selegiline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Consciousness: A Mechanism-Based Review. (PubMed, CNS Drugs) - "Current pharmacological interventions explored in disorders of consciousness target distinct molecular systems, including dopaminergic modulators (amantadine, levodopa, apomorphine, bromocriptine, selegiline, methylphenidate, and modafinil), GABAergic agents (zolpidem and baclofen), and other neuromodulatory compounds acting on glutamatergic, opioid, or serotonergic receptors (ketamine, remifentanil, and psilocin). Safety profiles associated with these treatments are also critically evaluated to guide clinical decision making. By integrating current knowledge on pharmacological modulation of key neural systems, including dopaminergic and GABAergic pathways, this article provides a comprehensive framework for understanding treatment strategies in disorders of consciousness."

Journal • Review

EFFECTS OF MAO-B AND COMT INHIBITORS ON SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS (ADPD 2026) - "Inclusion criteria involved (1) patients with PD, (2) intervention/comparator consisting of MAO-B inhibitors (safinamide, rasagiline, or selegiline) and COMT inhibitors (opicapone, entacapone, or tolcapone), and (3) outcomes of improvement in parameters for subjective and objective sleep in randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. A total of 529 articles were identified during the initial search, and we ultimately conducted an NMA focusing on the final seven studies. Evidence has shown that safinamide is effective in improving objective sleep parameters in patients with PD. However, given the paucity of evidence and controlled, long-term studies, the effects of MAO-B and COMT inhibitors on sleep disturbances remain unclear. More high-quality studies will be needed and should enable clinicians to provide personalized medicine based on sleep profiles."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Sleep Disorder • COMT

EFFICACY OF MAO-B AND COMT INHIBITORS ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A BAYESIAN NETWORK META-ANALYSIS (ADPD 2026) - "Randomized controlled trials evaluating QoL using PDQ-39 or PDQ-8 in patients treated with MAO-B inhibitors (rasagiline, selegiline, safinamide) or COMT inhibitors (entacapone, opicapone, tolcapone) were included. This network meta-analysis provides evidence that MAO-B inhibitors, particularly rasagiline and safinamide, may offer broader QoL benefits in patients with PD, especially in NMS such as emotional well-being. These findings support a more symptom-oriented and individualized treatment approach should be provided to patients with PD. Further well-designed head-to-head studies using standardized QoL measures and extended follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice."

HEOR • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF MAO-B INHIBITORS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE (ADPD 2026) - "We aimed to compare the effects of selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide on global cognitive function and specific cognitive domains in patients with PD. Comprehensive literature searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing cognitive outcomes in PD patients treated with MAO-B inhibitors. Among MAO-B inhibitors, only rasagiline was associated with enhanced overall cognitive performance in PD, but domain-specific improvements were largely absent. These findings indicate that cognitive benefits beyond motor symptom control remain limited, and highlight the need for future long-term studies with domain-focused assessments to delineate therapeutic roles for MAO-B inhibitors in cognitive outcomes for PD patients."

Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Predicting the potential for organic cation transporter 1-mediated drug-drug interactions with fenoterol by amitriptyline, fluoxetine, selegiline, metformin, and verapamil. (PubMed, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol) - "An in vitro OCT1 inhibition assay using fenoterol as probe substrate was validated and identified that verapamil may pose a clinically relevant interaction risk, predicting a minimum 2-fold increase in fenoterol exposure. This highlights the need for caution when coadministrating verapamil with fenoterol and supports incorporating OCT1 inhibition profiling into preclinical evaluation of new drug entities to better inform clinical development and ensure patient safety."

Journal • Asthma • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • SLC22A1

An Innovative RP-HPLC Strategy for Dual-Drug Analysis: Simultaneous Estimation of Selegiline and Biochanin A in Bulk and SNEDDS. (PubMed, Drug Dev Ind Pharm) - "The developed SNEDDS presented a particle size of 120.3 nm and a PDI of 0.1925. A simple, sensitive, and robust RP-HPLC method was successfully developed and validated for the concurrent estimation of SEL and BCA in bulk drug and SNEDDS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Case Report: A possible novel adult-onset, progressive MAO-A hypofunction. (PubMed, Front Neurosci) - "The nature of the pathophysiology was then tested first by fractionated plasma catecholamine assays, performed at baseline and again using entacapone challenge to suppress catechol-O-methyltransferase function. Treatment consistent with the hypothesis consisted of rasagiline or selegiline combined with carvedilol. This treatment relieved all symptoms."

Journal • COMT

The Safety and Efficacy of Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors as Add-on Therapy to Dopamine Agonists for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (AAN 2026) - "Objective: ‎This meta-analysis aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of both irreversible and reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors as add-on therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease.Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, treated with carbidopa/levodopa or a dopamine agonist...They can be irreversible (selegiline and rasagiline) or reversible (safinamide)... Selegiline (10mg/day) and safinamide (100mg) offer good therapeutic benefit as add-on therapy for PD. However, safinamide (100mg) has a relatively better safety profile as compared to selegiline (10mg/day). Further research should emphasize on long-term effects of these drugs through longitudinal studies focusing on patient-reported outcomes."

Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Sex and Diet Biased Effect of L-DOPA on Iron Accumulation in the Ventral Midbrain. (PubMed, J Neurochem) - "In the final three weeks, animals received daily subcutaneous injections of L-DOPA, selegiline, or vehicle...These findings demonstrate that systemic iron repletion after deficiency sensitizes the male brain to L-DOPA-induced iron accumulation, potentially increasing susceptibility to neurodegeneration. This study highlights the importance of considering that both dietary iron status and biological sex may impact PD treatment strategies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • CAT • GFAP • LCN2 • SOD2 • TFRC

Consensus Molecules Associated with Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Neurol Int) - "Drugs include L-dopa (49%), carbidopa (63%), benserazide (50%), entacapone (74%), tolcapone (56%), rasagiline (76%), selegiline (46%), pargyline (4%), ropinirole (61%), pramipexole (56%), lisuride (27%), cabergoline (16%), bromocriptine (12%), and zonisamide (9%). Adjunctive therapies include droxidopa (33%), trihexyphenidyl (28%), biperiden (17%), amantadine (24%), memantine (7%), rivastigmine (13%), donepezil (6%), galantamine (4%), domperidone (6%), clonazepam (4%), tetrabenazine (16%), mazindol (13%), quetiapine (6%), and clozapine (4%). Contraindicated drugs include haloperidol (4%), sulpiride (3%), and methyldopa (6%)...Chemical inducers of PD include 6-hydroxydopamine (40%), N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 78%), tetrahydropyridine (77%), probenecid (4%), quinolinic acid (4%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ, 16%), salsolinol (32%), rotenone (25%), and β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA, 29%). Notably, our study highlights conditional essential..."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Multi-target-directed chromone-carboxamide hybrids: Potent AChE/MAO-B inhibitors with anti-Aβ/Tau and neuroprotective activities. (PubMed, Eur J Med Chem) - "The target compounds exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with several derivatives (E3, E5, E12) showing submicromolar IC50 values comparable to donepezil and pronounced selectivity over butyrylcholinesterase. Selected compounds also demonstrated preferential inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), with E7 and E8 approaching the activity of selegiline...In vivo, E12 markedly improved scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice without observable systemic toxicity. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations supported stable binding of E3 and E12 to AChE, Aβ, and Tau targets via π-π and H-π interactions, accompanied by disruption of hydrophobic networks. Collectively, these findings identify chromone-2-carboxamide hybrids, particularly E3 and E12, as promising scaffolds for the development of multi-target anti-AD drug candidates."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Pain

Efficacy of MAO-B and COMT inhibitors on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Randomized controlled trials evaluating QoL using PDQ-39 or PDQ-8 in patients treated with MAO-B inhibitors (rasagiline, selegiline, safinamide) or COMT inhibitors (entacapone, opicapone, tolcapone) were included. Further well-designed head-to-head studies using standardized QoL measures and extended follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251013028): https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251013028."

HEOR • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-Parkinson drugs in geriatric patients : Key for optimization of treatment (PubMed, Z Gerontol Geriatr) - "The decarboxylase inhibitors benserazide and carbidopa possess different t1/2...Absorption and elimination of entacapone and opicapone are similar to levodopa...Rasagiline and selegiline are irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B. Therefore, in spite of their short t1/2 they are dosed once daily...Clinically established dopamine agonists activate D1/D5 dopamine motor receptors less strongly than the dopaminergic receptors of D2/D3/D4group. This is a probable reason for their numerous adverse effects particularly in older people with Parkinson's disease."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Geriatric Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Selegiline Improved Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Factors in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. (PubMed, Int J Prev Med) - "This research showed that selegiline increases cell viability, total antioxidant capacity, and interleukin 10 as well as decreases the amount of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and interleukin 6 against the effects of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings show that selegiline can have protective effects on kidney damage caused by gentamicin and by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, it can be proposed as a promising treatment option to reduce the side effects of gentamicin."

Journal • Inflammation • IL10 • IL6

Catecholaminergic storm and extreme blood pressure lability induced by combined levodopa/benserazide, selegiline, and piribedil in Parkinson's disease: a case report. (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - "This case demonstrated that combined dopaminergic therapy could induce catecholamine storm via synergistic effects, leading to life-threatening fluctuations in BP. Timely identification and adjustment of treatment regimens could effectively reverse cardiovascular risk. However, it was crucial to carefully consider the balance between the progression of motor symptoms and changes in medication treatment."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Determination of R/S-enantiomers of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human hair with chiral stationary phase LC-MS/MS. (PubMed, Bioanalysis) - "As the synthetic abused drug with high addictive potential, methamphetamine (METH) and its major metabolite amphetamine (AMP) are chiral compounds. Conversely, only the R-enantiomer was detected in the hair of a selegiline user. This research enables precise enantiomer differentiation, offering critical insights into drug metabolism and forensic discrimination between illicit METH abuse and legitimate selegiline treatment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Effect of antidepressants on motor and functional recovery in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, BMC Neurol) - "Certain antidepressants may enhance motor performance and independence in performing activities of daily living during post-stroke recovery among elderly patients. Fluoxetine was the most common antidepressant described in the literature with significant improvement in motor (FMMS) functional (BI) scales. However, substantial heterogeneity and potential study biases warrant cautious interpretation. Rigorous, large-scale RCTs are necessary to verify these findings and establish long-term safety profiles. They will also help define the optimal therapeutic strategies before routine clinical use is considered."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular

