fenoterol / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Age-related changes in adrenergic regulation of contractility and redox status of glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscles. (PubMed, Geroscience) - "Fenoterol, a β-AR agonist, exerted a negative inotropic action in EDL and soleus muscles of young adult and middle-aged mice...Accordingly, the age-related shift of balance from positive to negative inotropic action of adrenaline might be partially dependent on the interplay of β2- and β3-adrenergic signaling in the skeletal muscles. Despite the commonalities in the changes in adrenergic regulation of contractions in both muscles, oxidative stress, decline in antioxidant enzyme activities, and ultrastructural disturbances were much more clearly expressed in aged EDL versus soleus muscles."

Journal • Sarcopenia • AR

POSTOPERATIVE EUGLYCEMIC KETOACIDOSIS IN THIRD TRIMESTER REQUIRING EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION (FIGO 2025) - "On day 3 mild uterine contractions were treated with β-sympathomimetic fenoterol hydrobromide... This case highlights the rare occurrence of euglycemic ketoacidosis in pregnancy, emphasizing the need for monitoring and rapid correction of acidosis to mitigate maternal and fetal complications. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient."

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Gestational Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Respiratory Diseases

A Comparison of the Molecular Pharmacological Properties of Current Short, Long, and Ultra-Long-Acting β2-Agonists Used for Asthma and COPD. (PubMed, Pharmacol Res Perspect) - "Few studies directly compare the molecular pharmacological properties of short (salbutamol, terbutaline, fenoterol), long (formoterol, salmeterol), and ultra-long-acting (indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol) β2-agonists. Comparison with other β-ligands suggests that affinity and duration could both be improved further. However, given the very wide range of molecular pharmacological properties of β-agonists that are clinically effective and widely used, non-pharmacological properties (physiochemical, patient factors, devices and combination inhaler availability) may be as important in final clinical patient outcomes as the molecular pharmacological properties of the individual β2-agonists themselves."

Clinical • Journal • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Effect of Dual Bronchodilation on the Exercise Capacity of Individuals With Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Crossover Study. (PubMed, JMIR Res Protoc) - P=N/A | "There is no evidence that BDs can improve the exercise capacity of patients with NCFB. This trial will compare the endurance exercise capacity of the same individual with and without dual bronchodilation. If successful, this study will demonstrate that exercise capacity can be improved with the use of BDs in adults with NCFB."

Journal • Bronchiectasis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Non‐Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Augmenting Beneficial β2-adrenergic Receptor Signaling and Function Using a Biased Allosteric Modulator (ATS 2025) - " Human ASM (HASM) cells were stimulated with different β-agonists including isoproterenol (ISO), formoterol (FORM), epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), albuterol (ALB), salmeterol (SALM), terbutaline (TERB), and fenoterol (FENO) in the presence/absence of PAM 37. Our results demonstrate that the PAM 37 augments beneficial β2AR-Gαs-signaling, airway relaxation, and bronchodilation without affecting detrimental β-arrestin-mediated signaling by multiple clinically relevant β-agonists."

Respiratory Diseases • ARRB1

Adrenergic Modulation of Acetylcholine Release at the Mouse Neuromuscular Junctions of Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle. (PubMed, Neurochem Res) - "Effects of β2-AR activation were dependent on the type of agonist: Procaterol decreased both ACh release and Ca2+ entry into the nerve terminals, whereas fenoterol promoted ACh release in a Gi protein-dependent manner. Thus, synaptic transmission in the "fast" NMJs had specific features of adrenergic regulation engaging Gi protein, adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase A2, protein kinases A and C. The positive effect of natural agonist adrenaline was reproduced only by β2-AR activation with fenoterol, but not α1-, α2-, β1-agonists and β2-agonist procaterol."

Journal • Preclinical • Review

Substrate-specific inhibition of organic cation transporter 1 revealed using a multisubstrate drug cocktail. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "Here, we describe a multisubstrate drug cocktail that allows for the simultaneous testing of drug-drug interactions using 8 different victim drugs: fenoterol, salbutamol, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, ipratropium, trospium, methylnaltrexone, and metformin...Group 1 comprised verapamil, quinidine, fenoterol, and ipratropium, and group 2 comprised metformin, sumatriptan, and trimethoprim...Here, we demonstrate this for organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and presents a drug cocktail designed to identify varying inhibitory potencies in vitro and prevent false-negative drug-drug interaction results during early drug development. This approach can be extended to other polyspecific drug transporters."

Journal • SLC22A1

Distinct Response of the Human Plasma Lipidome to Cold and Fenoterol (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "Both cold exposure and stimulation of the β2-AR increase lipolysis and REE in humans. Our findings indicate that enhanced lipolysis is a key mechanism driving β2-AR-stimulated thermogenesis. However, the distinct lipidomic profile points towards different molecular mechanisms in response to cold."

Genetic Disorders • Obesity

The beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonist fenoterol increases resting enery expenditure without activation of brown adipose tissue in humans. (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "We found no evidence that β2-ARs play a major role in activation of human BAT. A reason for the observed fenoterol-induced increase in REE could be futile metabolic cycles e.g. lipid cycling in skeletal muscle or white adipose tissue."

