis has changed with the introduction of BPaL-M regimen to a shorter duration with higher efficacy. Access to the drugs, control of co-morbid conditions such as diabetes and adequate drug level monitoring remain crucial to ensure that treatment failures are left to a minimum."

Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Cough • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

AN UNCOMMON CAUSE OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION: VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS (CHEST 2025) - "Additionally, if direct pulmonary extension is suspected, as was the case here, linezolid should be chosen over daptomycin since the latter is inactivated by surfactant in the lungs. VRE as a cause of pericardial effusion is extremely rare. Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion immunocompromised patients, particularly those with ESRD, corticosteroid use, or recent hospitalizations involving multi-drug resistant organisms."

Atrial Fibrillation • Bullous Pemphigoid • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effectiveness and safety of the BPaL regimen in the Philippines. (PubMed, J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis) - "Treatment success among multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) patients in the Philippines increased with the introduction of a 9-month all-oral treatment regimen; however, this remained sub-optimal, and patients continued to endure the burdensome and toxic effects of component medicines. In 2022, the World Health Organization recommended a 6-month MDR-TB regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid or BPaL given for 26 weeks)...Linezolid dose modifications, and BPaL regimen interruption occurred in 66 % and 18 %, respectively. The BPaL regimen had a remarkably high treatment success, rapid culture conversion, and a manageable safety profile among MDR/RR-TB patients in this study despite fluoroquinolone resistance and comorbidities."

Journal • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED VRE EMPYEMA IN A HEALTHY YOUNG ADULT (CHEST 2025) - "The patient's presenting vitals in the emergency department were stable, and initial labs showed leukocytosis of 19.9 K/mm3, lactate dehydrogenase of 368 U/L, total protein of 7.7 g/dL and lactic acid of 1.8 mmol/ L. CT Chest confirmed complex left-sided loculated pleural effusion (see Figure 1.) The patient was started on Vancomycin and Ceftriaxone...Antibiotics were switched to Penicillin G initially and escalated to Linezolid and Ampicillin / Sulbactam due to recurrent fevers. The patient showed improvement in respiratory status and fevers and was discharged on a two-week course of oral Linezolid and Amoxicillin / Clavulanic Acid... In young, healthy patients, VRE is rarely considered as a possibility for community-acquired pneumonia or empyema. It is important to recognize the possibility of VRE-associated infections in immunocompetent patients without prior intra-abdominal infections."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Cough • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

MRSA MEDIASTINAL ABSCESS WITHOUT A CLEAR SOURCE (CHEST 2025) - "Blood and intraoperative cultures grew MRSA, prompting targeted therapy with vancomycin and later linezolid due to worsening renal function... MRSA-associated mediastinal abscess is a rare but severe infectious complication requiring a multidisciplinary approach. This case highlights the importance of early surgical intervention, targeted antibiotic therapy, vigilant monitoring for complications, and adjunctive fibrinolytic therapy in managing complex mediastinal infections. Furthermore, it underscores the evolving epidemiology of MRSA infections beyond IV drug use and the need for innovative drainage strategies in atypical infection sites."

Diabetes • Dysphonia • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Otorhinolaryngology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

DISSEMINATED TB MASKING AS ACUTE ABDOMEN, PERFORATE VISCUS, AND MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS (CHEST 2025) - "Patient is being treated with rifampin, amikacin, linezolid, and metronidazole while on the ventilator multiple vasopressors, unable to tolerate oral therapy. He will be treated with Rifampin-isoniazid-pyrazinamide-ethambutol therapy as soon as able... Tuberculosis causing abdominal compromise is a diagnostic challenge. Often peritoneal TB mimics other pathologies including malignancy. Physician awareness about this rare manifestation and a high index of suspicion is required prompt diagnosis and management"

Cardiovascular • Cough • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CRP

A CASE OF NOCARDIA BRAIN ABSCESS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT (CHEST 2025) - "Antibiotics were changed to intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and meropenem... Given the rarity and high mortality along with complexities involved in the management it is essential for clinicians to know about this uncommon bio-phenomenon."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Epilepsy • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • CRP