Eticovo (etanercept-ykro) / Biogen, Organon, Samsung, Ewopharma, Yuhan Corp, Mundipharma, Bionovis - LARVOL DELTA

Clinical and Real-World Evidence on Etanercept Biosimilar Switching: A Narrative Literature Review of Efficacy and Safety. (PubMed, Adv Ther) - "This review examines clinical and real-world data on the effects of switching between reference and biosimilar (SDZ-ETN, SB4, LBEC0101, YLB113) etanercept on treatment efficacy and safety in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. These findings support broader biosimilar adoption to improve patient access and reduce healthcare costs. However, published data on multiple biosimilar switches and patient-reported outcomes remain limited, warranting further research efforts in these areas."

Clinical • HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • Review • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Psoriasis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis

Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Biocidal Evaluation of Three Novel Aminobenzoic Acid-Derived Schiff Bases Featuring Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "We synthesized three derivatives (SB-3/Cl, SB-4/Br, and SB-5/I) and confirmed their structures using FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, and HRMS...In mammalian cells (HeLa), the compounds displayed clear concentration-dependent behavior. Overall, halogenation, particularly iodination, emerges as a powerful tool to couple redox tuning with selective Gram-positive activity and a favorable cellular tolerance window, nominating SB-5 as a promising scaffold for further antimicrobial optimization."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Multifunctional lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Makdous. (PubMed, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek) - "plantarum SB14 showed the highest radical scavenging activity, while SB4 demonstrated potent inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. These findings suggest that SB4 and SB14 are strong candidates as multifunctional starters to enhance the safety, quality, and health-promoting potential of fermented vegetable products and other functional food applications."

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Synthesized Depside Molecules Suppress the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Binding VDAC1/PHB/MMP9 Being at the Crossroads of Stemness, Motility, Apoptosis, and Metabolism. (PubMed, MedComm (2020)) - "Notably, they reversed cetuximab-induced cancer stemness in colorectal adenocarcinoma-enriched stem cells. In a CT26/near-infrared fluorescent protein tumor model, SB4 markedly inhibited tumor growth and modulated key markers of stemness, motility, metabolism, and apoptosis in tumor tissues. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SB4 and SB5 are promising candidates for colorectal cancer therapy by targeting VDAC1/PHB/MMP9."

Journal • Colorectal Adenocarcinoma • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • MMP9 • VDAC1

Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee, 2025. (PubMed, J Gen Virol) - "Key updates include the creation of new orders and families that include existing taxa to better reflect genomic and evolutionary relationships. As sequencing and bioinformatics approaches continue to advance, further expansion and refinements in viral taxonomy can be anticipated in the coming years."

Journal • Infectious Disease

SbIV, an Unusual Player in 2D Spintronic Devices. (PubMed, ACS Nano) - "Density-functional theory calculations combined with Bader charge analysis show that antimony adopts the Sb4+ oxidation state, and density-functional perturbation theory confirms structural stability for multilayer configurations...As the number of layers increases, charge disproportionation arises, with Sb(III) localized at the surface and Sb(V) in inner layers. These results relate structural stability, charge localization, and reduced dimensionality in Rb-terminated Rb2SbCl6 multilayers and indicate inverse-sign thermoelectric and spin Hall responses relevant for spin-charge interconversion in spin-based transistors and nonvolatile memory devices."

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Inclusion of endophytes in hydroponic cultivation of basils enhances hydroxycinnamic acid levels and antioxidant capacity. (PubMed, J Food Sci Technol) - "The endophytes that had the greatest effects were Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (SB3), Methylobacterium oryzae (SB4), Rizhobium selenireductens (SB7), and Bacillus toyonensis (SB9). In the antioxidant assay, two of the best endophytes (SB7 and SB9) scavenged hydroxyl radicals by 87.6% and 82.9%, respectively. Additionally, inoculation increased iron-chelating capacity by 40% and fully inhibited lipid oxidation, indicating, overall, the benefits of the inoculation of endophytes during the hydroponic growth of basils."

Journal • Review

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals BMP4-BMPR2 signaling promotes radiation resistance in hematopoietic stem cells following injury. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "We reveal that BMP4 signaling in HSPCs confers IR resistance, and a single administration of BMP4 or SB4 can rescue mice from the IR-induced mortality...In Nrf2 knockout mice, we demonstrate that Nrf2 is a critical downstream functional gene for BMP4-BMPR2 signaling on HSCs to resist IR-induced damage. Collectively, we provide insights into the molecular intricacies underlying HSPC heterogeneity and BM niche after radiation exposure, and we uncover that BMP4-BMPR2 signaling may serve as a promising target for developing innovative and effective intervention strategies to mitigate IR-induced hematopoietic injury."