Genetic Disorders • Obesity • ADRB2

Substrate-specific effects point to the important role of Y361 as part of the YER motif in closing the binding pocket of OCT1. (PubMed, J Biol Chem) - "OCT1 has a broad spectrum of structurally diverse substrates like metformin, sumatriptan, trospium, and fenoterol. Only tryptophan at codon 361 efficiently rescued the transport of the Y361A mutant supporting hydrogen bound interaction with E386 and R439. Our study confirms that the YER motif is essential for OCT1 transport and points to Y361 as a lever that interacts with E386 and R439 to trigger the closing of the binding pocket of human OCT1."

Journal • SLC22A1

Ecofriendly colorimetric set-up coupled with mathematical filtration strategy for simultaneous determination of ipratropium and fenoterol in their novel anti-asthmatic metered dose inhaler. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "Using cutting-edge software metric tools, namely the analytical greenness (AGREE), and complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI), the greenness profile of the suggested method was clearly evaluated. The method also conformed well to the recently published blueness (BAGI tool) and whiteness (RGB12 tool) concepts."

Journal • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Neuroprotective effects of phenylacetylglycine via β2AR on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. (PubMed, Saudi Pharm J) - "Furthermore, the protective effect of PAGly diminished after the administration of β2AR-specific agonist fenoterol (P = 0.0055). These data indicate that PAGly mitigates cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting microglial inflammation via β2AR, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings position PAGly as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in cerebrovascular injuries, warranting further exploration in clinical settings."

Journal • Preclinical • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Unraveling the Structural Basis of Biased Agonism in the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. (PubMed, Proteins) - "Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for β2-AR complexes with two stereoisomers of methoxynaphtyl fenoterol (MNFen), that is, compounds eliciting qualitatively different cellular responses...0.2 nm) increase in the distance between the TM5-TM7, TM1-TM6, TM6-TM7, and TM1-TM5 pairs. On the other hand, an even slighter decrease in the distance between the TM1-TM4 and TM2-TM4 pairs is observed."

Journal

Intelligent spectrophotometric resolution platforms for the challenging spectra of ipratropium and fenoterol in their combination inhaler with ecological friendliness assessment. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Finally, the established methods were evaluated for their greenness and blueness, in comparison to the official and reported analysis methods, using advanced cutting edge software metrics. Furthermore, the suggested techniques adhered well to the white analytical chemistry postulates that were recently published."

Journal • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Prospective Testing Bronchial Obstruction Reversibility in Preterm Children: Inhaled betamimetics versus parasympatholytics (ERS 2024) - "Baseline spirometry data were collected from 52 children with CLD (mean age 9.5 years, range 4-18; 33 boys), confirming bronchial obstruction with mean baseline Z-scores for forced expiratory flow [FEF]: FEF75 -2.12, FEF50 -2.74, FEF25 -2.28, and FEF25-75-2.51; forced expiratory volume in one second -2.36, forced vital capacity [FVC] -1.74 and peak expiratory flow -1.71. Following the administration of salbutamol, ipratropium, and ipratropium combined with fenoterol, significant improvements were observed in all spirometric parameters (p<0.000), except for FVC. The highest improvement of FEF25-75 and FEF75 z-score was observed after inhalation of ipratropium compared to salbutamol (p<0.005 and p<0.0017, respectively), but the difference between the combination of ipratropium plus fenoterol over ipratropium alone was not statistically significant (p<0.998 and p<0.54; ANOVA repeated measures)."

Clinical • Prematurity • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Chromatographic fingerprinting of ipratropium and fenoterol in their novel co-formulated inhaler treating major respiratory disorders; application to delivered dose uniformity testing along with greenness and whiteness assessment. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "Finally, whiteness appraisal and several state-of-the-art green evaluation metrics were applied to evaluate the sustainability of the proposed methods. The suggested approaches produced promising results and are the first simple and sustainable methodologies for the simultaneous quantification of both drugs in different real samples, all of which strongly suggest their application in quality control laboratories."

Journal • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Diesel exhaust particles alter mitochondrial bioenergetics and cAMP producing capacity in human bronchial epithelial cells. (PubMed, Front Toxicol) - "Interestingly, DEP decreased mRNA levels of adenylyl cyclase 9 and reduced cAMP levels stimulated by forskolin (AC activator), fenoterol (β2-AR agonist) or PGE2 (EPR agonist). Our findings suggest that DEP induces mitochondrial dysfunction, a process accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, and broadly dampens cAMP signaling. These epithelial responses may contribute to lung dysfunction induced by air pollution exposure."