Integrative gene target mapping, RNA sequencing, in silico molecular docking, ADMET profiling and molecular dynamics simulation study of marine derived molecules for type 1 diabetes mellitus. (PubMed, Mol Divers) - "The drug-hub gene interaction network showed that Clenbuterol, Diethylstilbestrol, Selegiline and Isoflurophate predicted therapeutic drugs for the T1DM. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study revealed that CMNPD5805 and CMNPD30286 as potential inhibitors of FN1 (pdb id: 3M7P) a key biomarker in pathogenesis of T1DM. These findings promote the understanding of the molecular mechanism and clinically related molecular targets for T1DM."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • ADRB2 • BCL6 • CD74 • NOTCH1

Effects of MAO-B Inhibitors on Cognition in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Network Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - "Rasagiline may provide global cognitive benefits in PD, but MAO-B inhibitors, including rasagiline, generally did not demonstrate significant effects on individual cognitive domains. These findings suggest limited cognitive impacts of MAO-B inhibitors beyond managing the motor symptoms. Further large-scale, long-term studies using domain-specific cognitive assessments are warranted to clarify their roles in cognitive performance in patients with PD."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Evaluation of Pyrrole Heterocyclic Derivatives as Selective MAO-B Inhibitors and Neuroprotectors. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Novel pyrrole-based derivatives were synthesized in high purity and yields (52-89%), with 17i and 17j displaying selective MAO-B inhibition (50-60%), comparable to Selegiline, and negligible MAO-A activity...Metabolic predictions suggest ester hydrolysis at the pyrrole ring as the main biotransformation pathway. Overall, 17i and 17j are promising lead compounds for developing therapeutics targeting oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, supporting further in vivo studies."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ACCESSIBILITY, AFFORDABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY OF MEDICINES FOR PARKINSON (ADPD 2026) - "The most available medicines were for autonomic symptoms such as omeprazole (98.28%), sildenafil (89.7%), bisacodyl (84.5%), tadalafil (60.3%), and for psychiatric symptoms such as haloperidol (50%) and fluoxetine (48.3%). Among dopaminergic medicines, carbidopa/levodopa was always available in 19% of pharmacies, dopamine agonists in 13.8% (bromocriptine), 6.9% (cabergoline), and 1.7% (ropinirole), and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in 1.72%...Affordable medicines were those always available in the reference public hospital pharmacy, such as the antipsychotics haloperidol and risperidone, the anticholinergic trihexyphenidyl, and the antidepressant fluoxetine... Similar to other low-income countries, there is poor access to PD medicines in Malawi`s pharmacies due to regulatory, supply chain, and financial barriers."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Beyond Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease: 3D Printing of Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) for Optimized Treatment. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Research indicates that selegiline ODT achieves a faster time to peak and higher relative bioavailability via partial buccal absorption, whereas carbidopa/levodopa ODTs are bioequivalent to immediate release tablets (with similar AUC/Cmax and approximately 1 h Tmax) without consistent motor advantages but with higher patient acceptability. Feasibility studies underscore stability considerations such as carbidopa, throughput and regulatory requirements (QbD/GMP), and bioequivalence information. We outline priorities to integrate 3D printed ODTs into PD care, aligning formulation, pharmacokinetics, and human factors to improve adherence and clinical outcomes."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

MAO-B inhibition by selegiline blunts cardiac functions improved by high-fat diet: Role of inflammation, apoptosis, and calcium-handling. (PubMed, Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov) - "HFD induced proapoptotic processes, which were restored by selegiline. In conclusion, moderate obesity improves cardiac function through Ca2+ homeostasis and inflammatory processes and MAO-B inhibition reverses these effects."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Obesity • Oncology • TNFA

Bromocriptine, Selegiline and Amantadine in the Treatment of Depression-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - " Findings suggest that bromocriptine, amantadine, and selegiline may represent effective dopaminergic antidepressants, particularly for treatment-resistant or atypical depression. Further large-scale, methodologically rigorous studies are needed to confirm their clinical utility."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

L-dopa induced iron accumulation in the ventral midbrain: the roles of sex and iron repletion (Neuroscience 2025) - "Vehicle (0.1% ascorbic acid), carbidopa+L-DOPA (5/20 mg/kg), or selegiline (0.3mg/kg) was administered via subcutaneous injection in all groups. These findings suggest that L-DOPA administration under iron-depleted-repleted conditions disrupts iron homeostasis by promoting iron uptake and reducing iron storage capacity, particularly in males. This sex-specific vulnerability to iron accumulation highlights the need for personalized PD therapies that consider both iron status and biological sex."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • GFAP • TFRC