metoclopramide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Association of Gestational Maternal Medications and Microtia Incidence (AAO-HNSF 2026) - "Several opioids were positively associated with microtia, including morphine (1.35, 95% CI: 1.28-1.42) and hydromorphone (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06 – 1.24). Betamethasone (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.51-1.76), metoclopramide (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32), ondansetron (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03 – 1.17), gabapentin (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05 – 1.44) and nitrofuran derivatives (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05 – 1.23) were also associated with higher microtia incidence. Fluoxetine (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53 – 0.83), doxylamine (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70 – 0.85), lamotrigine (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39 – 0.83), hydrocodone (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85 – 0.96), oxycodone (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84 – 0.96), and fentanyl (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73 – 0.83) were associated with lower odds of microtia incidence... This analysis suggests several gestational medications associated with increased odds of microtia in patients. Further clinical investigation is warranted to differentiate between maternal conditions and environmental..."

Drugs for acute treatment of migraine. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Treating Intractable Nausea and Vomiting in Cerebellar and Medullary Stroke. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Ondansetron and metoclopramide provided only limited or temporary relief. Symptoms improved after sequential escalation to ondansetron, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, and amitriptyline; transdermal scopolamine was included in the discharge regimen...Because multiple medications were introduced over a short interval and natural neurologic recovery may have contributed, the effect of any individual agent or combination cannot be determined. This case suggests that receptor-diverse pharmacotherapy may be considered when initial treatment fails while underscoring the need for further study of efficacy, safety, and medication sequencing."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders

Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients Receiving Continuous Versus Intermittent Oral Metoclopramide: A Retrospective Real World Study. (PubMed, Neurogastroenterol Motil) - "Continuous MCP dosing was associated with higher TD prevalence and earlier onset. Intermittent dosing, despite longer cumulative exposure, was associated with lower TD risk. These findings suggest that intermittent regimens may offer a safer MCP therapeutic strategy."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders

Staying Ahead of Distal Intestinal Obstructive Syndrome in Cystic Fibrosis (ACG 2026) - "Home bowel regimen included polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG) 34 g BID, linaclotide 290 g daily and PEG-electrolyte solution (PEG-ELS) weekly...Given her refractory obstruction, prucalopride and metoclopramide were trialed...Presence of thickened distal/terminal ileum. Large stool burden."

Constipation • Cystic Fibrosis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CFTR

Persistent Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Hiccups Unresponsive to Standard Agents: Resolution Associated With Levetiracetam Therapy. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "We report a male patient in his early 30s who developed refractory hiccups following moderate TBI sustained in a high-impact motor vehicle collision; standard agents including chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, and haloperidol provided no meaningful relief after 48 h of combined treatment. Intravenous levetiracetam (1000 mg loading dose followed by 500 mg every 12 h) was initiated on hospital Day 6, which was followed by complete resolution of hiccups within 8 h; the patient was discharged on hospital Day 7 without recurrence and remained symptom-free at two-week outpatient follow-up. This case highlights levetiracetam as a promising rescue therapy for post-TBI hiccups refractory to conventional agents, possibly by modulating aberrant central neural circuitry, and further prospective studies are warranted to establish standardized treatment protocols for this challenging and underrecognised condition."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology

Development and evaluation of hydrogel microneedles based on Gantrez® S-97 and hyaluronic acid for transdermal delivery of metoclopramide. (PubMed, Drug Deliv Transl Res) - "The optimized formulation demonstrated mechanical strength, uniform needle morphology, and a sustained drug release profile over 24 h. The hydrogel microneedles achieved up to an 18-fold enhancement in transdermal drug permeation compared to a conventional transdermal film."

Journal • Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Pain

Efficacy of Pre-Endoscopic Prokinetic Therapy in Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (ACG 2026) - "Ten RCTs involving 681 patients met inclusion criteria. The majority compared intravenous erythromycin administered pre-EGD, while fewer evaluated metoclopramide. Prokinetic therapy significantly improved endoscopic visualization (pooled OR ~3.5-4.0) and reduced the need for repeat endoscopy (pooled OR ~0.5), as compared to placebo."