Journal • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IL6

Clinically Relevant β2-agonists Induce and Augment Rhinovirus-induction of Asthma-relevant Pro-inflammatory Mediators in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (ATS 2024) - " BEAS-2B BECs were stimulated with SABAs (fenoterol, salbutamol), LABAs (formoterol, salmeterol), ultra-LABAs (indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol), short-acting (ipratropium) or long-acting (tiotropium, aclidinium, umeclidinium) muscarinic antagonists, at concentrations 0. β2-agonists upregulate BEC production of asthma-relevant pro-inflammatory mediators, while muscarinic antagonists do not. β2-agonists also augment RV-induction of disease-relevant mediators. Corticosteroid co-administration abolishes these pro-inflammatory effects."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Asthma • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • BDNF • IL6

Psyllium Husk (Metamucil) Induced Non-atopic Perennial Asthma: A Case Report (ATS 2024) - "She was treated with prednisone 20 mg, twice daily beclomethasone, and fenoterol as needed. Information about psyllium-induced asthma's long-term clinical manifestations is sparse. This case report of a patient followed for 30 years adds to this limited body of evidence, illustrating that a single Metamucil exposure can lead to life-long disabling and poorly controlled asthma in a patient without a history of asthma."

Case report • Clinical • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Asthma • Cardiovascular • Constipation • Cough • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Giant Cell Arteritis • Immunology • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology

Sales Trend Analysis of SABA, LABA/ICS and ICS Isolated in Brazil: A 2019-2022 Series (ATS 2024) - "Methods Data from the IQVIA® consultancy was analyzed on the number of SABA (fenoterol and salbutamol), LABA/ICS, and isolated ICS units sold from January 2019 to December 2022 in Brazil...These numbers and projections suggest that healthcare professionals and patients are potentially unaware of recent changes in asthma management recommendations. Thus, given the growing trend in the use of SABA in recent years in Brazil, educational campaigns for health professionals, especially general practitioners, should be one of the strategies adopted to improve public respiratory healthcare in Brazil."

Asthma • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Maternal pulmonary edema after 38 h of administration fenoterol: a case report (Euroanaesthesia 2024) - "With mechanical ventilation and a consequent diuretic therapy with furosemide gas exchange improved and extubation was possible on the 2nd postoperative day. Learning points: The side effects of beta 2-mimetic tocolytic therapy are of importance for anaesthesiologists who administer anaesthesia for obstetric operations. Women who experience acute pulmonary oedema are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications in later life, including hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and renal disease."

Case report • Clinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Gynecology • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Nephrology • Obstetrics • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Cytokine Production profiles of CD4+ T cell subsets in stressed beta2-adrenergic receptor knockout and wildtype mice during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection (IMMUNOLOGY 2024) - "In vitro proliferation of CD4 T cells in the presence of b2-AR antagonists, ICI 118, 551 stimulated the production of Th1 cytokines, whereas b2-AR agonist, Fenoterol, decreased the production of Th1-type cytokines but increased GATA-3, STAT-6, IL-17, IL-10, b2-AR, decreased T-bet, and STAT-4 in CD4+ T cell productions during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection was observed. Overall, Th1 cytokine and T bet responses are reduced in stressed mice, suggesting that the cytokine status was polarized toward a Th2 immune response that can be restored by removing b2-AR from immune cells."

Preclinical • Infectious Disease • CD4 • GATA3 • IFNG • IL10 • IL12A • IL13 • IL17A • IL23A • STAT4 • STAT6

β2-Adrenergic Regulation of the Neuromuscular Transmission and Its Lipid-Dependent Switch. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "Using electrophysiological recordings and fluorescent FM dyes, we found that β2-AR activation with fenoterol enhanced an involvement of synaptic vesicles in exocytosis and neurotransmitter release during intense activity at the neuromuscular junctions of mouse diaphragm...Sphingomyelin hydrolysis inversed the effects of β2-AR agonist on neurotransmission probably via switching to Gi protein-dependent signaling. This phenomenon may reflect a dependence of the β2-AR signaling on lipid raft integrity in the neuromuscular junctions."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Muscular Atrophy • Respiratory Diseases

Clustering of atoms relative to vector space in the Z-matrix coordinate system and 'graphical fingerprint' analysis of 3D pharmacophore structure. (PubMed, Mol Divers) - "Using 3D-QSAR analysis, it was aimed to determine the pharmacophore groups as interaction points in the binding region of the β2-adrenoceptor target of fenoterol stereoisomers...Finally, the data were calculated using the 'graphic fingerprint' technique. Based on the eLKlopman (Electrostatic LUMO Klopman) descriptor, the Q value of this derivative set was calculated as 0.981 and the R value is calculated as 0.998."

Journal

Determination of 14 β-agonists in animal meat by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PubMed, Se Pu) - "In this study, a method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was established for the rapid detection of 14 β-agonists (clenbuterol, salbutamol, ractopamine, clorprenaline, terbutaline, tulobuterol, bromobuterol, bambuterol, zilpaterol, mabuterol, fenoterol, arformoterol, cimaterol, and cimbuterol) in animal food sources. The results were close to those of the national standard method, indicating that the method is accurate and reliable. Moreover, the proposed method has good stability and high accuracy; thus, it is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of β-agonists in animal meat."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Movement Disorders