Journal • BMP4 • NFE2L2

Compressive Force Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle Stem Cells Through Biglycan/Bone Morphogenetic Protein2/Smad1 Signaling Pathway. (PubMed, Stem Cells Dev) - "Furthermore, activation of the BMP2/Smad1 signaling pathway using sb4 also reversed the compressive force-induced decline in osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs. In vivo, the expression levels of the BGN/BMP2/Smad1 signaling axis and the osteogenic markers were significantly reduced on the compressive side of periodontal tissue compared with the control group (P < 0.01). BGN plays a crucial role in the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs under compressive force via the BMP2/Smad1 signaling axis and may contribute to the occurrence of OIIRR in mice."

Journal • BGN • BMP2 • MAD1L1 • RUNX2 • SMAD1

Topological determinants in protein folding dynamics: a comparative analysis of metamorphic proteins. (PubMed, Biol Direct) - "We further explore the role of topology in folding commitment using the metamorphic mutant Sb4, which can populate both conformations. By analyzing folding and unfolding behaviors under varying experimental conditions, our findings suggest that topology dictates folding mechanisms at an early stage. These results demonstrate that folding landscapes are primarily shaped by final native structures rather than sequence composition."

Clinical • Journal

Stabilization of Sb4 Tetrahedra in Paramagnetic Transition Metal Carbonyl Complexes. (PubMed, J Am Chem Soc) - "Complex 1 exhibited versatile reactivities toward groups 7-9 metal carbonyls, dioxygen, or [Cu(MeCN)4][BF4] to form selective orbital-controlled Sb4-based products, including transmetalated paramagnetic complexes [Et4N]4[Sb4Cr5Mn(CO)28]Br ([Et4N]4[1-Mn]Br), [Et4N]4[Sb4Cr2Fe6(CO)30] ([Et4N]4[1-Fe]), and [Et4N]2[Sb4Cr4Co4(CO)31] ([Et4N]2[1-Co]), the dioxygen-activated paramagnetic cluster [Et4N]4[O2Sb4Cr6(CO)28] ([Et4N]4[1-O2]), or the spin-quenched complex [Et4N]2[Sb4Cr6(CO)28] ([Et4N]2[2]), respectively. The structural nature, bonding properties, paramagnetism, and semiconductivity of these unprecedented transition metal carbonyl-protected Sb4-based clusters were further realized with DFT calculations."

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Atomic Structure, Dynamics, Changes in Chemical Bonding and Semiconductor-Metal Transition in Sb2Se3: A Remarkable Material for Quantum Networks and Energy Applications. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "Unlike benchmark telluride PCMs, Sb2Se3 features a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) crystalline structure consisting of (Sb4 Se6)∞ ribbons, lacks the typical PCM chemical bonding, and undergoes an extended semiconductor-metal transition above the melting point...Liquid Sb2Se3 also appears to be strongly fragile, with a nonmonotonic change in viscosity and higher atomic mobility in the metallic liquid. These results explain extraordinary functionalities of Sb2Se3 for photonic and energy applications."

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Formulation and Characterization of Etoricoxib Suppositories for the Management of Hemorrhoids. (PubMed, Turk J Pharm Sci) - "The SB3 gave 91.47±17.74% drug release in 6 h, whereas the SB1 gave 99.08±3.40% drug release in 12 h. Drug release from all formulations of suppositories was supported by zero-order, first-order, and Higuchi plots, except for SB4. The SB2 results were found to be more appropriate than those of the other batches. These results confirm that the prepared formulation has a future scope and should be further explored in in vitro cell lines and animal studies."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder

The Effect of the Central Post and Screw Constructs on the Univers Revers Total Shoulder System. (PubMed, J Shoulder Elbow Surg) - "With a non-augmented glenoid baseplate and 4 to 8 mm of lateralization, central posts within the vault, central posts exiting the vault, and bicortical screw fixation were equivocal in terms of micromotion. Load to failure was highest with 4 mm of lateralization and a central post contained within the glenoid vault or a bicortical screw. With 8 mm of lateralization and the use of 4 peripheral screws there is no difference between a central post exiting the vault, post within the vault and bicortical screw fixation."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Schiff bases of cellulose: Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer potency against hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "Interestingly, SB4 could act as a pro-oxidant by inducing reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress with notable decline in the antioxidant system within Hep G2 cells. The results displayed that cellulose-based Schiff bases may offer a new strategy for liver cancer therapy."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Liver Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Characterization and bioefficacy of grapevine bacterial endophytes against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease. (PubMed, Front Microbiol) - "The in vitro assay revealed that two isolates, SB4 and RF1, inhibited 56.1% and 55.6% mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, respectively...The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequence revealed eight distinct clades and showed the close clustering of identified species with the reference species retrieved from NCBI GenBank. The current investigation provides the scope for further field evaluations of these endophytic microbes for managing anthracnose disease."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Structural and electrical characterization of self-assembled Sb4 molecules on metal surfaces. (PubMed, J Chem Phys) - "Finally, we demonstrated the metallic band structure of Sb4 islands and observed the spatial and energy-dependent contributions of Sb4 molecules to the electronic states. This research enhances the understanding of the synthesis process of antimonene on metal surfaces and provides valuable insights for the industrial production of antimonene."