Retrospective data • Review • Gastroenterology

When Hiccups Persist: An Atypical Presentation of Esophageal Candidiasis in an Immunocompetent Patient (ACG 2026) - "Outpatient treatment with baclofen, gabapentin, and pantoprazole failed to improve his symptoms, prompting hospital admission for further evaluation...He was treated with intravenous chlorpromazine, gabapentin, metoclopramide, empiric antibiotics for suspected pneumonia, and pantoprazole for possible reflux esophagitis, however, hiccups persisted...Figure: EGD demonstrating diffuse white plaques consistent with candidal esophagitis in the middle third (left) and lower third (right) of the esophagus. Figure: Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrating active esophagitis with acute inflammation (left) and fungal organisms morphologically consistent with Candida species, including budding yeast and pseudohyphae (right)."

Clinical • Candidiasis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Eosinophilic Cholecystitis: A Histopathologic Surprise Following Cholecystectomy for Suspected Choledocholithiasis (ACG 2026) - "She initially improved with metoclopramide and erythromycin. She is undergoing further workup outpatient to including gastric emptying study to better understand the underlying pathology or pathologies at play. Figure: Gallbladder submucosa with eosinophilic infiltration (H&E stain"

Diabetes • Eosinophilia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders

A Rare Case of Gastric Phytobezoar After Matzah Consumption During Passover (ACG 2026) - "Conservative management was initiated with oral metoclopramide and a cola soft drink three times daily for one week to promote gastric emptying and chemical dissolution...Figure: Figure 1: (A) CT scan showing well defined ovoid intraluminal mass with mottled gas pattern consistent with bezoar. (B) CT scan showing marked reduction in the size of the bezoar."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Pancreaticobiliary Mimicker: Double Duct Sign Without Obstruction? (ACG 2026) - "Quetiapine dose reduction and initiation of metoclopramide resulted in rapid symptomatic improvement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986 Oct;147(4):729-31 Figure: EGD showing a large amount of food residue in gastric fundus, and ampulla appeared to be normal Figure: Upper EUS showing dilated common bile duct of 7.5mm and dilated main pancreatic duct of 4.3mm, and smooth tapering of both ducts into the ampulla."

Biliary Cancer • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Schizophrenia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Fizzy Solution: Coca-Cola Dissolution of Gastric Bezoar to Facilitate Hemostatic Intervention (ACG 2026) - "Chronic nausea and emesis were partially controlled with prochlorperazine and promethazine; symptoms acutely worsened two days prior...Metoclopramide and continuous PPI infusion were initiated, but despite treatment, recurrent hematemesis persisted (hemoglobin nadir 6.5 g/dL)...A third EGD showed substantial bezoar clearance, revealing a single oozing cratered ulcer with active hemorrhage (Forrest Class Ib) along the lesser curvature, treated with epinephrine injection...Figure: Pre-intervention EGD showing undigested food bezoar in the gastric body prior to Coca-Cola dissolution. Figure: Post-Coca-Cola dissolution EGD revealing clearance of the gastric bezoar with residual actively oozing gastric ulcer in the setting of upper GI bleed."

Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Peptic Ulcer • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative Effectiveness of Metoclopramide Versus Erythromycin in Severe Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Multicenter Propensity-Matched Cohort Study (ACG 2026) - "After matching, 1639 remained in each cohort and outcomes were comparable between metoclopramide and erythromycin. The need for repeat endoscopy occurred in 17.4% versus 17.0% of patients (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88â1.19), while transfusion requirements were similar at 19.3% versus 18.1% (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.93â1.24). Recurrent bleeding showed no meaningful difference (33.5% vs 36.1%; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.84â1.02), and ICU utilization was identical at 1.9% in each cohort (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.61â1.64)."

Clinical • HEOR • Gastroenterology

Rumination Syndrome in a Young Male Without Classic Risk Factors Initially Misdiagnosed as Refractory Gastroparesis (ACG 2026) - "Symptoms progressed despite proton pump inhibitor therapy and metoclopramide, with frequent daily episodes of effortless regurgitation intermixed with forceful vomiting, often without preceding nausea...Multiple therapies including ondansetron, haloperidol, nortriptyline, and mirtazapine, provided minimal or transient relief...Delayed recognition led to extensive diagnostic testing, prolonged hospitalization, severe malnutrition, and temporary enteral feeding support. Earlier recognition may help avoid unnecessary interventions and improve outcomes."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Diabetes • Fibromyalgia • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Obesity • Rare Diseases

Inpatient Gastric Emptying Study: A Flawed Diagnostic Tool (ACG 2026) - "Pts were tx with varying doses of Reglan (45 pts) and GP diet (33 pts) most frequently (Table 2)... In total 223 pts were included across 10 hospitals with a mean age of 58 years old (Table 1). Overall, 112 (50%) had a positive GES, of whom 82 (73%) received at least one medication known to slow gastric motility. 78 of the 223 pts (36%) had at least one comorbid condition associated with gastric slowing."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder

The Forgotten Vagus: Recognizing Gastroparesis Following Radiofrequency Ablation for PVCs: An Unusual Complication (ACG 2026) - "The patient was referred to gastroenterology where she was initiated on pro-kinetic agents including prucalopride and alternating metoclopramide and erythromycin, with improvement in her symptoms at her 6-month follow-up. The temporality of symptom development following ablation argues for potential thermal-injury mediated gastroparesis. To our knowledge, this is one of the first instances of PVC ablation-mediated gastroparesis and establishes an important consideration for physicians who complete ablative procedures."

Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Thermal Injury • Ventricular Tachycardia

First Report of Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for Refractory Gastroparesis in Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome (ACG 2026) - "She was started on erythromycin, metoclopramide, an appetite stimulant and a proton pump inhibitor, however, her symptoms continued to persist. To our knowledge, this is the first G-POEM done in a patient with BRS and highlights a novel approach in the management of gastroparesis in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our treatment in this particularly challenging case provides a great reference for our future clinical practice, and increases awareness of the GI manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders and the treatment options available can significantly improve quality of life in such patients."

Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Mental Retardation

Swirling out of Control: A Unique Cause of a Hemodynamically Unstable GI Bleed (ACG 2026) - "This lesion was treated with epinephrine injection, hot coagulation graspers, and hemostatic spray...Repeat push enteroscopy was performed the following day after administration of metoclopramide and erythromycin... Postoperatively, the patient had no further hematochezia, with stabilization of hemoglobin levels. Figure: Figure A: Endoscopic view of JJ anastomosis with dilated vasculature and superficial areas of oozing Figure: Figure B: Intraoperative view of dilated vasculature around JJ anastomosis"

Gastroenterology • Hematological Disorders • Hypotension

Role of Prokinetic Drugs Prior to Endoscopy in Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (ACG 2026) - "Ten randomized controlled trials involving 977 patients were included (492 receiving prokinetics and 485 placebo). Prokinetic therapy significantly improved gastric emptying compared with placebo (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.56â6.84) and reduced the need for second-look endoscopy (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18â0.68). No significant effect on mortality was observed (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.36â1.11)."

Retrospective data • Review • Gastroenterology

A Hiccup in the System â Corrected Manually (ACG 2026) - "Multiple pharmacologic therapies, including baclofen, metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, and gabapentin, were trialed but discontinued due to sedation and lack of symptomatic improvement. Accordingly, this case underscores the potential role of OMT for symptomatic relief of benign but troubling conditions such as hiccups. Figure: Doming of the Diaphragm"

Endocrine Disorders • Metabolic Disorders

Identification of Factors Associated With Clinically Problematic Hiccups in Male Patients Receiving Cisplatin-based Treatment With Dexamethasone and Aprepitant: A Subgroup Analysis. (PubMed, In Vivo) - "Hypoalbuminemia and concomitant bevacizumab use are significant risk factors for clinically problematic hiccups in male patients receiving CDDP-based treatment with dexamethasone and aprepitant for thoracic cancer."

Journal • Retrospective data • Oncology • Thoracic Cancer

Metoclopramide does not enhance upper gastrointestinal motility in clinically healthy pigeons (Columba livia domestica) or those with sedation-induced functional ileus. (PubMed, Am J Vet Res) - "Clinically healthy adult pigeons were assigned to treatment groups as follows: saline (conscious control), saline/metoclopramide (conscious treatment), butorphanol/midazolam/saline (sedated control), or butorphanol/midazolam/metoclopramide (sedated treatment), all given IM with oral barium sulfate. Metoclopramide did not exhibit observable prokinetic effects. Metoclopramide at 2 mg/kg did not exhibit observable prokinetic effects in neither conscious pigeons nor those with sedation-induced ileus."

Journal • Anesthesia

POCUS Before Panic: Metoclopramide-Induced Colic Masquerading as Perforation (ASA 2026) - "We report a 65-year-old male with prior abdominal surgeries and adhesions undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor with intravesical gemcitabine. The episode was attributed to metoclopramide-induced increased bowel motility in the setting of adhesions. This case highlights the diagnostic value of POCUS and cautious antiemetic selection."

Bladder Cancer • Solid Tumor

Dexamethasone Versus Metoclopramide for Prophylaxis of Nausea and Vomiting After Cataract Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=210 | Completed | Sponsor: Alexandria University | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Cataract • Ophthalmology