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The influence of geometric nonconformance of the SB4 tension clamps on their strength and elasticity characteristics. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The properties of the fastening clamps (in their nominal shape) were compared (described in the PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. documentation) with the fastening clamps of the actual shape. In the investigation, the authors have confirmed the negative influence of the non-conformance of the shape of the actual fastening clamps with the nominal ones."

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Similar Etanercept Adherence in Individuals with Rheumatic Disease Initiating Originator and Biosimilar: A Population-Based Study (ACR Convergence 2024) - "ETA-O (Enbrel) and ETA-B (Brenzys, Erelzi) were defined using Drug Identification Numbers...We adjusted for sex at birth, age at ETA initiation, and biologic use and prednisone use prior to ETA initiation. Among 615 ETA initiators, 50.8% initiated ETA-B... In this Canadian population-based study of ETA initiators with rheumatic disease, ETA-B and ETA-O had similar adherence. Low adherence is common among these individuals but is better in older individuals. A potential limitation was our assumption that every individual was under the same maintenance regimen (50 mg sc weekly)."

Adherence • Clinical • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

Synthesis and evaluation of vanillin Schiff bases as potential antimicrobial agents against ESBL-producing bacteria: towards novel interventions in antimicrobial stewardship. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The Schiff bases demonstrated notable antibacterial activities, with SB-1, SB-2, SB-4, and SB-5 exhibiting zones of inhibition up to 16.0, 16.5, 16.6, and 15.5 mm against ESBL E. coli, respectively...In cytotoxicity assays, the compounds exhibited IC values against red blood cells (RBCs) greater than 200 μg/mL and ranging from 45.7 to 50.5 μg/mL for the brine shrimp assay. While demonstrating potent antibacterial properties, the toxicity towards human RBCs suggests that further toxicity evaluations and structural modifications are essential for developing safer therapeutic agents based on vanillin Schiff bases."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Inclusion complexes of novel formyl chromone Schiff bases with β-Cyclodextrin: Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding studies and in-vitro release study. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "However, the SB4/β-Cyd inclusion complex also interacted with DNA but with low binding constants compared to SB4. An in-vitro release study of SB4/β-Cyd, revealed 78.92 % dissolution of the inclusion complex, highlighting its potential for enhanced solubility and stability in biological systems."

Journal • Preclinical

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Agonist SB4 (BMPSB4) Inhibits Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors by Activation of Autophagy via a BMP4/SMADs-Dependent Pathway. (PubMed, ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci) - "BMPSB4 activates autophagy through a SMADs-dependent pathway, which in turn promotes autophagy-mediated cell death. Our work further elucidates the mechanism of the BMP4 signaling pathway in CD and suggests broad prospects for the development and application of BMPSB4 in CD therapy."

Journal • Cushing’s Disease • Endocrine Cancer • Endocrine Disorders • Neuroendocrine Tumor • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BMP4

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Simulation of Alternative Dosing Regimens for Biosimilars to Adalimumab and Etanercept in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "RA patients starting subcutaneous Amgevita or Benepali (adalimumab and etanercept biosimilars, respectively) were recruited and underwent sparse serum sampling for drug concentrations. A simulation of dosing the etanercept biosimilar at a lower rate of every 10 days reached steady-state concentrations earlier than the usual dosing rate of every 7 days. Simulations of altered dosing intervals could form the basis for future personalised dosing studies, potentially saving costs whilst increasing efficacy."

Journal • PK/PD data • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology

TRANSITIONING BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN BIO-ORIGINATOR ETANERCEPT AND BIOSIMILAR SB4 IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: IMPACT ON DRUG SURVIVAL AND DISEASE ACTIVITY (EULAR 2024) - "Overall etanercept survival rates are high and disease activity measures are on a group level not affected by the transition. No significant differences were found between patients who previously had or had not used the bio-originator. Therefore, transitioning back and forth between biosimilar and bio-originator can be used in clinical practice to achieve cost-effective care."

Clinical • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis

Charting the Etanercept Journey: Tracing Cost Dynamics in Poland's Off-Patent Market from Reference Drug Rivalry to Biosimilar Monopoly. (PubMed, BioDrugs) - "This nation-level scenario of market re-monopolization by a biosimilar drug confirms net loss and excess costs for the healthcare payer, as can be expected from economic theory. The upwards drug repricing and restriction of treatment availability occurs much more rapidly than the decrement in a period of market competition."

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